摘要:
A bearing supporting a crankshaft provided in a connecting rod comprises an overlay in contact with a throw, a metal layer on the outside of the overlay and a back metal on the outside of the metal layer. The hardness of the metal layer is lower than that of the back metal, and the thermal conductivity of the overlay is higher than that of the throw. The metal layer having a lower hardness than the back metal improves the fit of the bearing with the throw, and sharp increase of frictional losses and rise of lubricating oil temperature at high engine rotation speeds are thereby prevented. The overlay having a high thermal conductivity absorbs heat from the minimum thickness oil film formed between the inner surface region of the throw and the bearing, and after the bearing has passed through the minimum thickness oil film, the absorbed heat is again discharged to the lubricating oil. In this way, temperature rise of the throw in the vicinity of the minimum thickness oil film is suppressed, decreased viscosity of the lubricating oil due to temperature rise is prevented, and the thickness of the minimum thickness oil film is maintained.
摘要:
Parameters which are related to the rate at which particulate matter accumulates and is reburnt, are monitored and the time at which a regeneration is required and/or the length of time a regeneration should be induced, are derived based on the same. The temperature at the inlet and outlet of a trap in which particulate matter is accumulated are monitored and measures such as throttling the induction and exhaust are implemented in addition to energizing a heater disposed immediately upstream of the trap as required in order to elevate the trap temperature and to induce and maintain the reburning during a trap regeneration.The pressure differential across the trap can be used to determine the amount of incombustible matter (ash) which has a accumulated in the trap and to modify the regeneration timing.When the temperature of the exhaust gases cannot be raised sufficiently, a by-pass is opened to attenuate cooling of the trap by the low temperature gases.
摘要:
Parameters which are related to the rate at which particulate matter accumulates and is reburnt, are monitored and the time at which a regeneration is required and/or the length of time a regeneration should be induced, are derived based on the same. The temperature at the inlet and outlet of a trap in which particulate matter is accumulated are monitored and measures such as throttling the induction and exhaust are implement in addition to energizing a heater disposed immediately upstream of the trap as required in order to elevate the trap temperature and to induce and maintain the reburning during a trap regeneration. The pressure differential across the trap can be used to determine the amount of incombustible matter (ash) which has accumulated in the trap and to modify the regeneration timing. When the temperature of the exhaust gases cannot be raised sufficiently, a by-pass is opened to attenuate cooling of the trap by the low temperature gases.
摘要:
A diesel engine having a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder and piston where fuel is injected into the chamber directly, provided with a device to recycle part of the exhaust gas is recycled into the air intake depending on the running condition of the engine, a fuel injection valve which lifts in two stages depending on the fuel pressure, two air intake valves and two exhaust valves disposed around the injection valve. The injection valve is fitted substantially parallel to the cylinder axis facing the center of the combustion chamber and provided with a needle valve which lifts in two stages depending on the fuel pressure in order to spray fuel from an injection nozzle according to the lift of the needle valve. This needle valve is provided with a guide which slides on the inner circumference of the injection nozzle so as to guide the needle valve concentrically with respect to the injection nozzle. The fuel spray into the combustion chamber is thereby rendered uniform, mixing of fuel and air is promoted, and the emission of both NOx and smoke is reduced.
摘要:
In order to prevent large amounts of residual gas from remaining in the combustion chamber after the exhaust phase in an engine provided with dual induction arrangement including two inlet valves and corresponding induction ports, air is bled into the port which closed off by a flow control valve during low speed operation so as to obviate the vacuum which tends to develop therein and induct exhaust gas during the exhaust phase.
摘要:
An EGR control system for an internal combustion engine is provided with a control valve member movably disposed in an intake passageway downstream of a throttle valve. The control valve member is movable in the axial direction of a portion of the intake passageway angularly connected to an intake manifold, in accordance with the variation of engine load conditions. For example, the control valve member is connected to a diaphragm member which receives intake manifold vacuum so that the control valve member is movable in response to the intake manifold vacuum.