摘要:
A process unit includes a rotatable image bearer, an optical writing head to expose the image bearer within an maximum exposure range in an axial direction of the image bearer, a developer bearer, spacers disposed in axial end portions of the image bearer to determine a position of the optical writing head relative to the image bearer and slidingly contact the image bearer, a cleaner disposed downstream from the developer bearer in an image bearer rotation direction, and a remover to slidingly contact the axial end portion of the image bearer to remove a substance adhering thereto. In the axial direction, inner ends of the spacers are positioned inside a toner layer range of the developer bearer extending beyond a largest sheet width. The remover is disposed downstream from the cleaner and crossing a line extending from the inner end of the spacer perpendicularly to the axial direction.
摘要:
A holographic recording method includes the following steps: irradiating an optical recording medium with a coherent reference beam and a coherent information beam to produce a hologram in the optical recording medium while irradiating the optical recording medium with an incoherent pretreatment beam to consume a polymerization inhibitor; irradiating the hologram with the reference beam to extract a reproduction beam while stopping irradiating the optical recording medium with the reference beam; sensing the signal beam with an image pick-up unit to detect an intensity of the signal beam; and calculating a bit error rate with a control unit to irradiate the hologram with the information beam if the bit error rate is larger than a prescribed value, or to stop irradiating the optical recording medium with the reference beam, the information beam and the pretreatment beam if the bit error rate is smaller than the prescribed value.
摘要:
A holographic recording medium includes a recording layer. The recording layer includes a framework being expressed with the following general formula (1), In the above formula (1), Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from benzothiophene group, naphthothiophene group, dibenzothiophene group, thienothiophene group, dithienobenzene group, benzothiazole group, naphthothiazole group, benzoisothiazole group, naphthoisothiazole group, phenothiazine group, phenoxathiin group, dithianaphthalene group, thianthrene group, thioxanthene group, and bithiophene group. In addition, n is an integer from 1 to 4.
摘要:
An optical recording and reproducing apparatus according to the present invention utilizes an angle multiplexing interfering method to record multiple pieces of recording data on an optical recording medium. Recording conditions for the multiple recording and management information such as addresses are recorded in the same book according to a coaxial interfering method. In a reproduction mode, the management information is read from a hologram formed according to the coaxial interfering method. The management information is utilized to quickly read the recording data from a hologram formed according to the angle multiplexing interfering method.
摘要:
A developing device includes a toner bearer to rotate while bearing toner and a toner regulator including a bend on a free end side. The bend is disposed in contact with a surface of the toner bearer and defines a regulation nip to adjust an amount of the toner on the toner bearer. The toner regulator further includes an area having a water contact angle greater than or equal to 70 degrees. The area having the water contact angle includes, at least, a downstream end of the bend in a rotation direction of the toner bearer.
摘要:
An optical recording medium is provided, which includes a recording layer includes a polymer matrix, a polymerizable compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and a polymerization inhibitor. The polymerization inhibitor is formed of a compound which exhibits a molar absorption coefficient of zero to a light having a first wavelength and generates an acid or a base when exposed to an external stimulus other than the light having the first wavelength, thereby inhibiting the polymerization of the polymerizable compound.
摘要:
A holographic recording medium is provided, which includes a recording layer containing a three-dimensional crosslinked polymer matrix, a photo-radical generating agent, and a ring-opening polymerizable compound having a radically ring-opening polymerizable alicyclic structure.
摘要:
A lighting device is provided with a number of light sources and a driving circuit. Each of the light sources includes a plurality of light emitting elements which emit respective light having different wavelengths, combines the respective light into white light, and emit the white light onto a flat display panel. The driving circuit periodically drives the light sources in accordance with driving pattern signals each corresponding to the ratio between times for which the light emitting elements emit the respective light, and shifts the phases of the driving pattern signals relative to each other for the light sources.
摘要:
Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to a semiconductor device that has a pad section having an excellent coherency with an interlayer dielectric layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. A semiconductor device 1000 has a pad layer 30A formed over an interlayer dielectric layer 20. The interlayer dielectric layer 20 includes at least a first silicon oxide layer 20b that is formed by a polycondensation reaction of a silicon compound and hydrogen peroxide, and a second silicon oxide layer 20c formed over the first silicon oxide layer and containing an impurity. The pad section 30A includes a wetting layer 32, an alloy layer 34 and a metal wiring layer 37.
摘要:
A semiconductor device having a contact structure that can exhibit superlative step coverage without causing voids or wiring discontinuities, using aluminum or aluminum alloys as a conductive substance for via-holes. A method of fabricating the semiconductor device comprises, for at least one layer of wiring regions above the first wiring region on a semiconductor substrate, the following steps (a) to (f): (a) a step of forming a via-hole in a second interlayer dielectric formed above the first wiring region on a semiconductor substrate; (b) a degassing step for removing gaseous components included within the interlayer dielectric by a heat treatment under reduced pressure and at the substrate temperature of 300° C. to 550° C.; (c) a step of forming a wetting layer on the surface of the interlayer dielectric and the via-hole; (d) a step of cooling the substrate to a temperature of no more than 100° C.; (e) a step of forming a first aluminum layer comprising one of aluminum and an alloy in which aluminum is the main component on the wetting layer at a temperature of no more than 200° C.; and (f) a step of forming a second aluminum layer comprising one of aluminum and an alloy in which aluminum is the main component on the first aluminum layer at a temperature of at least 300° C.