摘要:
A photovoltaic device can include a second metal layer adjacent to a first layer, where the first layer is positioned adjacent to a substrate, and where the second metal layer includes a dopant; and a copper-indium-gallium diselenide (CIGS) layer adjacent to the second metal layer.
摘要:
A scribing system comprising a mounting mechanism, stylus, and force generating mechanism is provided. The mounting mechanism is configured to rotate an elongated object in such a manner that the object is subjected to a bow effect wherein a middle portion of the object bends relative to the end portions of the object. The stylus is for scribing the object at a position x along the long dimension of the object while the mounting mechanism rotates the object. The force generating mechanism is connected to the stylus so that the stylus applies the same constant force to the elongated object regardless of the position x along the long dimension of the object that the stylus is positioned, while the mounting mechanism rotates the object and thereby subjects the object to the bow effect, thereby scribing the object.
摘要:
A patterned conductive layer is disposed around a nonplanar substrate, where a boundary of the conductive layer is defined by a single groove that traverses a perimeter of the substrate a plurality of times. A patterned conductive layer is disposed around a nonplanar substrate, where the patterned conductive layer is divided into a plurality of conductive islands by a groove that extends through a thickness of the conductive layer and traverses a perimeter of the substrate a plurality of times, and a groove extends through the thickness of the conductive layer and traverses a length of the substrate. A method of patterning a conductive layer disposed around a nonplanar substrate includes scribing the conductive layer thereby forming a continuous groove that traverses a perimeter of the conductive layer a plurality of times.
摘要:
Under one aspect, a nonplanar photovoltaic module having a length includes: (a) an elongated nonplanar substrate; and (b) a plurality of solar cells disposed on the elongated nonplanar substrate, wherein each solar cell in the plurality of solar cells is defined by (i) a plurality of grooves around the nonplanar photovoltaic module and (ii) a groove along the length of the photovoltaic module. In some embodiments, each groove of the plurality of grooves about the photovoltaic module, independently, has a repeating pattern, a non-repeating pattern, or is helical. In some embodiments, the module further includes a patterned conductor providing serial electrical communication between adjacent solar cells. In some embodiments, portions of the patterned conductor providing serial electrical communication between adjacent solar cells are within a groove of the plurality of grooves about the photovoltaic module.
摘要:
An apparatus is provided that has photovoltaic modules and a concentrator mechanically attached to a frame. Each module has (i) an outer shell defining an inner volume, (ii) a substrate in the inner volume, and (iii) a material on the substrate that converts light to electric energy. The outer shell allows light energy that strikes the shell to be directed towards the material. The concentrator has concentrator assemblies, each associated with a respective photovoltaic module. Each concentrator assembly comprises a first and second surface that form a concave structure that transmits light energy entering the concave structure to the associated photovoltaic module. The first and second surfaces each comprise substantially the shape of the involute of the particular photovoltaic module associated with the concentrator assembly. Each photovoltaic module extends from a first to a second support of the frame and is electrically coupled to an electric contact in the first support.
摘要:
A shaped particle beam writing strategy can be used to write a pattern with a particle beam onto a substrate. The pattern comprises a circuit design that is fractured into a plurality of arbitrary polygons. The writing strategy comprises transforming and fracturing the arbitrary polygons into a plurality of restricted polygons, each restricted polygon being represented by a location coordinate, at least two dimension coordinates, and at least one external edge indicator. Thereafter, the restricted polygons are tiled into a set of tiles comprising interior tiles and external edge tiles. Flash data is assigned for each tile such that the interior tiles are assigned a first flash area and the external edge tiles are assigned a second flash area that is smaller than the first flash area. The flash data is arranged in a selected order to write the pattern with a modulated particle beam, such as an electron beam, on a substrate.
摘要:
A method for generating a charged particle beam flash. The method includes computing an array of dose correction multipliers, based, at least in part, on a resist sensitivity correction factor, and computing a displacement vector to account for placement effects, such as resist charging. The displacement vector is defined as {right arrow over (δ)}c=dP{circle around (×)}{right arrow over (K)} , where {right arrow over (δ)}c—represents the displacement vector, d represents the array of dose correction multipliers, P represents pattern exposure data, {circle around (×)} represents a mathematical convolution operation, and {right arrow over (K)} represents a Poisson kernel converted to a spatial domain. The method further includes using the displacement vector to modify position of the charged particle beam flash.
摘要:
A system and method of determining shape and position corrections of a beam such as a particle or other beam used in a system such as a particle beam lithography. The method of providing corrected deflector voltages may include determining a voltage step value by subtracting a previous deflector voltage value with a current deflector voltage value; determining a plurality of correction values using the voltage step value and an exposure time for the current deflector voltage value; selecting a current voltage correction value from the plurality of correction values using the current deflector voltage value; and calculating a corrected deflector voltage value by adding the current voltage correction value to the current deflector voltage value.
摘要:
A three-legged solar cell apparatus for producing photovoltaic electricity has a solar panel and a three-legged structure. The three-legged structure can be a tripod-like assembly or three separate legs mounted to the solar panel.
摘要:
Improved systems, apparatus, and methods for detecting positions of moving stages and accurately compensating position error during operation (in “real time”) are provided. For some embodiments, rather than rely on two dimensional position measurements, measurements in at least three dimensions may be taken allowing compensation for pitch and roll and, therefore, more accurate position measurements. Further, by including a measurement of a beam column, compensation for movement of the beam may be performed.