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    Catalytic pyrolysis of solid biomass and related biofuels, aromatic, and olefin compounds
    83.
    发明授权
    Catalytic pyrolysis of solid biomass and related biofuels, aromatic, and olefin compounds 有权
    固体生物质和相关生物燃料，芳烃和烯烃化合物的催化裂解

    公开(公告)号：US08277643B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-10-02

    申请号：US12397303

    申请日：2009-03-03

    申请人： George W. Huber ,  Yu-Ting Cheng ,  Torren Carlson ,  Tushar Vispute ,  Jungho Jae ,  Geoff Tompsett

    发明人： George W. Huber ,  Yu-Ting Cheng ,  Torren Carlson ,  Tushar Vispute ,  Jungho Jae ,  Geoff Tompsett

    IPC分类号： C07C1/00

    CPC分类号： C10G1/002 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/305 ,  C10G2400/02 ,  C10G2400/20 ,  C10G2400/30 ,  Y02P30/42

    摘要： This invention relates to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product, and more specifically, to compositions and methods for fluid hydrocarbon product via catalytic pyrolysis. Some embodiments relate to methods for the production of specific aromatic products (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, etc.) via catalytic pyrolysis. Some such methods may involve the use of a composition comprising a mixture of a solid hydrocarbonaceous material and a heterogeneous pyrolytic catalyst component. In some embodiments, the mixture may be pyrolyzed at high temperatures (e.g., between 500° C. and 1000° C.). The pyrolysis may be conducted for an amount of time at least partially sufficient for production of discrete, identifiable biofuel compounds. Some embodiments involve heating the mixture of catalyst and hydrocarbonaceous material at high rates (e.g., from about 50° C. per second to about 1000° C. per second). The methods described herein may also involve the use of specialized catalysts. For example, in some cases, zeolite catalysts may be used; optionally, the catalysts used herein may have high silica to alumina molar ratios. In some instances, the composition fed to the pyrolysis reactor may have a relatively high catalyst to hydrocarbonaceous material mass ratio (e.g., from about 5:1 to about 20:1).

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及流体烃产物的组合物和方法，更具体地说，涉及通过催化裂解的流化烃产物的组合物和方法。 一些实施方案涉及通过催化热解生产特定芳族产物（例如苯，甲苯，萘，二甲苯等）的方法。 一些这样的方法可以涉及使用包含固体烃类材料和非均相热解催化剂组分的混合物的组合物。 在一些实施方案中，混合物可在高温（例如500℃至1000℃）之间热解。 热解可以进行至少部分足以产生离散的，可识别的生物燃料化合物的时间量。 一些实施方案涉及以高速率（例如，每秒约50℃至约1000℃/秒）加热催化剂和含烃材料的混合物。 本文所述的方法还可以涉及使用专门的催化剂。 例如，在某些情况下，可以使用沸石催化剂; 任选地，本文使用的催化剂可具有高二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比。 在一些情况下，进料到热解反应器的组合物可具有相对较高的催化剂与烃质量比（例如约5:1至约20:1）。

    Method for producing unsaturated organic compound
    85.
    发明授权
    Method for producing unsaturated organic compound 有权
    不饱和有机化合物的制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US08237002B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-08-07

    申请号：US12989900

    申请日：2009-04-28

    申请人： Taku Asaumi ,  Takashi Kamikawa

    发明人： Taku Asaumi ,  Takashi Kamikawa

    IPC分类号： C07C1/00 ,  C07C1/20

    CPC分类号： C07C1/321 ,  C07B37/04 ,  C07C17/263 ,  C07C41/30 ,  C07C45/68 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C209/68 ,  C07C253/30 ,  C07C2603/24 ,  C07D215/04 ,  C07D215/18 ,  C07D333/08 ,  C07D333/28 ,  C07C15/28 ,  C07C15/24 ,  C07C25/18 ,  C07C43/205 ,  C07C47/546 ,  C07C211/45 ,  C07C255/50

    摘要： A method for producing an unsaturated organic compound represented by the formula (3): (Y1)m-1—R1—R2—(Y2)n-1  (3) wherein Y1 represents R2 or X1, and Y2 represents R1 or B(X2)2, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (1): R1(X1)m  (1) wherein R1 represents an aromatic group or the like, X1 represents a leaving group and m represents 1 or 2, with a compound represented by the formula (2): R2{B(X2)2}n  (2) wherein R2 represents an aromatic group or the like, X2 represents a hydroxyl group or the like, and n represents 1 or 2, in the presence of (a) a nickel compound selected from a nickel carboxylate, nickel nitrate and a nickel halide, (b) a phosphine compound such as 1,4-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino) butane, (c) an amine selected from a primary amine and a diamine such as N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, and (d) an inorganic base.

    摘要翻译： 由式（3）表示的不饱和有机化合物的制造方法：（Y1）m-1-R1-R2-（Y2）n-1（3）其中Y1表示R2或X1，Y2表示R1或B（ X2）2，其包括使式（1）表示的化合物：R1（X1）m（1）其中R1表示芳族基团等，X1表示离去基团，m表示1或2，与化合物 由式（2）表示：R2 {B（X2）2} n（2）其中R2表示芳族基团等，X2表示羟基等，n表示1或2，在 （a）选自镍羧酸盐，硝酸镍和卤化镍的镍化合物，（b）膦化合物如1,4-双（二环己基膦基）丁烷，（c）选自伯胺和二胺的胺 例如N，N，N'，N'-四甲基-1,2-乙二胺，和（d）无机碱。

    High energy efficiency biomass conversion process
    87.
    发明授权
    High energy efficiency biomass conversion process 有权
    高能效生物质转化过程

    公开(公告)号：US08198493B1

    公开(公告)日：2012-06-12

    申请号：US13400795

    申请日：2012-02-21

    申请人： Andrew D. Livingston ,  Bijoy J. Thomas

    发明人： Andrew D. Livingston ,  Bijoy J. Thomas

    IPC分类号： C07C1/00 ,  C10L5/00 ,  C10B1/00

    CPC分类号： C10B53/02 ,  C10B47/30 ,  C10B57/02 ,  C10L9/08 ,  C10L9/083 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02E50/15 ,  Y02E50/30

    摘要： Improved, fuel-efficient systems are provided for the processing of biomass, such as wood or crop residues, food waste or animal waste in order to selectively obtain thermally processed final products, such as a combination of torrefied and carbonized final products. The processes involve thermally drying incoming biomass using a dryer employing the hot gas output of a fuel-operated burner. Next, the dried product is torrefied in an indirect torrefaction reactor so as to evolve light volatile organic compounds which are used as a gaseous fuel source for the burner. Some or all of the torrefied product can be recovered, or some or all of the torrefied product is then directed to a separate carbonization reactor coupled with a reactor burner. Carbonization serves to remove most of the remaining VOCs which are used as a gaseous fuel input to the dryer.

    摘要翻译： 提供改进的燃料效率系统用于处理生物质，例如木材或作物残余物，食物废物或动物废物，以选择性地获得热加工的最终产品，例如焙烧和碳化的最终产品的组合。 该方法涉及使用燃料操作的燃烧器的热气体输出的干燥器来热干燥进入的生物质。 接下来，将干燥的产品在间接烘焙反应器中烘焙，以释放用作燃烧器的气体燃料源的轻质挥发性有机化合物。 可以回收部分或全部的烘焙产品，或者将一部分或全部烘焙产品导入与反应器燃烧器连接的单独的碳化反应器。 碳化用于去除大部分用作向干燥器输入的气体燃料的VOC。