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公开(公告)号：US4942574A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-17
申请号：US175695
申请日：1988-03-31
申请人： Bruce R. Zelle
发明人： Bruce R. Zelle
摘要： A high capacity metropolitan area network (MAN) is described. Data traffic from users is connected to data concentrators at the edge of the network, and is transmitted over fiber optic data links to a hub where the data is switched. The hub includes a plurality of data switching modules, each having a control means, and each connected to a distributed control space division switch. Advantageously, the data switching modules, whose inputs are connected to the concentrators, perform all checking and routing functions, while the 1024.times.1024 maximum size space division switch, whose outputs are connected to the concentrators, provides a large fan-out distribution network for reaching many concentrators from each data switching module. The data switching modules chain groups of incoming packets destined for a common outlet of the space division switch so that only one connection in that switch is required for transmitting each group of chained packets from a data switching module to a concentrator. MAN provides security features including a port identification supplied by the data concentrators, and a check that each packet is from an authorized source user, transmitting on a port associated with that user, to an authorized destination user that is in the same group (virtual network) as the source user.In accordance with one enbodiment of the invention, a data ring communicates space division switch outlet availability to each of the data switching modules in turn, in order to resolve the contention among these modules for a particular outlet. Each data switching module maintains a list of outlets for which it has accumulated a group of at least one packet destined for that outlet; a data switching module then seizes an available outlet by marking that outlet unavailable in the data communicated by the data ring.
摘要翻译： 描述了高容量城域网（MAN）。 来自用户的数据流量连接到网络边缘的数据集中器，并通过光纤数据链路传输到数据交换的集线器。 集线器包括多个数据交换模块，每个数据交换模块具有控制装置，并且每个数据交换模块分别连接到分布式控制分区开关。 有利的是，其输入连接到集中器的数据交换模块执行所有的检查和布线功能，而1024×1024最大尺寸的空分开关（其输出端连接到集中器）提供了一个大的扇出分配网络来达到许多 每个数据交换模块的集中器。 数据交换模块链接到分组交换机的公共出口的输入分组的组，使得需要该交换机中的一个连接来将每组链接分组从数据交换模块传送到集中器。 MAN提供安全功能，包括由数据集中器提供的端口标识，以及检查每个数据包来自授权的源用户，在与该用户相关联的端口上传输到同一组中的授权目标用户（虚拟网络 ）作为源用户。 根据本发明的一个实施例，数据环依次将空分开关插座可用性传送给每个数据交换模块，以便解决用于特定插座的这些模块之间的争用。 每个数据交换模块维护其已经积累了一组至少一个目的地为该出口的分组的出口列表; 数据交换模块然后通过标记由数据环传送的数据中不可用的出口来占用可用插座。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4914081A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-03
申请号：US144832
申请日：1988-01-15
申请人： Barry Miller , Joseph M. Rosamilia
发明人： Barry Miller , Joseph M. Rosamilia
CPC分类号： H01L39/2474 , C25D7/0607 , H01L39/247 , Y10S505/81 , Y10S505/813 , Y10S505/818 , Y10S505/821
摘要： Processes are described for electroplating metal or alloy on superconducting oxides using either a nonaqueous bath or aqueous bath with suitably applied potential. Articles made in accordance with the electroplating process are also described.
摘要翻译： 描述了使用具有适当施加电位的非水浴或水浴使超导氧化物上的电镀金属或合金的方法。 还描述了根据电镀工艺制成的制品。
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公开(公告)号：US4912347A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-27
申请号：US089284
申请日：1987-08-25
申请人： Bernard L. Morris
发明人： Bernard L. Morris
IPC分类号： H03K19/00 , H03K19/013 , H03K19/0175 , H03K19/08 , H03K19/0944 , H03K19/0948
CPC分类号： H03K19/09448 , H03K19/0136 , H03K19/017518
摘要： A circuit is disclosed which converts CMOS logic input signals to ECL output signals. A pair of FETs, arranged as a conventional CMOS inverter, responds to the CMOS logic input signals and drives a bipolar transistor operating as a voltage follower. The emitter of the bipolar transistor serves as the output of the buffer providing the ECL output signals. A resistor having a predetermined resistance couples between a voltage source and the base of the bipolar transistor. First one of the pair of FETs couples a constant current source to the resistor and the base of the bipolar transistor when the buffer is supplying an ECL logical "zero" logic signal. The current from the current source passing through the resistor establishes the ECL logical "zero" output voltage. Second one of the pair of FETs shunts the resistor when the buffer is supplying an ECL logical "one" output, allowing faster transitioning of the output of the buffer from an ECL logical "zero" to a logical "one". Further, the current from the current source compensates for variations in the resistance of the resistor to assure a substantially constant difference between the ECL logical "one" and the ECL logical "zero" output voltages with variations in the resistance of the resistor from the manufacture thereof.
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公开(公告)号：US4910452A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-20
申请号：US352797
申请日：1989-05-16
CPC分类号： H01F7/064 , C04B35/265
摘要： Efficient high frequency operation of magnetic devices is achieved by utilizing ferrites that have a low power dissipation hysteresis characteristic and by designing these magnetic devices to operate within an operational range where all applied magnetic forces to the magnetic core have a substantially linear constant permeability response. Within this operational range the hysteresis loop of the selected ferrite material approximates an ellipse with very little area encompassed between the increasing and decreasing B-H locus of the hysteresis loop. The cyclic energy dissipation is significantly reduced as compared to conventional magnetic operations and high frequency operation can be achieved with very high efficiencies.
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公开(公告)号：US4904043A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-27
申请号：US207342
申请日：1988-06-15
申请人： Rudolph C. Schweizer
发明人： Rudolph C. Schweizer
CPC分类号： G02B6/29362 , G02B6/2937 , G02B6/4246
摘要： A dual wavelength optical coupler is disclosed which provides either bidirectional or unidirectional communication at different wavelengths over a single fiber. The coupler utilizes a dichroic filter and a set of three lenses to achieve dual wavelength communication. Additional blocking filters may be incorporated to decrease the degree of optical crosstalk present in the system.
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6.发明授权Apparatus including resonant-tunneling device having multiple-peak current-voltage characteristics 失效具有多峰电流 - 电压特性的谐振隧穿装置的装置
公开(公告)号：US4902912A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-20
申请号：US366340
申请日：1989-06-13
申请人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Y. Cho , Susanta Sen , Masakazu Shoji , Deborah Sivco
发明人： Federico Capasso , Alfred Y. Cho , Susanta Sen , Masakazu Shoji , Deborah Sivco
CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 , B82Y30/00 , G11C11/56 , H01L29/7606 , H01L29/882 , H03B19/16 , G11C2211/5614
摘要： A semiconductor integrated resonant-tunneling device having multiple negative-resistance regions, and having essentially equal current peaks in such regions, is useful as a highly compact element, e.g., in apparatus designed for ternary logic operations, frequency multiplication, waveform scrambling, memory operation, parity-bit generation, and coaxial-line driving. The device can be made by layer deposition on a substrate and includes a resonant-tunneling structure between contacts such that side-by-side first and third contacts are on one side, and a second contact is on the opposite side of the resonant-tunneling structure.
摘要翻译： 具有多个负电阻区域并且在这些区域中具有基本相等的电流峰值的半导体集成谐振隧道装置可用作高度紧凑的元件，例如在设计用于三元逻辑运算，倍频，波形加扰，存储器操作 奇偶校验位产生和同轴线驱动。 该器件可以通过在衬底上的层沉积制成，并且包括在触点之间的谐振隧穿结构，使得并排的第一和第三触点在一侧，并且第二触点位于谐振隧道的相反侧 结构体。
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公开(公告)号：US4899335A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-06
申请号：US287775
申请日：1988-12-21
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L49/1507 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/3018
摘要： A network architecture of the sort-then-expand type for routing packets including destination information is disclosed. The network includes a distribution stage comprising a plurality of input sorts units, an intermediate stage comprising a plurality of intermediate sort units and an output stage comprising a plurality of output switches. The input sort units each distribute a plurality of packets to the intermediate sort units such that each intermediate sort unit receives approximately the same number of packets destined for each output switch as the other intermediate sort units. Each intermediate sort unit identifies packet groups for a common output switch and connects the groups to the destination output switch. Each destination output switch merges the received groups of packets and distributes them to output ports.
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4899333A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-06
申请号：US175542
申请日：1988-03-31
申请人： Gary A. Roediger
发明人： Gary A. Roediger
摘要： A high capacity metropolitan area network (MAN) is described. Data traffic from users is connected to data concentrators at the edge of the network, and is transmitted over fiber optic data links to a hub where the data is switched. The hub includes a plurality of data switching modules, each having a control means, and each connected to a distributed control space division switch. Advantageously, the data switching modules, whose inputs are connected to the concentrators, perform all checking and routing functions, while the 1024.times.1024 maximum size space division switch, whose outputs are connected to the concentrators, provides a large fan-out distribution network for reaching many concentrators from each data switching module. Distributed control of the space division switch permits several million connection and disconnection actions to be performed each second, while the pipelined and parallel operation within the control means permits each of the 256 switching modules to process at least 50,000 transactions per second. The data switching modules chain groups of incoming packets destined for a common outlet of the space division switch so that only one connection in that switch is required for transmitting each group of chained packets from a data switching module to a concentrator. MAN provides security features including a port identification supplied by the data concentrators, and a check that each packet is from an authorized source user, transmitting on a port associated with that user, to an authorized destination user that is in the same group (virtual network) as the source user.
摘要翻译： 描述了高容量城域网（MAN）。 来自用户的数据流量连接到网络边缘的数据集中器，并通过光纤数据链路传输到数据交换的集线器。 集线器包括多个数据交换模块，每个数据交换模块具有控制装置，并且每个数据交换模块分别连接到分布式控制分区开关。 有利的是，其输入连接到集中器的数据交换模块执行所有的检查和布线功能，而1024×1024最大尺寸的空分开关（其输出端连接到集中器）提供了一个大的扇出分配网络来达到许多 每个数据交换模块的集中器。 空分开关的分布式控制允许每秒执行几百万次连接和断开动作，而控制装置内的流水线和并联操作允许256个开关模块中的每一个处理每秒至少50,000个事务。 数据交换模块链接到分组交换机的公共出口的输入分组的组，使得需要该交换机中的一个连接来将每组链接分组从数据交换模块传送到集中器。 MAN提供安全功能，包括由数据集中器提供的端口标识，以及检查每个数据包来自授权的源用户，在与该用户相关联的端口上传输到同一组中的授权目标用户（虚拟网络 ）作为源用户。
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公开(公告)号：US4897874A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-30
申请号：US175548
申请日：1988-03-31
CPC分类号： H04L63/0272 , H04L12/2852 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04L63/083 , H04L63/10 , H04L63/123
摘要： A high capacity metropolitan area network (MAN) is described. Data traffic from users is connected to data concentrators at the edge of the network, and is transmitted over fiber optic data links to a hub where the data is switched. The hub includes a plurality of data switching modules, each having a control means, and each connected to a distributed control space division switch. Advantageously, the data switching modules, whose inputs are connected to the concentrators, perform all checking and routing functions, while the 1024.times.1024 maximum size space division switch, whose outputs are connected to the concentrators, provides a large fan-out distribution network for reaching many concentrators from each data switching module. Distributed control of the space division switch permits several million connection and disconnection actions to be performed each second, while the pipelined and parallel operation within the control means permits each of the 256 switching modules to process at least 50,000 transactions per second. The data switching modules chain groups of incoming packets destined for a common outlet of the space division switch so that only one connection in that switch is required for transmitting each group of chained packets from a data switching module to a concentrator. MAN provides security features including a port identification supplied by the data concentrators, and a check that each packet is from an authorized source user, transmitting on a port associated with that user, to an authorized destination user that is in the same group (virtual network) as the source user.
摘要翻译： 描述了高容量城域网（MAN）。 来自用户的数据流量连接到网络边缘的数据集中器，并通过光纤数据链路传输到数据交换的集线器。 集线器包括多个数据交换模块，每个数据交换模块具有控制装置，并且每个数据交换模块分别连接到分布式控制分区开关。 有利的是，其输入连接到集中器的数据交换模块执行所有的检查和布线功能，而1024×1024最大尺寸的空分开关（其输出端连接到集中器）提供了一个大的扇出分配网络来达到许多 每个数据交换模块的集中器。 空分开关的分布式控制允许每秒执行几百万次连接和断开动作，而控制装置内的流水线和并联操作允许256个开关模块中的每一个处理每秒至少50,000个事务。 数据交换模块链接到分组交换机的公共出口的输入分组的组，使得需要该交换机中的一个连接来将每组链接分组从数据交换模块传送到集中器。 MAN提供安全功能，包括由数据集中器提供的端口标识，以及检查每个数据包来自授权的源用户，在与该用户相关联的端口上传输到同一组中的授权目标用户（虚拟网络 ）作为源用户。
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10.发明授权Test circuit for measuring specific contact resistivity of self-aligned contacts in integrated circuits 失效用于测量集成电路中自对准触点的特定接触电阻的测试电路
公开(公告)号：US4896108A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-23
申请号：US224512
申请日：1988-07-25
申请人： William T. Lynch , Kwok K. Ng
发明人： William T. Lynch , Kwok K. Ng
CPC分类号： H01L22/34 , G01R27/14 , G01R31/275 , H01L2924/3011
摘要： A test circuit is described for measuring the specific contact resistivity r.sub.c of self-aligned electrodes contacting underlying diffused regions at a major surface of an underlying semiconductor wafer, as well as the sheet (lateral) resistance r.sub.s of the underlying diffused regions in some embodiments. The test circuit illustratively includes a pair of test MOS or other type of transistors advantageously made by a self-aligned metallization process simultaneously with the other MOS or other type of transistors to be tested. The two test transistors share a common diffused region, a self-aligned common controlled electrode contacting a diffused region underneath it, and a common control electrode. During test operation, both est transistors are kept ON by means of an applied above-threshold control voltage, while a current source forces current through one of the transistors. The resulting voltage, developed across the common controlled electrode and the controlled electrode of the other transistor is a measure of the specific contact resistivity thereat.
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