公开(公告)号：US4583023A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-15

申请号：US633602

申请日：1984-07-23

Applicant: Herbert W. Friedman ,  Dennis A. Reilly

Inventor： Herbert W. Friedman ,  Dennis A. Reilly

IPC: H01J3/02 ,  H01J11/04

CPC classification number: H01J3/024

Abstract: A preferably fully impregnated dispenser cathode member or the like forming part of an electron tube, electron beam generator or the like is initially heated by any suitable means to a temperature sufficient for low level electron emission from its rear surface. A hot plate member of preferably equal size is disposed behind the cathode and can either be part of or the means for initially heating the cathode member or it can be heated with the cathode member to the aforementioned cathode member's rear surface low level emission temperature. A sustainer voltage is applied between the cathode member and the hot plate member sufficient to draw a current comprising electron flow from the cathode member to the hot plate member across the space separating them. This current flow or back electron beam results in heating of the hot plate member to a temperature sufficient to raise the closely spaced cathode member to, and then maintain it at, the desired emission temperature and simultaneously allow timely termination of the initial heating process since it is needed only initially.

Abstract translation: 形成电子管，电子束发生器等的一部分的优选的完全浸渍的分配器阴极部件等最初被任何合适的装置加热至足以从其后表面进行低电平发射的温度。 优选地相同尺寸的热板构件设置在阴极的后面，并且可以是用于初始加热阴极构件的一部分或者用于初始加热阴极构件的装置，或者它可以被阴极构件加热到上述阴极构件的背面低水平发射温度。 在阴极构件和热板构件之间施加足够的持续电压，以将包括电子流的电流从阴极构件拉出到热板构件，并跨越隔开它们的空间。 该电流或背电子束导致热板构件的加热到足以使紧密排列的阴极构件升高并随后保持在所需发射温度的温度，并同时允许及时终止初始加热过程，因为它 仅在最初才需要

公开(公告)号：US4518232A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-21

申请号：US525868

申请日：1983-08-24

Applicant: Dominique M. Dagenais

Inventor： Dominique M. Dagenais

IPC: B23K26/073 ,  G02B27/09 ,  G02B5/10

CPC classification number: G02B27/0927 ,  B23K26/073 ,  G02B27/09 ,  G02B27/0983

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transforming an obscured beam into a uniform intensity pattern at the image plane of the apparatus are described. Apparatus for carrying out the invention comprises two on-axis optical elements which are designed for stigmatic imaging of an incoming obscured parallel laser beam. The first element, a paraboloid mirror, forms an imaginary stigmatic image of the beam at its focal point. The second element, a multi-faceted mirror, comprises identical flat facets disposed on an ellipsoid envelope. The ellipsoid conjugates the focal point of the paraboloid and the image plane. Selection of an image shape and dimension defines the shape and dimension of the facets. Each facet's contribution to the image is a full scale centered spot. The contribution of each facet add up to form a final uniform image. Slight variation of the image dimension, from facet to facet, allows a roll-off of the image and compensates for diffraction ripples by the edges of the facets.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种用于将遮蔽光束变换为设备图像平面处的均匀强度图案的方法和装置。 用于实施本发明的装置包括两个轴上光学元件，其被设计用于对输入的模糊平行激光束进行静态成像。 第一个元素，一个抛物面反射镜，在其焦点处形成了一个假想的眩光图像。 第二元件，多面镜，包括设置在椭圆形包络上的相同平面。 椭圆体将抛物面的焦点和图像平面共轭。 图像形状和尺寸的选择定义了刻面的形状和尺寸。 每个方面对形象的贡献是一个全面的中心点。 每个方面的贡献加起来形成最终的统一图像。 图像尺寸从面到面的微小变化允许图像滚降，并通过刻面的边缘补偿衍射波纹。

公开(公告)号：US4476374A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-09

申请号：US460157

申请日：1983-01-24

Applicant: Joseph P. Saggese

Inventor： Joseph P. Saggese

IPC: B23K26/02 ,  B23K26/067 ,  B23K37/04 ,  B23K27/00

CPC classification number: B23K26/067 ,  B23K26/02 ,  B23K37/04

Abstract: A rotary indexing device for indexing a member, such as a shaft, into operative working positions in which the shaft carries a plurality of indexing arms for selecting different working positions. Final positioning means for each indexing arm comprising a solenoid actuated, pneumatic operated pin for engaging the indexing arm and effects final adjustment of the indexing arm which is brought to approximately its proper position by a servo-motor. Means are also provided to provide positive confirmation that each step of the indexing operation has been properly completed to insure that the shaft has been rotated to and is in its proper position.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将诸如轴的构件转位到操作工作位置的旋转分度装置，其中所述轴承载用于选择不同工作位置的多个分度臂。 用于每个分度臂的最终定位装置包括用于接合分度臂的螺线管致动的气动操作销，并且通过伺服电动机实现分度臂的最终调节，分度臂达到其适当的位置。 还提供了用于提供分度操作的每个步骤已经被正确完成以确保轴已经旋转到并处于其适当位置的肯定的确认。

公开(公告)号：US4401726A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-30

申请号：US332964

申请日：1981-12-21

Applicant: Daniel S. Gnanamuthu

Inventor： Daniel S. Gnanamuthu

IPC: B23K35/28 ,  B23K35/30 ,  C23C26/02 ,  B05D3/06

CPC classification number: C23C26/02 ,  B23K35/286 ,  B23K35/3093 ,  Y10T428/12458

Abstract: Properties of the surface of low melting substrate parts including low melting, high conductivity reactive metal parts, are modified by forming an alloy casing thereon having the metal of the substrate as a first (matrix) component thereof together with a higher melting material as the second (reinforcing) component. The higher melting component is coated on the substrate, melted under laser heating, with gas shielding to avoid oxidation, and mixed with a melted portion of the substrate through convective circulation and the mixture is rapidly cooled to produce the alloy casing. Then the casing may be rescanned with the laser beam to rapidly melt and resolidify the casing with refined grain structure. Such grain refining may also be applied to uncoated substrates.

Abstract translation: 包括低熔点，高导电性的反应性金属部件的低熔点基材部分的表面的性质通过在其上形成合金壳体而进行改性，其上具有基材的金属作为第一（基体）组分以及较高熔点的材料作为第二 （增强）成分。 将更高熔点的组分涂覆在基材上，在激光加热下熔融，气体屏蔽以避免氧化，并通过对流循环与基材的熔融部分混合，并将混合物快速冷却以产生合金外壳。 然后可以用激光束重新扫描外壳，以精细的晶粒结构快速熔化并重新固化套管。 这种晶粒细化也可以应用于未涂覆的基底。

公开(公告)号：US4396580A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-02

申请号：US245191

申请日：1981-03-18

Applicant: Richard M. Patrick ,  Charles C. Stewart

Inventor： Richard M. Patrick ,  Charles C. Stewart

IPC: B01D53/60 ,  A61L9/18 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01D53/74 ,  B01J19/08 ,  C02F1/30 ,  F15D1/06

CPC classification number: F15D1/06 ,  B01J19/081

Abstract: In an apparatus for treatment of a process flow by beams of ionizing radiant energy, drag elements are provided for slowing flow velocity to achieve equal treatment of all portions of the process flow.

Abstract translation: 在用于通过电离辐射能量束处理工艺流程的装置中，提供阻力元件用于减慢流速以实现对工艺流程的所有部分的相等处理。

公开(公告)号：US4278446A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-14

申请号：US44354

申请日：1979-05-31

Applicant: Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  David B. Stickler ,  Richard E. Gannon

Inventor： Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  David B. Stickler ,  Richard E. Gannon

IPC: C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S48/04

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gasification of carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is disclosed. A stream of previously produced char, preferably produced from coal, or other fuel together with an oxidizer and steam is introduced into a first or combustion stage. The combustion gas produced by the combustion passes into a second or gasification stage and through a nozzle at at least sonic velocity. Pulverized carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is introduced and dispersed in the combustion gas in the gasification stage. The temperature, velocity and velocity changes principally of the gas in the gasification stage are controlled to provide a heating rate for the particles of pulverized carbonaceous matter of at least about 10.sup.5 degrees Kelvin per second, and to effect rapid removal of volatile components from the immediate vicinity of the particles. Upon substantial gasification of the particles in the gasification stage, the resultant product stream may be quenched, the char removed, and preferably at least a portion thereof introduced into the combustion stage.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于气化碳质物质，优选煤的方法和装置。 将先前生产的炭，优选由煤或其他燃料与氧化剂和蒸汽一起引入到第一或燃烧阶段。 由燃烧产生的燃烧气体以至少的声速进入第二或气化阶段并通过喷嘴。 将粉化的碳质物质，优选煤引入并分散在气化阶段的燃烧气体中。 控制气化阶段中主要气体的温度，速度和速度变化，以提供每秒至少约105开氏度的粉碎碳质物质颗粒的加热速率，并使挥发性成分从即时 颗粒附近。 在气化阶段中颗粒实质气化之后，所得产物流可被淬火，除去焦炭，优选至少部分被引入燃烧阶段。

公开(公告)号：US4278445A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-14

申请号：US44020

申请日：1979-05-31

Applicant: David B. Stickler ,  Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  Richard E. Gannon

Inventor： David B. Stickler ,  Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  Richard E. Gannon

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/50

CPC classification number: C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1606 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  Y10S48/04

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gasification of carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is disclosed. In one embodiment, a stream of previously produced char, preferably produced from coal or other fuel, together with an oxidizer and steam is introduced into a combustion stage. The combustion gas produced by the combustion passes into a mixing zone and thence with high turbulence into a gasification zone or stage at subsonic velocity. Pulverized carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is introduced and dispersed in the combustion gas in the mixing zone. The temperature, velocity and velocity changes principally of the gas in the gasification zone or stage are controlled to provide a heating rate for the particles of pulverized carbonaceous matter of at least about 10.sup.5 degrees Kelvin per second, and to effect rapid removal of volatile components from the immediate vicinity of the particles. Upon substantial gasification of the particles in the gasification stage, the resultant product stream may be quenched, the char removed, and preferably at least a portion thereof introduced into the combustion stage.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于气化碳质物质，优选煤的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中，将优选由煤或其它燃料产生的先前生产的焦炭与氧化剂和蒸汽一起引入燃烧阶段。 由燃烧产生的燃烧气体进入混合区，从而将高湍流进入气化区或亚音速阶段。 粉碎的碳质物质，优选煤，被引入并分散在混合区中的燃烧气体中。 控制气化区或阶段中主要气体的温度，速度和速度变化，为每秒至少约105开氏度的粉碎碳质物质颗粒提供加热速率，并实现快速去除挥发性成分 颗粒附近。 在气化阶段中颗粒实质气化之后，所得产物流可被淬火，除去焦炭，优选至少部分被引入燃烧阶段。

公开(公告)号：US4203078A

公开(公告)日：1980-05-13

申请号：US794401

申请日：1977-05-06

Applicant: Jack D. Daugherty ,  Jonah H. Jacob ,  Joseph A. Mangano

Inventor： Jack D. Daugherty ,  Jonah H. Jacob ,  Joseph A. Mangano

IPC: H01S3/097 ,  H01S3/225

CPC classification number: H01S3/225 ,  H01S3/09707

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of operating a laser wherein a discharge is produced preferably in a high pressure lasing gaseous mixture comprising at least one suitable first gaseous species capable of providing an excited state which has a finite probability of being ionized and a molecular second gaseous species having a capability for attaching electrons to form negative ions. The gaseous mixture may, for example, comprise argon, neon, helium, xenon, krypton or a metal vapor such as mercury as the first species and, for example, hydrogen iodide, carbon tetrachloride, bromine, iodine or fluorine as the second species. A buffer gas such as, for example, argon, helium or neon may also be used. The discharge is produced by means of an electron beam and an electric field. The discharge resulting from the application of the electric field heats secondary electrons produced by the electron beam to an energy level sufficient to make excited states. Thus, for a mixture comprising argon, krypton and fluorine, for example, the heated secondary electrons pump at least some of the argon and the krypton to the metastable state. The excited argon transfers energy to the krypton to form additional excited krypton which, in turn, reacts with the fluorine to form excited krypton fluoride molecules. The krypton fluoride then dissociates or decays upon the emission of spontaneous or stimulated radiation. At power input levels where the electron density remains constant in time for a constant electric field, efficient discharge pumping of the excited states is provided when the fractional excited state population is kept small. Stable discharge operation is achieved when the lasing mixture contains an amount of the second species gas sufficient to provide an attachment rate n times the equilibrium ionization rate where n is the number of electron excitations which causes ionization of the first species.

公开(公告)号：US4123798A

公开(公告)日：1978-10-31

申请号：US857314

申请日：1977-12-05

Applicant: Francis J. Cook ,  Frederick E. Kline

Inventor： Francis J. Cook ,  Frederick E. Kline

IPC: G11C11/23 ,  G11C8/00

CPC classification number: G11C11/23

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for providing a high-density memory for electrical data and more particularly, to such a memory wherein data are represented by patterns of charge written and read by electron beam means at addressed locations.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于提供用于电数据的高密度存储器的装置和方法，更具体地说，涉及这样一种存储器，其中数据由在寻址位置处由电子束装置写入和读取的电荷模式表示。

公开(公告)号：US4092405A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-30

申请号：US691473

申请日：1976-06-01

Applicant: Charles W. von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  James J. Ewing ,  Robert E. Center ,  Hao-Lin Chen

Inventor： Charles W. von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  James J. Ewing ,  Robert E. Center ,  Hao-Lin Chen

IPC: B01J19/08 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01B5/02 ,  B01K1/00 ,  C01B1/00

CPC classification number: C01B4/00 ,  B01J19/088

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for non-equilibrium chemical kinetic separation of deuterium from hydrogen are described wherein hydrogen with its normal abundance of deuterium and an appropriate reactant, bromine, are supplied to a deuterium reaction vessel wherein they are vibrationally excited by, for example, being exposed to a volumetrically scalable ionizing-sustainer electrical discharge effective to provide vibrational excitation of the H.sub.2 and HD following which selective intermolecular vibration-vibration energy pumping occurs giving conditions effective to produce an HBr/DBr product mixture. The ionizing-sustainer discharge is effective to generate vibrational excitation from which follows chemical reactions that produce DBr and HBr at such relative rates that the mixture is enhanced in deuterium content relative to said content of the entering hydrogen stream. For the production of heavy water, the DBr and HBr are then dissolved in water. This water is then reacted with oxygen to chemically separate the bromine and the bromine is removed to leave water enriched in deuterium. Additional DBr/HBr product mixture is then dissolved in this deuterium enriched water and the process repeated to produce water having the deuterium content of the product DBr/HBr.

Abstract translation: 描述了氘与氢的非平衡化学动力学分离的方法和装置，其中具有其正常氘丰度的氢和适当的反应物溴的氢气被供应到氘反应容器，其中它们被振动激发，例如， 暴露于有效地提供H 2和HD的振动激发的体积可扩展的电离 - 持续电放电，随后选择性分子间振动 - 振动能量泵送产生有效产生HBr / DBr产物混合物的条件。 电离维持剂放电有效地产生振动激发，其中随后产生DBr和HBr的化学反应以相对于相对于入口氢气流的所述含量的氘含量增加的相对速率。 对于生产重水，然后将DBr和HBr溶解在水中。 然后将该水与氧反应以化学分离溴，除去溴以留下富含氘的水。 然后将另外的DBr / HBr产物混合物溶解在富氘水中，并重复该过程以产生具有产物DBr / HBr的氘含量的水。