公开(公告)号：US6097394A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-01

申请号：US848569

申请日：1997-04-28

申请人： Marc Levoy ,  Pat Hanrahan

发明人： Marc Levoy ,  Pat Hanrahan

IPC分类号： G02B27/22 ,  G06T17/00 ,  G06T15/00

CPC分类号： G06T17/00 ,  G02B27/2271 ,  H04N13/0232

摘要： Described is a simple and robust method and system for generating new views from arbitrary camera positions without depth information or feature matching, simply by combining and resampling the available images. This technique interprets input images as two-dimensional slices of a four dimensional function--the light field. This function completely characterizes the flow of light through unobstructed space in a static scene with fixed illumination. A sampled representation for light fields allows for both efficient creation and display of inward and outward looking views. Light fields may be created from large arrays of both rendered and digitized image. The latter are acquired with a video camera mounted on a computer-controlled gantry. Once a light field has been created, new views may be constructed in real time by extracting slices in appropriate directions. Also described is a compression system that is able to compress generated light fields by more than a factor of 100:1 with very little loss of fidelity. Issues of antialiasing during creation and resampling during slice extraction are also addressed.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种简单而可靠的方法和系统，用于通过组合和重新采样可用图像来生成来自任意摄像机位置的新视图，无需深度信息或特征匹配。 该技术将输入图像解释为四维功能的二维切片 - 光场。 该功能通过固定照明的静态场景中的无障碍空间完全表征光的流动。 用于光场的采样表示允许有效地创建和显示向内和向外观看的视图。 光场可以由渲染和数字化图像的大阵列创建。 后者采用安装在计算机控制台架上的摄像机进行采集。 一旦创建了光场，就可以通过在适当的方向上提取切片来实时构建新视图。 还描述了一种能够以非常小的保真度损失将生成的光场压缩超过100:1的压缩系统。 在切片提取期间的创建和重采样期间的抗锯齿问题也被解决。

公开(公告)号：US5610734A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-11

申请号：US386257

申请日：1995-02-09

申请人： Abraham Aharoni ,  Joseph W. Goodman ,  Yaakov Amitai

发明人： Abraham Aharoni ,  Joseph W. Goodman ,  Yaakov Amitai

IPC分类号： G02B5/32 ,  G02B5/04 ,  G11B7/00

CPC分类号： G02B5/32

摘要： An optical system is disclosed which focuses a polychromatic source to an extended focal pencil. The implementation makes use of two holographic optical elements (HOEs) fabricated and aligned to form a deliberate longitudinal color dispersion, but to alleviate lateral chromatic effects. Consequently, the HOE doublet focuses different wavelengths of the source to different locations along the optical axis. The strong intensity of the focused wavelengths dominate at each location, so that the overall beam has a near-diffraction-limited 1/e.sup.2 spot size and suffers only relatively weak background illumination. An alternative optical system using bulk lenses and several possible applications for the device are also described.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种将多色源聚焦到扩展焦点笔的光学系统。 该实施方案利用制造和对准的两个全息光学元件（HOE）以形成有意的纵向色散，但是减轻横向色彩效应。 因此，HOE双峰将源的不同波长沿着光轴聚焦到不同的位置。 聚焦波长的强烈强度在每个位置处占主导地位，使得整个光束具有接近衍射的1 / e2斑点尺寸，并且仅具有较弱的背景照明。 还描述了使用体透镜的替代光学系统以及该器件的若干可能应用。

公开(公告)号：US5222071A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-22

申请号：US660203

申请日：1991-02-21

申请人： Bardia Pezeshki ,  James S. Harris, Jr.

发明人： Bardia Pezeshki ,  James S. Harris, Jr.

IPC分类号： G02F1/017 ,  G02F1/29

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/292 ,  G02F1/017 ,  G02F2203/22 ,  G02F2203/24

摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus including a semiconductor grating whose optical properties can be changed electrically in order to steer a diffracted laser beam with no moving parts. Lithographically defined portions, stripes or areas formed in a semiconductor quantum well region used in association with selectable voltage supply means enable control of the optical characteristics of the grating. The optical properties of the semiconductor quantum well region vary in response to variations in voltage applied to the areas which in turn change the transmissivity or reflectivity of the areas. By selectively applying voltages, the diffraction pattern obtained in the far-field from illuminating the areas is thus controlled and beam steering results. By using a two-dimensional array of areas, or alternatively using two such one dimensional arrays, beam steering in two dimensions may be accomplished. Using a Fabry-Perot cavity allows large reflectivity changes to occur from the absorption changes, and another external Fabry-Perot cavity increases the optical power steered into the diffracted modes. Electronically addressing a large number of areas can be achieved using a number of standard methods.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种包括半导体光栅的装置，其光学特性可以电性地改变，以便转向没有运动部件的衍射激光束。 在与可选择的电压供应装置相关联使用的半导体量子阱区域中形成的光刻限定的部分，条纹或区域使得能够控制光栅的光学特性。 半导体量子阱区的光学特性响应于施加到区域的电压的变化而变化，这些区域又改变了区域的透射率或反射率。 通过选择性地施加电压，由此控制在远场中获得的衍射图案照射该区域，并且导致光束转向。 通过使用二维阵列的区域，或者可选地使用两个这样的一维阵列，可以实现二维波束转向。 使用法布里 - 珀罗腔可以从吸收变化发生较大的反射率变化，而另一个外部法布里 - 珀罗腔增加转向衍射模式的光功率。 使用多种标准方法可以实现电子寻址大量的领域。

公开(公告)号：US5132988A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-21

申请号：US622106

申请日：1990-12-03

申请人： Kevin D. Fisher ,  William L. Abbott ,  John M. Cioffi ,  Philip S. Bednarz

发明人： Kevin D. Fisher ,  William L. Abbott ,  John M. Cioffi ,  Philip S. Bednarz

IPC分类号： G11B20/10 ,  H04L25/03

CPC分类号： G11B20/10046 ,  G11B20/10009 ,  H04L25/03057

摘要： Adaptive decision feedback equalizer apparatus for processing information stored on disk or tape media or the like including a data input buffer (34), a gain acquisition circuit (42), a timing acquisition circuit (40) operative to generate timing error signals for controlling the sampling phase of the read signals input to the input buffer, a synchronizing circuit (44) for generating sync detect signals and polarity signals, an FIR filter (36) for generating linear filter output signals, register means (39), feedforward update logic (38) for adjusting the equalizer coefficient signals to develop undated coefficient signals, a dual ported RAM (50) for storing a plurality of the equalizer coefficient signals, feedback logic (48) responsive to the linear filter output signals, equalizer coefficient signals obtained from the RAM, and train data signals, and operative to compute the equalizer error signals and equalizer output signals, feedback update logic (52) for adjusting the values of the coefficient signals for input back to the RAM as update signals, steady-state timing logic (54), and a controller (46) responsive to the polarity signals and the sync detect signals and operative to generate the train data signals and mode control signals for causing the equalizer apparatus to operate in either a set-up/test mode or a run mode, whereby read signals input from a storage media are sampled, amplified and digitally processed to decode stored information bits with the result that, as compared to prior art systems, storage density may be increased and error rate decreased.

摘要翻译： 用于处理存储在磁盘或磁带介质等上的信息的自适应判决反馈均衡器装置，包括数据输入缓冲器（34），增益获取电路（42），定时获取电路（40），用于产生定时误差信号， 输入到输入缓冲器的读取信号的采样相位，用于产生同步检测信号和极性信号的同步电路（44），用于产生线性滤波器输出信号的FIR滤波器（36），寄存器装置（39），前馈更新逻辑 38），用于调整均衡器系数信号以产生未标注的系数信号;双端口RAM（50），用于存储多个均衡器系数信号，响应于线性滤波器输出信号的反馈逻辑（48），从 RAM和训练数据信号，并且可操作以计算均衡器误差信号和均衡器输出信号，反馈更新逻辑（52）用于调整 用于作为更新信号输入到RAM的系数信号，稳态定时逻辑（54）和响应于极性信号和同步检测信号的控制器（46），并用于产生列车数据信号和模式控制信号 用于使均衡器装置在设置/测试模式或运行模式下操作，由此从存储介质输入的读取信号被采样，放大和数字处理以解码存储的信息位，结果是与之前的 艺术系统，存储密度可能会增加，错误率降低。

公开(公告)号：US6101473A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-08

申请号：US907628

申请日：1997-08-08

申请人： Brian L. Scott ,  Clint L. Miller

发明人： Brian L. Scott ,  Clint L. Miller

IPC分类号： G06F3/16 ,  G10L15/22 ,  G10L15/26 ,  H04M3/493 ,  H04M7/00 ,  H04M7/12 ,  G10L15/00

CPC分类号： H04M3/493 ,  G10L15/26 ,  H04M3/4938 ,  H04M7/006 ,  H04M7/12

摘要： Voice activation of functions on a network such as the Internet are accomplished using a speech recognition system running synchronously with standard desktop-based Internet functions. This synchronous operation allows voice-based control to be exercised for all operations on the Internet. System functions are based on a unique combination of a local web browser, a remotely-located speech/web server, and control links between a web browser and a speech/web server. The control links provide a mechanism for controlling a speech server from a web page and a mechanism for driving both the local, as well as a remote, web browser.

摘要翻译： 使用与基于标准桌面的因特网功能同步运行的语音识别系统来实现诸如因特网的网络上的功能的语音激活。 该同步操作允许对因特网上的所有操作进行基于语音的控制。 系统功能基于本地Web浏览器，位于远程的语音/ Web服务器以及Web浏览器和语音/ Web服务器之间的控制链接的独特组合。 控制链路提供用于从网页控制语音服务器的机制和用于驱动本地以及远程web浏览器的机制。

公开(公告)号：US4172663A

公开(公告)日：1979-10-30

申请号：US791500

申请日：1977-04-27

申请人： Robert L. Byer ,  Jeffrey A. Paul

发明人： Robert L. Byer ,  Jeffrey A. Paul

IPC分类号： G01J3/26 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01J9/02 ,  G01J3/26

摘要： In an optical wavelength meter, the wavelength of light to be measured, such as that obtained from a CW or pulsed laser, is directed through a tunable grating monochromator, serving as a bandpass filter, for passing light within the selected bandpass and determining, to the lowest degree of resolution, the wavelength of the light to be measured. Thence, the light is directed sequentially through a plurality of Fabry-Perot etalon interferometers of increasing degree of resolution. The interference patterns are sequentially directed onto a spatial detector. The radii of the first and second rings of the respective interference patterns are measured to derive fractional fringe order measurements of successively higher resolution, such that the wavelength of the light to be measured is determined in successively increasing steps of higher resolution. In a typical example, utilizing three Fabry-Perot etalons the wavelength of the light to be measured at, for example, 6328 angstroms is determined to be an absolute accuracy of .+-.200 megahertz.

摘要翻译： 在光波长计中，诸如从CW或脉冲激光获得的光的波长波长通过作为带通滤波器的可调谐光栅单色仪引导，用于使所选择的带通内的光通过，并且确定为 最低分辨率，待测光的波长。 因此，光依次通过多个分辨率越高的法布里 - 珀罗标准具干涉仪。 干涉图案被顺序指向空间检测器。 测量相应干涉图案的第一和第二环的半径以导出连续更高分辨率的分数条纹顺序测量，使得待测量的光的波长以较高分辨率的连续增加的步骤确定。 在一个典型的例子中，利用三个法布里 - 珀罗标准具，例如在6328埃处测量的光的波长被确定为+/- 200兆赫的绝对精度。

公开(公告)号：US5345815A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-13

申请号：US954695

申请日：1992-09-30

申请人： Thomas Albrecht ,  Marco Tortonese ,  Robert Barrett

发明人： Thomas Albrecht ,  Marco Tortonese ,  Robert Barrett

IPC分类号： G01B7/16 ,  G01B20060101 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01B21/30 ,  G01L20060101 ,  G01L1/18 ,  G01Q20/04 ,  G01Q60/38 ,  G01Q60/40 ,  G01Q70/02 ,  H01J37/28 ,  H01L21/34

CPC分类号： G01Q60/38 ,  B82Y35/00 ,  G01Q20/04 ,  Y10S977/851 ,  Y10S977/873

摘要： A microminiature cantilever structure is provided having a cantilever arm with a piezoresistive resistor embedded in at least the fixed end of the cantilever arm. Deflection of the free end of the cantilever arm produces stress in the base of the cantilever. That stress changes the piezoresistive resistor's resistance at the base of the cantilever in proportion to the cantilever arm's deflection. Resistance measuring apparatus is coupled to the piezoresistive resistor to measure its resistance and to generate a signal corresponding to the cantilever arm's deflection. The microminiature cantilever is formed on a semiconductor substrate. A portion of the free end of the cantilever arm is doped to form an electrically separate U-shaped piezoresistive resistor. The U-shaped resistor has two legs oriented parallel to an axis of the semiconductor substrate having a non-zero piezoresistive coefficient. A metal layer is deposited over the semiconductor's surface and patterned to form an electrical connection between the piezoresistive resistor and a resistance measuring circuit, enabling measurement of the piezoresistive resistor's resistance. Finally, the semiconductor substrate below the cantilever arm is substantially removed so as to form a cantilevered structure, and a tip is connected to the free end of the cantilever arm to facilitate the structure's use in an atomic force microscope.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种微型悬臂结构，其具有悬臂，其具有嵌入到悬臂的至少固定端的压阻电阻器。 悬臂的自由端的偏转在悬臂的底部产生应力。 该应力与悬臂的偏转成比例地改变了压阻电阻器在悬臂底部的电阻。 电阻测量装置耦合到压阻电阻器以测量其电阻并产生对应于悬臂的偏转的信号。 微型悬臂形成在半导体衬底上。 掺杂悬臂的自由端的一部分以形成电分离的U形压阻电阻器。 U形电阻器具有平行于具有非零压阻系数的半导体衬底的轴线定向的两个腿。 金属层沉积在半导体表面上并被图案化以在压阻电阻器和电阻测量电路之间形成电连接，使得能够测量压阻电阻器的电阻。 最后，基本上移除悬臂下面的半导体衬底以形成悬臂结构，并且尖端连接到悬臂的自由端，以便于结构在原子力显微镜中的使用。

公开(公告)号：US5105298A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-14

申请号：US379527

申请日：1989-07-12

申请人： Franklin M. Schellenberg

发明人： Franklin M. Schellenberg

IPC分类号： G02B1/04 ,  G02B5/30

CPC分类号： G02B5/3083 ,  G02B1/04 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A birefringent structure useful as a waveplate, grating, a hologram, a beam separator, a digital data storage medium or the like is formed by photo-exposure causing photo-reaction between photons and polymeric structures. In a specific embodiment, birefringence is induced by applying optical energy to a polymer film such as a polysilane with sufficient intensity to excite nonlinear absorption in the polymer film such that a pattern of the exposing optical energy is recorded in the polymer film. The optical energy is of a distinct polarThis invention was made under contract with or supported by the United States Air Force office of Scientific Research under Contract No. AFOSR-88-0354. The Government has certain rights in this invention.

摘要翻译： 用作波片，光栅，全息图，光束分离器，数字数据存储介质等的双折射结构通过光子曝光形成，引起光子和聚合物结构之间的光反应。 在具体实施方案中，通过将光能施加到具有足够强度的聚硅烷的聚合物膜，以激发聚合物膜中的非线性吸收，从而将曝光光能的图案记录在聚合物膜中，来诱导双折射。 光能具有明显的极化状态，使得非线性光学效应证明极化状态。 在另一个实施例中，将光能的干涉图案施加到聚合物膜，使得其保留曝光照明的偏振状态图案的记录。 根据本发明的方法，优选的聚合物暴露于干涉图案，以便通过非线性吸收来激发聚合物，以引起与曝光光的偏振对准的聚合物链的优先降解。 在优选实施方案中使用的合适的聚合物材料存在于聚硅烷聚合物族中。 材料被转换以保持关于曝光照明的偏振状态的信息的过程被认为是分子水平或原子水平的双光子吸收机制。

公开(公告)号：US5430661A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-04

申请号：US801815

申请日：1991-12-02

申请人： Kevin D. Fisher ,  William L. Abbott ,  John M. Cioffi ,  Philip S. Bednarz

发明人： Kevin D. Fisher ,  William L. Abbott ,  John M. Cioffi ,  Philip S. Bednarz

IPC分类号： G11B20/10 ,  H03H15/00 ,  H03H17/00 ,  H03H21/00 ,  H04B3/04 ,  H04L25/03 ,  G06F17/00

CPC分类号： G11B20/10046 ,  G11B20/10009 ,  H04L25/03057

摘要： Adaptive decision feedback equalizer apparatus for processing information stored on disk or tape media or the like including a data input buffer (34), a gain acquisition circuit (42), a timing acquisition circuit (40) operative to generate timing error signals for controlling the sampling phase of the read signals input to the input buffer, a synchronizing circuit (44) for generating sync detect signals and polarity signals, an FIR filter (36) for generating linear filter output signals, register means (39), feedforward update logic (38) for adjusting the equalizer coefficient signals to develop updated coefficient signals, a dual ported RAM (50) for storing a plurality of the equalizer coefficient signals, feedback logic (48) responsive to the linear filter output signals, equalizer coefficient signals obtained from the RAM, and train data signals, and operative to compute the equalizer error signals and equalizer output signals, feedback update logic (52) for adjusting the values of the coefficient signals for input back to the RAM as update signals, steady-state timing logic (54), and a controller (46) responsive to the polarity signals and the sync detect signals and operative to generate the train data signals and mode control signals for causing the equalizer apparatus to operate in either a set-up/test mode or a run mode, whereby read signals input from a storage media are sampled, amplified and digitally processed to decode stored information bits with the result that, as compared to prior art systems, storage density may be increased and error rate decreased.

摘要翻译： 用于处理存储在磁盘或磁带介质等上的信息的自适应判决反馈均衡器装置，包括数据输入缓冲器（34），增益获取电路（42），定时获取电路（40），用于产生定时误差信号， 输入到输入缓冲器的读取信号的采样相位，用于产生同步检测信号和极性信号的同步电路（44），用于产生线性滤波器输出信号的FIR滤波器（36），寄存器装置（39），前馈更新逻辑 38），用于调整均衡器系数信号以产生更新的系数信号;双端口RAM（50），用于存储多个均衡器系数信号，响应于线性滤波器输出信号的反馈逻辑（48），从 RAM和训练数据信号，并且可操作以计算均衡器误差信号和均衡器输出信号，反馈更新逻辑（52）用于调整 用于作为更新信号输入到RAM的系数信号，稳态定时逻辑（54）和响应于极性信号和同步检测信号的控制器（46），并用于产生列车数据信号和模式控制信号 用于使均衡器装置在设置/测试模式或运行模式下操作，由此从存储介质输入的读取信号被采样，放大和数字处理以解码存储的信息位，结果是与之前的 艺术系统，存储密度可能会增加，错误率降低。

公开(公告)号：US5274232A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

申请号：US869353

申请日：1992-04-14

申请人： Steven Chu ,  Mark A. Kasevich

发明人： Steven Chu ,  Mark A. Kasevich

IPC分类号： G01C19/58 ,  G21K1/00 ,  H05H3/04 ,  H05H3/00

CPC分类号： G21K1/003 ,  G01C19/58 ,  H05H3/04

摘要： According to the invention, quantum objects, such as atoms, ions, and molecules, are controllably moved by stimulating selected non-radiative energy levels within a quantum structure in accordance with the principles of stimulated Raman transitions. The movement is effected by timed excitation of individual quantum objects with preselected quantities ("pulses") of electromagnetic energy of at least two different frequencies which together are in resonance with a natural resonance (i.e., a stimulated Raman transition) of preferably metastable energy levels within the quantum object to cause a controlled change in momentum of the quantum object. In alternative embodiments, single-pulse excitation or multiple-pulse sequence excitation with stimulated Raman transitions produce a controlled change in momentum of individual quantum objects according to the invention. A controlled distribution of velocities of an ensemble of quantum objects may be effected in accordance with the invention. The velocities of the quantum objects are changed and selected using the Doppler effect in both excitation and measurement. The invention may be used to measure forces such as gravity.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，根据受激拉曼过渡的原理，通过在量子结构内刺激所选择的非辐射能级来控制量子物体，例如原子，离子和分子。 该运动通过具有至少两个不同频率的电磁能量的预选量（“脉冲”）的各个量子物体的定时激励来实现，它们一起与优选亚稳态能级的天然共振（即，受激拉曼转变）共振 在量子对象内引起量子物体动量受控变化。 在替代实施例中，根据本发明，具有受激拉曼转换的单脉冲激励或多脉冲序列激励产生各个量子物体的受控动量变化。 根据本发明可以实现量子物体的集合的受控的速度分布。 在激发和测量中使用多普勒效应来改变和选择量子物体的速度。 本发明可以用于测量诸如重力的力。