摘要:
An apparatus generally having a first circuit and a second circuit is disclosed. The first circuit may be configured to synthesize a first vector by filtering a second vector based on a third vector. The second circuit may be configured to (i) generate a gain corresponding to a fourth vector, (ii) compare the gain to a plurality of thresholds and (iii) update the third vector as a function of the gain where the compare determines that the gain is not between the thresholds. The fourth vector may be received from a network as an echo of the second vector.
摘要:
A thermoplastic container or packaging material is given low oxygen permeability by coating with a crosslinked acrylate layer and a layer of oxygen barrier material deposited over the acrylate layer. Another acrylate layer may be deposited over the oxygen barrier. The oxygen barrier is selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and metal. The acrylate layer may be formed from a photopolymerizable polyfunctional acrylate that is sufficiently low viscosity to be sprayed on the substrate or applied by dipping. Alternatively, the acrylate layer is a polymerization product of an acrylate monomer which is evaporated in a vacuum, condensed on the substrate and polymerized by irradiation by ultraviolet or an electron beam. The surface of the thermoplastic substrate is prepared for deposition of the acrylate by either flame treating the surface of the substrate to heat it above its melting point without deforming the substrate to thereby smooth the surface, or by plasma treating the surface for enhancing adhesion of the acrylate. Chilling the substrate enhances deposition efficiency.
摘要:
Sheet materials according to the present invention comprise a sheet material substrate, such as for example a film or paper sheet, with a polymer release coating overlying and adhered to a surface of the sheet material substrate. Single and multilayer release coatings can be formed on the substrate by vapor deposition of silicone acrylates and/or fluorinated acrylates. These coatings can be applied in thickness of 0.05 micron to 1.0 micron to achieve a range of release properties. These coatings can be applied in a very thin single layer on relatively smooth substrates or in a multilayer form on rough substrates such as paper. The new coating process described here has lower process and materials costs, improved adhesion, low slip, and excellent release characteristics.
摘要:
A high speed apparatus for forming capacitors includes a vacuum chamber in which is located a carrier defining a continuous surface configured to move at a rate of from about 150 feet per minute to about 600 feet per minute during the forming operation, a metal depositing device, a dielectric depositing device, and a radiation source. The metal depositing device is configured to deposit layers of metal onto the moving surface, and the dielectric depositing device includes (a) a device for atomizing a radiation-curable polyfunctional acrylic monomer to form liquid droplets of the monomer, (b) a heated surface on which the atomized monomer droplets impinge and are flash vaporized, and (c) device for thereafter condensing the flash-vaporized monomer on the metal layers to form a monomer coating on successive layers. The radiation source is positioned for curing successive monomer coatings after each such coating has been deposited, to thereby form a polymer dielectric layer. Apparatus are provided for controlling each of the devices so that metal is deposited, a monomer coating is deposited, and the monomer coating is cured to form the polymer dielectric layer before the continuous surface passes the devices again for successive metal layers, monomer coatings, and curings.
摘要:
A monolithic multi-layer capacitor is disclosed having a central capacitively active area and two electrode joining sections separated from the active area by sloped sections. The dielectric layers are about 1 micron thick in the active area and taper gradually to zero thickness in the sloped sections. Electrode layers in the active area have a thickness in the range from 200 to 500 Angstroms and sufficient thickness throughout the sloped sections for adequate current carrying capacity. Various acrylates are used for the dielectric layers, the number of layers ranging from a few to many thousands.Apparatus and methods are disclosed for the fabrication of such capacitors on a high speed, production scale basis. Such employ techniques for the flash evaporation of highly reactive monomers of acrylate dielectric materials so as to form a gaseous stream of such materials. The gas stream is controllably directed to a deposition surface for condensation and subsequent curing by a field enhanced gas discharge electron beam source. The control of the dielectric gas stream is accomplished by means of adjacent gas streams of an inert gas directed to areas of the deposition surface where deposition of the electrode material is unwanted. Means are disclosed for the atomization of the monomers of the dielectric material in preparation for its flash evaporation.
摘要:
A high-speed process for coating substrates with thin organic coatings in a vacuum is disclosed and claimed. The process utilizes relatively low boiling, reactive monomers (e.g., polyacrylates) which are flash vaporized, condensed on the substrates and cured, in situ. The resultant cured films are pin-hole free and exhibit excellent adhesion. The process is capable of being run at very high coating and curing speeds, e.g., between 1 and 1000 cm/second.
摘要:
In accordance with the present invention, local loop testing in an echo canceller based modem is provided in a manner in which proper operation of both the receiver and echo canceller can be assessed simultaneously. Specifically, the modem includes means for generating data and interfering symbol sequences and for applying the interfering sequence to both the echo canceller and the modem transmitter, while applying the data sequence only to either the transmitter or the echo canceller. During closed loop testing, the modem connection to the transmission line is opened, and a portion of the output of the modem transmitter is applied to the modem receiver via a leakage path through the hybrid. The received symbol is subtracted from the echo canceller output, resulting in application to the receiver of only a version of the data symbol sequence. Advanced knowledge of the characteristics of the data symbol sequence allows proper receiver operation to be verified.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a technique for recovering each of an entire analog speech signal and a modulated data signal simultaneously received over a transmission channel such as a common analog telephone speech channel. In the received composite signal, the entire modulated data signal is multiplexed within the normal analog speech signal frequency band where the speech is present and its signal power density characteristic is at a low level. Separation of the speech and data signals at the receiver is effected by recovering the modulation carrier frequency and demodulating the received signal to recover the data signal. The data signal is then (a) remodulated with the recovered carrier, (b) modified to cancel phase jitter and frequency offset errors detected during the data demodulating process and (c) convolved with an arbitrary channel impulse response in an adaptive filter whose output signal is subtracted from the received composite data and speech signal to generate the recovered speech signal. To improve the recovered speech signal, a least mean square algorithm is used to update the arbitrary channel impulse response output signal of the adaptive filter.
摘要:
A process for impregnating capacitors with a gas absorbing impregnant is disclosed including the steps of purefying a phthalate ester by adsorptive filtration and adding 5 to 30% by volume of an alkene having from 10 to less than 20 carbon atoms and 0.1 to 10% by volume of an epoxy stabilizer to the phthalate ester prior to impregnating the capacitor.
摘要:
An electrical capacitor is impregnated with a base impregnant of a non halogenated aromatic liquid which absorbs gas in the range of 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. to which is added a material that is a greater gas absorber over the same temperature range.