摘要:
A communication system and a method of transmitting and/or receiving data in the communication system are provided. A method of transmitting media data of a camera to a user terminal in a communication environment in which the camera connected to a first network and the user terminal connected to a third network are connected to a second network includes: obtaining second address information of the second network that corresponds to first address information of the first network, from an address conversion apparatus; obtaining third address information of the second network from an address providing apparatus connected to the second network; transmitting the first through third address information to the user terminal through a session control server connected to the second network; and transmitting the media data to the user terminal based on at least one of the first through third address information.
摘要:
Non-volatile memory devices and related methods are provided. The non-volatile memory devices include a memory cell array having a plurality of cell strings, each cell string including: a plurality of memory cells stacked in a direction perpendicular to a substrate, a ground selection transistor between the plurality of memory cells and the substrate, and a string selection transistor between the plurality of memory cells and a bit line; an address decoder coupled to the plurality of memory cells in the plurality of cell strings through word lines, to the string selection transistors in the plurality of cell strings through string selection lines, and to the ground selection transistors in the plurality of cell strings through a ground selection line; a read/write circuit coupled to the string selection transistors in the plurality of cell strings through the bit lines; and control logic configured to adjust a substrate voltage applied to the substrate such that threshold voltages of the ground selection transistors are higher than a predetermined level during read operations for at least one of the plurality of memory cells in the plurality of cell strings.
摘要:
A communication system and a method of transmitting and/or receiving data in the communication system are provided. A method of transmitting media data of a camera to a user terminal in a communication environment in which the camera connected to a first network and the user terminal connected to a third network are connected to a second network includes: obtaining second address information of the second network that corresponds to first address information of the first network, from an address conversion apparatus; obtaining third address information of the second network from an address providing apparatus connected to the second network; transmitting the first through third address information to the user terminal through a session control server connected to the second network; and transmitting the media data to the user terminal based on at least one of the first through third address information.
摘要:
A method of forming patterns of a semiconductor device may include forming a photoresist layer that includes a photo acid generator (PAG) and a photo base generator (PBG), generating an acid from the PAG in a first exposed portion of the photoresist layer by first-exposing the photoresist layer, and generating a base from the PBG in a second exposed portion of the photoresist layer by second-exposing a part of the first exposed portion and neutralizing the acid. The method may also include baking the photoresist layer after the first and second-exposing and deblocking the photoresist layer of the first exposed portion in which the acid is generated to form a deblocked photoresist layer, and forming a photoresist pattern by removing the deblocked photoresist layer by using a developer.
摘要:
In a method of forming a metal or metal nitride pattern, a metal or metal nitride layer is formed on a substrate, and a photoresist pattern is formed on the metal or metal nitride layer. An over-coating composition is coated on the metal or metal nitride layer and on the photoresist pattern to form a capping layer on the photoresist pattern. The over-coating composition includes a polymer having amine groups as a side chain or a branch and a solvent. A remaining portion of the over-coating composition is removed by washing with a hydrophilic solution. The metal or metal nitride layer is partially removed using the capping layer and the photoresist pattern as an etching mask.
摘要:
Provided is a navigation system including method of setting a destination in a navigation terminal, which includes receiving a position information message; and setting position coordinates corresponding to position information included in the position information message as position coordinates of a destination related to a certain route.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for configuring a bitmap in a mobile communication system employing a block ACK scheme, which faithfully performs its intrinsic function of acknowledging a reception result, and yet can reduce transmission delay and the overall system load due to retransmission in the case where packet loss is relatively less important than transmission delay time, such as in the case of voice communication. To this end, a recipient compares a PER of a received packet signal with a threshold value. If the PER is higher than the threshold value, the recipient operates in the block ACK scheme, and if the PER is lower than the threshold value, the recipient determines a bitmap configuration scheme on the assumption that an erroneous frame has been successfully received. Also, using the determined bitmap configuration scheme, the recipient transmits a reception result for each received packet.
摘要:
A method for selecting an antenna in an orthogonalized spatial multiplexing system. Upon receipt of at least one symbol from a transmitter via multiple receive antennas, a receiver decodes each of the received symbols; determines a rotation angle between the received symbols, and selects an optimal subset of transmit antennas using a distance between vectors of the decoded symbols; generates feedback information including the determined rotation angle and the selected optimal subset, and transmits the generated feedback information to the transmitter. Upon receipt of the feedback information, the transmitter beam-forms an antenna corresponding to the optimal subset depending on the received feedback information, and transmits a data symbol to the receiver. The receiver detects each of data symbols received from the transmitter.
摘要:
An inspection method for a circuit substrate is disclosed, which inspects electrical properties of a circuit substrate having a multilayered structure, by controlling inspection environments so that dew forms on a surface of the circuit substrate and detecting change of states of the dew to thereby determining variation of a thermal capacity of a conductor with respect to defective contacts or vias, micro vias and a circuit pattern of an inner layer. According to this, the inspection can be performed with respect to a wide area simultaneously and therefore the inspection productivity can be improved. In addition, since the temperature of the conductive wire can be measured directly through change of the dew, the cost for the temperature measurement can be saved. Moreover, the cost for an area sensor to sense the temperature of a wide area may be reduced while improving the inspection speed.
摘要:
A power saving apparatus and a method in a wireless communication system are provided. An Access Point (AP) buffers transmission frames for sleep-mode stations in a sleep-mode buffer. Upon wakeup from a sleep mode, a station sends a first control information frame indicating wakeup to the access point. The access point sends a second control information frame including a requested transmission length in response to the first control information frame to the station. The station generates a third control information frame, aggregates the third control information frame and user data frames to a first protocol data unit, and sends it to the AP. Then the AP generates a fourth control information frame, aggregates the fourth control information frame and buffered frames to a second protocol data unit, and sends it to the station.