摘要:
The present invention is a membrane and a process for separating at least one component from at least one other component in a gas mixture. A gaseous mixture is passed over a membrane having a thin film of a molten salt hydrate which is selectively permeable to at least one component in the gaseous mixture.
摘要:
Benzene, or an alkylbenzene, is hydrogenated by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a Group IVa (titanium family) or Va metal hydride catalyst. The catalyst may be a simple hydride such as ZrH.sub.2 or a hydride of an alloy such as Cu.sub.3 Zr or may be a complex material. One complex material is the reaction product of a Group IVa or Va metal halide, such as ZrCl.sub.4 with an alkyllithium or aryllithium, such as n-butyllithium, in a hydrocarbon solvent.
摘要:
Monolefins such as ethylene are reacted with ammonia using alkali metal amide catalysts such as cesium or rubidium amides, or low melting mixtures of amides such as cesium/potassium, cesium/sodium or sodium/potassium amides. Conversions are improved compared to reactions using sodium or potassium amide alone. Conversions of ethylene are improved also when liquid ammonia is present.
摘要:
Novel lithium dicyclopentadienyl titanium hydride type compositions are described, useful as catalysts in converting ethylene to 1-butene, which is used in producing "polymer gasoline" for increasing the octane number of automotive gasolines. Methods for synthesizing the novel compositions are also described.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for reversibly absorbing acid gases from gaseous mixtures wherein a salt hydrate is heated to a temperature above its melting point and exposed to an acid gas which is absorbed by the salt hydrate to form a salt hydrate melt. This melt is thereafter cooled to a temperature sufficient to solidify the melt and to desorb the acid gas from the solidified salt hydrate. Preferred salt hydrates include tetramethylammonium fluoride tetrahydrate and tetraethylammonium acetate tetrahydrate.
摘要:
A process is provided for selectively separating oxygen from an oxygen-containing fluid stream by bringing said fluid stream into contact with a high capacity solid state cyanocobaltate complex in a non-aluminosilicate environment represented by the chemical formula:A.sub.X/Z.sup.Z+ [Co(CN).sub.n ].sup.X- .cndot.pSwhere:A is an alkali, alkaline earth, transition, or Group 12 metal atom;Z is 1, 2 or 3;n is any number from 3 to 5;X is n-2;p is any number from greater than zero to 6; andS is a ligand which is capable of coordinating with A.sup.Z+, Co or both.These complexes chemically bind oxygen to form novel oxygen adducts, thereby selectively removing oxygen from the fluid stream. The bound oxygen may be recovered by increasing the temperature or by reducing the partial pressure of O.sub.2 above the adduct.
摘要:
A novel class of compounds, anionic Group VIII metal hydrides containing phosphorus, arsenic and antimony organoligands is described, such as potassium tris and bis(triphenylphosphine) ruthenium hydride. The compounds are useful as homogeneous catalysts in the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones, olefins or alkynes. Processes for producing the compounds are also described.
摘要:
A novel class of heterogeneous catalysts, containing Group VIII transition metals in combination with alkali organic compounds is prepared, such as potassium naphthalene on ruthenium on carbon. The catalysts are useful as heterogeneous catalysts in the hydrogenation of carboxylic acid esters. A process for producing the materials is described. The catalysts permit the process of the hydrogenation of carboxylic acid esters to primary alcohols to be conducted with the ester in the liquid phase at a temperature not exceeding about 150.degree. C. with high selectivity. Catalysts of Group VIII transition metals and alkali metal on carbon are also useful in such processes.
摘要:
A catalyst consisting essentially of cuprous chloride intercalated in crystalline boron nitride, containing at least 10% copper, useful for substitution chlorination of organic substances in vapor phase at elevated temperature by action of chlorine or HCL and oxygen. Highly selective for chlorination versus oxidation and hydrolysis even at high conversions, using partially chlorinated organic material as reactant, in particular methyl chloride.
摘要:
Processes are provided for the storage and release of hydrogen by means of a substantially reversible catalytic hydrogenation of extended pi-conjugated substrates which include large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with nitrogen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with oxygen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl, alkoxy, ketone, ether or polyether substituents, pi-conjugated molecules comprising 5 membered rings, pi-conjugated molecules comprising six and five membered rings with nitrogen or oxygen hetero atoms, and extended pi-conjugated organic polymers. The hydrogen, contained in the at least partially hydrogenated form of the extended pi-conjugated system, can be facilely released for use by a catalytic dehydrogenation of the latter in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst which can be effected by lowering the hydrogen gas pressure, generally to pressures greater than 0.1 bar or raising the temperature to less than 250° C. or less, or by a combination of these two process parameters.