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    Apparatus for making polycrystalline articles
    1.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for making polycrystalline articles 失效
    多晶制品制造装置

    公开(公告)号：US4282024A

    公开(公告)日：1981-08-04

    申请号：US75308

    申请日：1979-09-13

    申请人： Stephen M. Copley ,  Virendra V. S. Rana ,  James M. Whelan

    发明人： Stephen M. Copley ,  Virendra V. S. Rana ,  James M. Whelan

    IPC分类号： B22F3/14 ,  C04B35/053 ,  C04B35/515 ,  C04B35/64 ,  C04B38/00 ,  C03B19/06

    CPC分类号： C04B38/00 ,  B22F3/14 ,  C04B35/053 ,  C04B35/515 ,  C04B35/64

    摘要： A polycrystalline article is densified to provide either a nonporous body or a body with controlled interconnected porosity. A mixture of fine powders of the polycrystalline material and a sintering aid is compacted and outgassed under reduced pressure. The outgassed compact is then subjected to a permeation anneal step in which it is heated in a closed chamber to a temperature sufficient to form a liquid of the sintering aid, but under pressure conditions which inhibit evaporation of the sintering aid. The sintering aid can then be leached out to provide a densified article having interconnected porosity. Alternatively, the sintering aid can be leached out at elevated temperature, further densifying the compact to form a substantially nonporous body. Alternatively, the sintering aid can be removed by subjecting the densified article to an evaporation anneal step in which the article is heated to evaporate the sintering aid, further densifying the compact to form a substantially nonporous article. Apparatus is provided containing interconnected sections to accomplish the foregoing process. When applied to magnesium fluoride, a transparent polycrystalline body is obtained as a new article of manufacture which is substantially uniformly transparent to infrared radiation throughout the entire range of 0.7-6 microns.

    摘要翻译： 多晶制品被致密化以提供具有受控的互连孔隙的无孔体或主体。 将多晶材料和烧结助剂的细粉末的混合物在减压下压实和脱气。 然后将脱气的压块进行渗透退火步骤，其中将其在密闭室中加热到足以形成烧结助剂的液体的温度，但在抑制烧结助剂蒸发的压力条件下进行。 然后可以将烧结助剂浸出以提供具有互连多孔性的致密制品。 或者，可以在升高的温度下将烧结助剂浸出，进一步致密化以形成基本上无孔的体。 或者，可以通过使致密制品经受蒸发退火步骤来除去烧结助剂，其中加热制品以蒸发烧结助剂，进一步致密化以形成基本上无孔的制品。 提供了包含互连部分以实现上述过程的装置。 当应用于氟化镁时，获得透明多晶体作为新的制品，其在0.7-6微米的整个范围内对红外辐射基本均匀透明。

    Process for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia and methane to hydrogen cyanide
    6.
    发明授权
    Process for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia and methane to hydrogen cyanide 失效
    将氨和甲烷催化氧化成氰化氢的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4078044A

    公开(公告)日：1978-03-07

    申请号：US712003

    申请日：1976-08-05

    申请人： James M. Whelan

    发明人： James M. Whelan

    IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01D53/94 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/76 ,  B01J23/78 ,  C01B17/04 ,  C01B17/50 ,  C01B17/78 ,  C01B21/02 ,  C01B21/26 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C01C3/02 ,  C04B35/50 ,  F23C13/00

    CPC分类号： F23C13/00 ,  B01D53/8603 ,  B01D53/945 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/76 ,  B01J23/78 ,  C01B17/0486 ,  C01B17/508 ,  C01B17/78 ,  C01B21/02 ,  C01B21/265 ,  C01B31/20 ,  C01C3/02 ,  C04B35/50 ,  F23C13/08 ,  Y02T10/22

    摘要： A process for the oxidation of ammonia to hydrogen cyanide which comprises combining ammonia with a predetermined amount of oxygen and methane to produce hydrogen cyanide and water and passing the resulting mixture over a ceramic catalyst of the following empirical formula at a temperature between about 700.degree. and 1100.degree. C.:W.sub.k X.sub.n J.sub.(1-k-n) ZO.sub.(3.+-.m')Wherein:W is zirconium, tin or thorium or mixture thereof;X is an alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;J is scandium, yttrium, a rare-earth element or mixture thereof;Z is a metal of the first transition series or a mixture thereof, at least 0.01% of said metal having an oxidation state other than +3;k is a number having a value of between 0 and about 0.1;m' is a number having a value of from 0 to about 0.26, provided m' has a value other than 0 when n has a value of 0; andn is a number having a value from 0 to about 0.51, provided when n has a value of 0, k has a value of between 0 and about 0.05. These mixed oxide catalysts can be used to catalytically oxidize organic compounds to various states of oxidation, ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, with oxygen, or carbon monoxide with water, sulfur dioxide or nitric oxide. The catalyst can also be employed in the catalytic removal of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitric oxides and sulfur dioxide from the exhaust gases of generating or heating plants and automobiles burning fossil fuels. In addition these catalysts can be employed to produce hydrogen cyanide from methane, ammonia and oxygen.

    摘要翻译： 一种将氨氧化成氰化氢的方法，其包括将氨与预定量的氧和甲烷结合以产生氰化氢和水，并使得到的混合物在约700℃和约700℃之间的温度下通过以下经验式的陶瓷催化剂 1100℃：WkXnJ（1-kn）ZO（3 +/- m'）其中：

    Method of burning a fossil fuel
    9.
    发明授权
    Method of burning a fossil fuel 失效
    燃烧化石燃料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4076486A

    公开(公告)日：1978-02-28

    申请号：US711999

    申请日：1976-08-05

    申请人： James M. Whelan

    发明人： James M. Whelan

    IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01D53/94 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/76 ,  B01J23/78 ,  C01B17/04 ,  C01B17/50 ,  C01B17/78 ,  C01B21/02 ,  C01B21/26 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C01C3/02 ,  C04B35/50 ,  F23C13/00 ,  F23D13/20

    CPC分类号： F23C13/00 ,  B01D53/8603 ,  B01D53/945 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J23/76 ,  B01J23/78 ,  C01B17/0486 ,  C01B17/508 ,  C01B17/78 ,  C01B21/02 ,  C01B21/265 ,  C01B31/20 ,  C01C3/02 ,  C04B35/50 ,  F23C13/08 ,  Y02T10/22

    摘要： A method of burning a fossil fuel and air with the emmission of an exhaust gas consisting essentially of atmospheric gases, carbon dioxide and water vapor and essentially free of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitric oxide, which comprises burning the fossil fuel at a temperature between 1000.degree. C. and 1500.degree. C. with less than the stoichiometric amount of atmospheric oxygen required for complete combustion of the fossil fuel to yield a combustion gas containing uncombusted fossil fuel, partially combusted fossil fuel, water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and atmospheric nitrogen, said carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide being in the ratio of 100 parts carbon dioxide to between 1 and about 11 parts carbon monoxide; combining said combustion gas with a predetermined amount of an oxygen containing gas to give at least a 1% excess of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen for oxidizing the uncombusted and partially combusted fossil fuel and carbon monoxide; and passing the resulting mixture over a novel ceramic catalyst at a temperature between about 200.degree. C. and about 1000.degree. C. The usable heat energy of said combustion gas may be employed for work. The fossil fuel may also contain sulfur which is oxidized to sulfur trioxide by said catalyst in the presence of excess oxygen.

    摘要翻译： 一种燃烧化石燃料和空气的方法，其中排放了基本上由大气，二氧化碳和水蒸气组成的废气，基本上不含一氧化碳，碳氢化合物和一氧化氮，其中包括在1000℃以下的温度下燃烧化石燃料 低于化学燃料的化学计量量的大气氧，产生含有未燃烧的化石燃料，部分燃烧的化石燃料，水蒸气，二氧化碳，一氧化碳和 所述二氧化碳和一氧化碳的比例为100份二氧化碳与1至约11份的一氧化碳; 将所述燃烧气体与预定量的含氧气体组合，以产生至少1％的化学计量量的氧气，用于氧化未燃烧和部分燃烧的化石燃料和一氧化碳; 并将所得混合物在约200℃至约1000℃的温度下通过新型陶瓷催化剂。所述燃烧气体的可用热能可用于工作。 化石燃料还可以含有硫，其在过量的氧的存在下被所述催化剂氧化成三氧化硫。