摘要:
A valve overlap period is increased as a desired torque of an engine increases by advancing an opening timing of an intake valve at a rate greater than that of retarding a closing timing of an exhaust valve in a low engine-torque area in which the desired torque of the internal combustion engine is relatively low (step S16). The valve overlap period is increased as the desired torque of the engine increases by retarding the closing timing of the exhaust valve at a rate greater than that of advancing the opening timing of the intake valve in a high engine-torque area in which the desired torque of the internal combustion engine is relatively high (step S17). Accordingly, the drivability can be improved by obtaining the proper torque and the smooth torque curve in the wide driving area.
摘要:
A novel bicyclo derivative represented by the following general formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, acts as an effective DPP-IV inhibitor: One example is (2S,4S)-1-[[N-(4-methylbicyclo[2,2,2]oct-1-yl)amino]acetyl]-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile).
摘要:
An exhaust-gas cleaning device comprises an absorption quantity detector (22) for determining the first and second amounts of NOx and oxygen absorbed by a NOx-absorbing material and an oxygen-absorbing material during first and second reference times based on sensing signals fed from an oxygen concentration detector (11), a NOx quantity estimator (23) for obtaining first and second estimated values of the amount of NOx absorbed by the NOx-absorbing material during the first and second reference times in accordance with engine operating condition, and a deterioration detector (24) for making a judgment on deterioration of the NOx-absorbing material based on the first and second amounts of absorption of NOx and oxygen determined by the absorption quantity detector (22) and the first and second estimated values of the amount of NOx obtained by the NOx quantity estimator (23).
摘要:
An engine control device, which is adapted for an engine provided with an NOx-absorbing material arranged in an exhaust passage for absorbing NOx in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and releasing NOx and absorbing sulfur content when the oxygen concentration drops, includes a discriminator for judging whether the amount of sulfur absorbed by the NOx-absorbing material has reached a prescribed quantity, and a reductant concentration controller which increases the temperature of the NOx-absorbing material by decreasing a quantity related to EGR ratio for desulfurizing the NOx-absorbing material based on the result of judgment made by the discriminator. When the quantity related to the EGR ratio is decreased, the temperature of exhaust gas increases. Consequently, the temperature of the NOx-absorbing material increases and the sulfur in the NOx-absorbing material is freed and released.
摘要:
A hybrid vehicle (100) is a parallel hybrid vehicle including a motor/generator (5) arranged between an engine (1) and a transmission (62). The engine (1) is configured to perform lean operation in a low-load operating range. The hybrid vehicle is configured such that a rotation speed at a maximum point of power generation efficiency of the motor/generator (5) is within a rotation speed range (Xa) corresponding to a lower-speed part (a) of a 95% fuel-consumption efficiency operating range (A) of the engine (1).
摘要:
SummaryNovel bicycloester derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have high DPP-IV inhibitory activity.Solving MeansThe novel bicycloester derivatives are represented by the general formula (1): Pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are also included (Example: (2S,4S)-1-[[(N-(4-ethoxycarbonylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-yl)amino]acetyl]-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile)).
摘要:
There is provided a method of starting a spark ignition engine having multiple cylinders. The method comprises supplying air and fuel for restart into a first cylinder before the engine completely stops, and igniting the mixture of the air and the fuel in the first cylinder in response to an engine start request. In accordance with the method, by supplying air and fuel into the first cylinder before the engine completely stops, the mixture of air and fuel in the first cylinder may be homogeneous at the time of the engine start request. Also, there may be less mixture turbulence and combustion may propagate better within the cylinder. These conditions may reduce the rate of combustion in the first cylinder after a start request is initiated. The slower combustion rate may decrease temperature of the combusted gas while the cylinder wall temperature is relatively low because the engine has stopped. As a result, the slower combustion may reduce heat loss in the first cylinder because of the smaller difference between the temperatures of the combusted gas and the cylinder wall. Consequently, more energy may be directed from the first cylinder to the crankshaft, so that the engine restart becomes more reliable.
摘要:
In steps S25 to S42, in order to activate an inactive catalyst earlier, the air-fuel ratio in a combustion chamber is set to be &lgr;≈1 during a period T1 after engine start until catalyst light-off at around 50% HC purifying ratio immediately after the HC purifying ratio begins to rapidly rise, before the catalyst warms up, divisional injection is made at least during the period T1 required until light-off is reached, and a swirl is weakened during the period T1 compared to a latter period which follows this period T1. The divisional injection is made and the swirl is strengthened even during the latter period.
摘要:
A valve overlap period is increased as a desired torque of an engine increases by advancing an opening timing of an intake valve at a rate greater than that of retarding a closing timing of an exhaust valve in a low engine-torque area in which the desired torque of the internal combustion engine is relatively low (step S16). The valve overlap period is increased as the desired torque of the engine increases by retarding the closing timing of the exhaust valve at a rate greater than that of advancing the opening timing of the intake valve in a high engine-torque area in which the desired torque of the internal combustion engine is relatively high (step S17). Accordingly, the drivability can be improved by obtaining the proper torque and the smooth torque curve in the wide driving area.
摘要:
A novel bicyclo derivative represented by the following general formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, acts as an effective DPP-IV inhibitor: One example is (2S,4S)-1-[[N-(4-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-yl)amino]acetyl]-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile).