摘要:
A production plant for producing hot-rolled flat products includes a rolling train composed of a plurality of roll stands, a run-out table with devices for cooling the hot strip, and with subsequently arranged coiling machines for coiling the strip. At least the first roll stand of the rolling train is a reversing stand. At least one reeling furnace each is arranged in front of and following the reversing stand. A controllable cooling unit is provided between the reversing stand and the reeling furnace in front of the reversing stand.
摘要:
In a fuel supply system for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine having a blow-in valve for each cylinder for blowing an easily ignitable mixture of a liquid fuel and a combustion gas via a blow-in nozzle into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the blow-in valve has a pressure connection for supplying pressurized combustion gas to a blow-in nozzle from an external pressure source and the blow-in valve has a piston/cylinder unit for delivering the liquid fuel for injection into the cylinder together with the combustion gas with a plunger of being provided for an at least indirect actuation of a nozzle needle of the blow-in nozzle controlling the injection of a metered quantity of fuel and the combustion gas.
摘要:
A Steckel mill or coiler rolling mill includes at least one reversing stand and drivers and coiler furnaces arranged on the entry side and the exit side of the reversing stand, wherein the reversing stand, the drivers and the coiler furnaces are connected to one another through roller conveyors for the strip to be rolled. At least one heating unit is provided in at least one of the sections formed between the coiler furnaces and the reversing stand, wherein the heating unit covers at least a portion of the section.
摘要:
In a method of operating an internal combustion engine with direct injection of fuel into an engine combustion chamber during a compression stroke of a respective piston wherein first a main fuel volume is injected and subsequently an ignition fuel volume is injected into the combustion chamber, the injection of the main fuel volume is initiated only after about 3/10 of the compression stroke of the piston has been completed.
摘要:
Otto internal-combustion engines having one injector respectively per cylinder for the internal mixture formation can be operated at full load or high partial load by fuel injection in the suction stroke of the piston and, at medium or low partial load, with a compression stroke injection. The compression stroke injection, which is advantageous in this load range, because of low average combustion space temperatures and the tendency to form deposits in the combustion space because of residues of liquid fuel and the resulting impaired operating conditions, can partially be carried out only to a limited degree. In order to provide a process for operating an Otto internal-combustion engine of the above-mentioned type which permits an arbitrary operating period in the medium or low load range, it is provided that, in the operation of the internal-combustion engine with a compression stroke injection, as a function of the time or at least of an operating parameter, independently of the momentary load requirement, a change-over takes place to a suction stroke injection while simultaneously reducing the intake air quantity and, after the conclusion of a certain free-burning interval, a switching-back takes place into the operating mode with the compression stroke injection.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of cleaning or descaling thin slabs and rolled strips in a hot strip rolling mill train and is characterized by use of cryogens such as oxygen or compound formed of cryogens with a carrier medium such as compressed air which are sprayed into slab surface or strip surface in liquid, deep-freeze form. The invention also relates to a method of cleaning and/or descaling of strips in a strip treatment installation with the above-mentioned characterized features, and to a correspondingly equipped apparatus.
摘要:
Switching off a fuel pump of a fuel supply system for the internal combustion engine with the aid of a signal from a retardation sensor of the airbag in the event of a crash in which the motor vehicle is involved is known. To further enhance the safety of motor-vehicle occupants, a method is proposed for an internal combustion engine which has at least one fuel injection valve, a fuel supply system for the at least one fuel injection valve, and a sensor for detecting a crash. After the crash has been detected by means of the sensor, the fuel injection valve is brought into an open position, with the result that fuel is discharged from the fuel supply system of the fuel injection valve into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The method according to the invention is provided for internal combustion engines with at least one fuel injection valve.
摘要:
A method of rolling plates from input stock in several successively arranged work steps, wherein, depending on the desired end product, different numbers of n passes are carried out in one or more roll stands, preferably in a hot-rolling reversing stand. From a pass n-k to a pass n-1, greater pass reductions (smaller strip thicknesses) are rolled at the strip beginning than at the strip end, wherein k is a counting number in the range of from 1 to n-1.
摘要:
A production plant for producing hot-rolled flat products includes a rolling train composed of a plurality of roll stands, a run-out table with devices for cooling the hot strip, and with subsequently arranged coiling machines for coiling the strip. At least the first roll stand of the rolling train is a reversing stand. At least one reeling furnace each is arranged in front of and following the reversing stand. A controllable cooling unit is provided between the reversing stand and the reeling furnace in front of the reversing stand.