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公开(公告)号：US06449382B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09300999
申请日：1999-04-28
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06K9/32 , G06K9/209 , G06T7/292 , G06T2207/30241
摘要： The present invention is in the field of sensor fusion, and discloses in one embodiment a method for extracting the trajectories of moving objects from an assembly of low-resolution sensors, whose spatial relationships are initially unknown, except that their fields of view are known to overlap so as to form a continuous coverage region, which may be much larger than the field of view of any individual sensor. Segments of object trajectories may be extracted from the data of each sensor, and then stitched together to reconstruct the trajectories of the objects. The stitching process also allows determination of the spatial relationships between the sensors, so that from initially knowing little or nothing about the sensor arrangement or the paths of the objects, both may be reconstructed unambiguously.
摘要翻译： 本发明在传感器融合领域，并且在一个实施例中公开了一种用于从空间关系最初未知的低分辨率传感器的组件中提取移动物体的轨迹的方法，除了它们的视野已知 重叠以便形成连续的覆盖区域，其可以比任何单个传感器的视场大得多。 可以从每个传感器的数据中提取物体轨迹的部分，然后缝合在一起以重建对象的轨迹。 缝合过程还允许确定传感器之间的空间关系，使得从关于传感器布置或物体的路径的初步了解很少或没有知道，两者可以被明确地重建。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5208648A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US667773
申请日：1991-03-11
IPC分类号： G01N21/88 , G01J3/42 , G01J3/44 , G01J9/02 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/95 , G01N21/956 , G01Q30/02 , G02B3/00 , G02B21/00 , G02B27/00 , H01L21/66
CPC分类号： G01N21/9505 , G02B21/0016 , G02B3/00 , G01J2003/421 , G01J2009/0207 , G01J3/44 , G01N2021/1725 , G01N2021/1782 , G01N2021/8822 , G01N21/3563 , G01N21/359 , G01N2201/0638 , G01N2201/1087
摘要： Apparatus and a method for performing high resolution optical imaging in the near infrared of internal features of semiconductor wafers uses an optical device made from a material having a high index of refraction and held in very close proximity to the wafer. The optical device may either be a prism or a plano-convex lens. The plano-convex lens may be held in contact with the wafer or separated from the wafer via an air bearing or an optical coupling fluid to allow the sample to be navigated beneath the lens. The lens may be used in a number of optical instruments such as a bright field microscope, a Schlieren microscope, a dark field microscope, a Linnik interferometer, a Raman spectroscope and an absorption spectroscope.
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3.发明授权System and method for automatic thresholding of signals in the presence of Gaussian noise 失效在存在高斯噪声的情况下自动阈值信号的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5204631A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-20
申请号：US703072
申请日：1991-05-20
申请人： Philip C. D. Hobbs
发明人： Philip C. D. Hobbs
IPC分类号： G01R19/165 , G01T1/17 , G08B21/18
CPC分类号： G08B21/182
摘要： A system and method for detecting information signals by automatically thresholding input signals in the presence of noise of accurately known statistics concerning a predetermined acceptable false alarm rate data. A first subcircuit including a comparator and a servo amplifier is used for setting and adjusting a threshold value signal based on the input signal and the statistics concerning a predetermined acceptable false alarm rate. A second comparator is used for comparing the threshold value signal to the input signal, and outputting a signal corresponding to the difference therebetween.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在存在关于预定的可接受的错误报警率数据的精确已知统计数据的噪声的情况下自动阈值输入信号来检测信息信号的系统和方法。 使用包括比较器和伺服放大器的第一分支电路，用于基于输入信号和关于预定的可接受的误报率的统计来设置和调整阈值信号。 第二比较器用于将阈值信号与输入信号进行比较，并输出对应于它们之间的差值的信号。
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公开(公告)号：US5133602A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US682752
申请日：1991-04-08
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205 , G01N2015/0238 , G01N2021/1759 , G01N2021/4792
摘要： A bright-field, particle position determining optical system is disclosed that uses both phase shift and extinction signals to determine particle trajectories. In a first embodiment, a pair of orthogonally polarized beams are positioned along an axis that intersects a particle's flow path at an acute angle. An optical system recombines the beams after they exit the flow path, the combined beams manifesting an elliptical polarization if a particle intersects one of the beams. Bright field detectors detect polarization components of the combined beam, provide a phase shift signal between the beam's orthogonal components and provide corresponding signals to a processor. The processor determines a signal asymmetry from the phase shift signal that is indicative of a particle's position in the flow path. Another embodiment of the invention examines a signal resulting from the beam's phase shift and determines a correction factor that is dependent upon the distance of the particle from the focal plane of the beams. Another embodiment employs a dithering system for cyclically moving one or more optical beams across a particle to further enable its trajectory or position to be determined.
摘要翻译： 公开了使用相移和消光信号来确定粒子轨迹的明场，粒子位置确定光学系统。 在第一实施例中，一对正交偏振光束沿着与颗粒的流动通道以锐角相交的轴线定位。 光束在离开流路之后将光束重新组合，如果粒子与光束之一相交，那么组合光束表现出椭圆极化。 光场检测器检测组合光束的偏振分量，在光束的正交分量之间提供相移信号，并向处理器提供相应的信号。 处理器确定来自指示颗粒在流动路径中的位置的相移信号的信号不对称性。 本发明的另一个实施例检查由光束的相移产生的信号，并确定取决于粒子与光束的焦平面的距离的校正因子。 另一个实施例采用抖动系统来循环移动一个或多个光束穿过颗粒，以进一步确定其轨迹或位置。
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公开(公告)号：US07889992B1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-15
申请号：US12563183
申请日：2009-09-21
IPC分类号： H04B10/16
CPC分类号： G06N99/002 , B82Y10/00
摘要： A hybrid superconductor-optical quantum repeater is provided. The hybrid superconductor-optical quantum repeater comprises an optical subsystem configured to receive an optical signal via an optical channel and a superconductor subsystem coupled to the optical subsystem. The optical subsystem and superconductor subsystem are coupled to one another via a microwave transmission medium. The optical subsystem is configured to receive an optical signal via the optical channel and down-convert a photon of the optical signal to a microwave photon in a microwave output signal that is output to the superconductor subsystem via the microwave transmission medium. The superconductor subsystem stores a quantum state of the microwave photon and transmits the microwave photon along an output channel from the superconductor subsystem.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种混合超导体光量子中继器。 混合超导体光量子转发器包括被配置为经由光学信道接收光学信号的光学子系统和耦合到光学子系统的超导体子系统。 光学子系统和超导体子系统通过微波传输介质相互耦合。 光学子系统经配置以通过光通道接收光信号，并将微信号的光信号经微波传输介质输出到超导体子系统的微波输出信号中，将光信号下转换成微波光子。 超导体子系统存储微波光子的量子态，并从超导体子系统沿着输出通道传输微波光子。
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公开(公告)号：US07412134B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US11540268
申请日：2006-09-30
IPC分类号： G02B6/34
CPC分类号： G02B6/2821 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/02033 , G02B6/03622 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/29316 , G02B6/421 , G02B6/4249
摘要： A single-mode optical waveguide with a core, surrounded by a cladding consisting of an inner soft layer and an outer harder layer is described. The outer layer has a grating structure on its inner surface, whose spatial frequency is the same as that of the guided mode. The thickness of the inner cladding is sufficient to keep the grating outside the mode field in undeformed regions of the waveguide, so that normally no out-coupling of the light results. Connections are made by crossing two such waveguides at an angle and pressing them together. This results in deformation of the two waveguides such that the gratings are brought into proximity with the cores. Light is coupled out of one waveguide and into the other in the deformed region, resulting in a self-aligning optical connection. The out-coupled light propagates normal to the waveguide axis, so errors in the crossing angle cause little change in efficiency. Because the cladding system is sufficiently resilient to recover after deformation, the connection is remakeable.
摘要翻译： 描述了具有由包含内软层和外硬层的覆层围绕的芯的单模光波导。 外层在其内表面具有光栅结构，其空间频率与导向模式相同。 内包层的厚度足以将光栅保持在波导的未变形区域中的模场外，使得通常不会导致光的外耦合。 通过将两个这样的波导以一定角度交叉并将它们压在一起而形成连接。 这导致两个波导的变形，使得光栅与芯接近。 光从一个波导耦合到变形区域中的另一个，导致自对准光学连接。 输出耦合光垂直于波导轴传播，因此交叉角的误差几乎不会导致效率的变化。 因为包层系统具有足够的弹性以在变形后恢复，所以连接是可重新制造的。
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公开(公告)号：US5638176A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-10
申请号：US670046
申请日：1996-06-25
CPC分类号： G01B11/26 , A61B3/113 , G02B27/0093 , G06K9/00604
摘要： An inexpensive eye tracking system requires no head gear. The eye tracking system uses the interference fringes between the corneal glint and the "red eye" retinal reflection to obtain an angularly resolved, background-immune eye point signal for use as a pointing device for personal computers. Tunable (eye safe) diode laser spectroscopy is used to measure the period and amplitude of the Fabry-Perot fringes caused by the interference between the corneal glint and the "red" reflection form the retina.
摘要翻译： 廉价的眼睛跟踪系统不需要头档。 眼睛跟踪系统使用角膜闪烁和“红眼”视网膜反射之间的干涉条纹，以获得用于个人计算机的定点装置的角度分辨的背景免疫眼点信号。 可调谐（眼睛安全）二极管激光光谱仪用于测量由角膜闪烁和视网膜“红色”反射之间的干涉引起的法布里 - 珀罗条纹的周期和幅度。
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8.发明授权Noise cancelling circuitry for optical systems with signal dividing and combining means 失效噪声消除电路与信号分配和组合方式的光学系统
公开(公告)号：US5134276A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US594178
申请日：1990-10-09
申请人： Philip C. D. Hobbs
发明人： Philip C. D. Hobbs
CPC分类号： G01J1/16 , G01S7/493 , H01S3/1303
摘要： A noise suppression system is described for use with a laser measurement system in which a beam sampler divides the laser beam into a signal beam and a sample beam. The signal beam is passed through an optical system before being received at the detector while the sample beam is received directly at the detector. The beam sampler is selected such that the received sample beam has a slightly greater steady-state intensity than the received signal beam. The detector circuitry includes two linear wideband photodetectors which produce respective signal and sample currents of opposite polarity. The sample photocurrent is subdivided into two component currents, one of which has substantially the same direct current (DC) value as the signal photocurrent. This component is combined with the signal photocurrent to cancel undesirable noise components in the original laser beam. In a second embodiment of the invention, the dividing circuitry is controlled in a feedback loop to keep the DC portion of the output current at zero.
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公开(公告)号：US5986759A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US127430
申请日：1998-07-13
IPC分类号： G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01B3/00 , G01B9/02068 , G01B2290/25
摘要： Method and apparatus for realizing unusually sensitive and stable interferometric measurement capabilities. The apparatus comprises an optical interferometer with at least two optical outputs, the ratio of whose intensities can vary with a tuning parameter; and at least one detector, each of which is optically connected to the interferometer, and producing in aggregate at least two linearly-independent signals that depend on the light intensity and the tuning parameter, which are combined to produce a first measurement whose sensitivity to light intensity changes is substantially smaller than that of either of the two linearly-independent signals, and a second measurement whose sensitivity to the tuning parameter is substantially smaller than that of either of the two linearly-independent signals.
摘要翻译： 用于实现异常敏感和稳定的干涉测量能力的方法和装置。 该装置包括具有至少两个光学输出的光学干涉仪，其强度可以随着调谐参数而变化; 以及至少一个检测器，其中的每一个光学连接到干涉仪，并且集合地产生取决于光强度和调谐参数的至少两个线性独立的信号，其被组合以产生对光敏感的第一测量 强度变化明显小于两个线性独立信号中任一个的强度变化，而对调谐参数的灵敏度显着小于两个线性独立信号中的任一个的灵敏度的第二测量。
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公开(公告)号：US5316970A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-31
申请号：US895181
申请日：1992-06-05
申请人： John S. Batchelder , Vaughn P. Gross , Robert A. Gruver , Philip C. D. Hobbs , Kenneth D. Murray
发明人： John S. Batchelder , Vaughn P. Gross , Robert A. Gruver , Philip C. D. Hobbs , Kenneth D. Murray
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , B01J19/12 , H01L21/00 , H01L21/304 , H05F3/06
CPC分类号： H01L21/67028 , H05F3/06 , Y10S430/138 , Y10S438/909
摘要： Ionization of air without the use of corona discharge tips, thereby to avoid the generation of particulates from corrosion of the corona tips, is accomplished by use of a laser beam focussed to a small focal volume of intense electric field adjacent a semiconductor chip. The electric field is sufficiently intense to ionize air. In the manufacture of a semiconductor circuit chip, during those steps which are conducted in an air environment, opportunity exists to remove from a surface of a chip, or wafer, charge acquired during the manufacturing process. The ionized air is passed along the chip surface. Ions in the air discharge local regions of the chip surface which have become charged by steps of a manufacturing process. By way of further embodiment of the invention, the ionization may be produced by injection of molecules of water into the air, which molecules are subsequently ionized by a laser beam and directed toward the chip via a light shield with the aid of a magnetic field.
摘要翻译： 通过使用聚焦于与半导体芯片相邻的强电场的小焦点体积的激光束来实现空气的离子化，而不使用电晕放电尖端，从而避免由于电晕尖端的腐蚀而产生微粒。 电场足够强以使空气电离。 在半导体电路芯片的制造中，在空气环境中进行的那些步骤中，存在从制造过程中获取的芯片或晶片的表面去除电荷的机会。 电离空气沿芯片表面通过。 芯片表面的空气放电局部区域中的离子通过制造过程的步骤而被充电。 通过本发明的进一步的实施方式，电离可以通过将水分子注入到空气中来产生，该分子随后通过激光束被电离，并借助于磁场通过光屏指向芯片。
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