摘要:
Solutions for solutions for utilizing Inverse Reactive Ion Etching lag in double patterning contact formation are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes providing a CMOS device including: an NMOS device having an NMOS gate and a PMOS device having a PMOS gate; a shallow trench isolation located between the NMOS device and the PMOS device; and an inter-level dielectric located over the NMOS device, the PMOS device and the shallow trench isolation; performing a double-patterning etch process on the CMOS device under conditions causing inverse reactive ion etching lag, the performing including forming a first opening, a second opening and a third opening, the second opening being wider than the first opening, and the third opening being contiguous with the second opening; and forming a first contact in the first opening and forming a second contact in both of the second opening and the third opening.
摘要:
A method for reducing the size of a patterned semiconductor feature includes forming a first layer over a substrate to be patterned, and forming a photoresist layer over the first layer. The photoresist layer is patterned so as to expose portions of the first layer, and the exposed portions of the first layer are removed in a manner so as to create an undercut region beneath the patterned photoresist layer. The patterned photoresist layer is reflowed so as to cause reflowed portions of the patterned photoresist layer to occupy at least a portion of the undercut region.
摘要:
The present invention encompasses polyurethane compositions comprising aliphatic polycarbonate chains. In one aspect, the present invention encompasses polyurethane foams, thermoplastics and elastomers derived from aliphatic polycarbonate polyols and polyisocyanates wherein the polyol chains contain a primary repeating unit having a structure: In another aspect, the invention provides articles comprising the inventive foam and elastomer compositions as well as methods of making such compositions.
摘要:
The present disclosure describes polymer compositions comprising aliphatic polycarbonate chains containing epoxy functional groups. In certain embodiments, the aliphatic polycarbonate chains comprise epoxy functional groups capable of participating in epoxide ring-opening reactions. In certain embodiments, the invention encompasses composites formed by the reaction of nucleophilic reagents and epoxide functional groups, wherein the epoxide functional groups are located on aliphatic polycarbonate chains.
摘要:
In one aspect, the present invention provides catalysts for the carbonylation of heterocycles. The inventive catalysts feature metal-ligand complexes having cationic functional groups tethered to the ligand, wherein the tethered cationic groups are associated with anionic metal carbonyl species. The invention also provides methods of using the inventive catalysts to affect the ring opening carbonylation of epoxides.
摘要:
In one aspect, the present disclosure encompasses polymerization systems for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides comprising 1) a catalyst including a metal coordination compound having a permanent ligand set and at least one ligand that is a polymerization initiator, and 2) a chain transfer agent having two or more sites that can initiate polymerization. In a second aspect, the present disclosure encompasses methods for the synthesis of polycarbonate polyols using the inventive polymerization systems. In a third aspect, the present disclosure encompasses polycarbonate polyol compositions characterized in that the polymer chains have a high percentage of —OH end groups and a high percentage of carbonate linkages. The compositions are further characterized in that they contain polymer chains having an embedded polyfunctional moiety linked to a plurality of individual polycarbonate chains.
摘要:
The disclosure pertains to amphiphilic block copolymers comprising an aliphatic polycarbonate chain coupled to a hydrophilic polymer. Such amphiphilic polymers may have the formula A-L-B, where A- is a polycarbonate or polyethercarbonate chain having from about 3 to about 500 repeating units, L is a linker moiety and —B is a hydrophilic oligomer having from about 4 to about 200 repeating units. Provided copolymers are useful as surfactants capable of emulsifying aqueous solutions and supercritical carbon dioxide. Provided copolymers also have utility as additives for use in enhanced oil recovery methods.
摘要:
Continuous flow systems and methods produce succinic anhydride by a double carbonylation of ethylene oxide with carbon monoxide and at least one catalyst. In some embodiments, the double carbonylation occurs using a single catalyst. In other embodiments, a first catalyst is used to promote the first carbonylation, and a second catalyst different from the first catalyst is used to promote the second carbonylation. The succinic anhydride is isolated from the product stream by crystallization and the catalyst is recycled to the reaction stream.
摘要:
In one aspect, the present disclosure encompasses polymerization systems for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides comprising 1) a catalyst including a metal coordination compound having a permanent ligand set and at least one ligand that is a polymerization initiator, and 2) a chain transfer agent having two or more sites that can initiate polymerization. In a second aspect, the present disclosure encompasses methods for the synthesis of polycarbonate polyols using the inventive polymerization systems. In a third aspect, the present disclosure encompasses polycarbonate polyol compositions characterized in that the polymer chains have a high percentage of —OH end groups and a high percentage of carbonate linkages. The compositions are further characterized in that they contain polymer chains having an embedded polyfunctional moiety linked to a plurality of individual polycarbonate chains.
摘要:
(Salph or methoxy salph) Co (initiating ligand) catalyze homopolymerizing rac-PO to produce pure highly isotactic PPO and rac-1-butylene oxide to produce pure isotactic poly(butylene oxide). A product is unfractionated isotactic PPO of m-dyad content >81%, normally at least 99%.