公开(公告)号：US06320994B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

申请号：US09470878

申请日：1999-12-22

申请人： David K. Donald ,  Julie E. Fouquet ,  Mark A. Troll

发明人： David K. Donald ,  Julie E. Fouquet ,  Mark A. Troll

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/3536 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3574 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  G02B6/3596 ,  G02B26/004

摘要： An optical switch that is constructed on a substrate having first and second waveguides that intersect at a gap having a predetermined width. The first and second waveguides are positioned such that light traversing the first waveguide enters the second waveguide when the gap is filled with a liquid having a first index of refraction. The gap is part of a trench in the substrate having a first region that includes the gap and a second region adjacent to the first region. The second region has a width greater than the width of the first region. A liquid having the first index of refraction is disposed in the first region. The liquid generates a gas when heated to a predetermined temperature. A first heater is disposed in the first region for heating the liquid to the predetermined temperature thereby generating a gas bubble in the liquid at the gap. Light traversing the first waveguide is reflected by the gap when the gap is filled with a gas. To change the switch into the non-reflecting state, the bubble is displaced to the second region of the trench, in response to a control signal. The displacement mechanism can be constructed from a second heater having a portion thereof located in the first region between the first heater and the second region. The displacement mechanism can also be constructed from a mechanism that applies a pressure differential across the first region thereby causing the bubble to partially extend into the second region. A third waveguide having an end terminating on the trench can also be included in the optical switch. The third waveguide is positioned such that light traversing the first waveguide enters the third waveguide when the gap is not filled with liquid.

摘要翻译： 一种光学开关，其构造在具有在具有预定宽度的间隙相交的第一和第二波导的基板上。 第一和第二波导被定位成使得当间隙填充有具有第一折射率的液体时，穿过第一波导的光进入第二波导。 间隙是衬底中具有包括间隙的第一区域和与第一区域相邻的第二区域的沟槽的一部分。 第二区域的宽度大于第一区域的宽度。 具有第一折射率的液体设置在第一区域中。 当加热至预定温度时，液体产生气体。 第一加热器设置在第一区域中，用于将液体加热至预定温度，从而在间隙处在液体中产生气泡。 当间隙充满气体时，穿过第一波导的光被间隙反射。 为了将开关变为非反射状态，响应于控制信号，气泡移动到沟槽的第二区域。 位移机构可以由具有位于第一加热器和第二区域之间的第一区域中的一部分的第二加热器构成。 位移机构还可以由跨越第一区域施加压差的机构构成，从而使气泡部分延伸到第二区域。 具有端接在沟槽上的端部的第三波导也可以包括在光开关中。 定位第三波导，使得当间隙未填充液体时，穿过第一波导的光进入第三波导。

公开(公告)号：US5699462A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-16

申请号：US663503

申请日：1996-06-14

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Phillip W. Barth ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Leslie A. Field ,  Eric G. Hanson ,  Long Yang ,  David K. Donald

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Phillip W. Barth ,  Kok-Wai Chang ,  Leslie A. Field ,  Eric G. Hanson ,  Long Yang ,  David K. Donald

IPC分类号： G02B26/08 ,  G02B6/35 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02F1/19 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/00

CPC分类号： G02B26/004 ,  G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  G02B6/3584 ,  G02B6/3596

摘要： A switching element defines a transmitting state and a reflecting state for a pair of intersecting waveguides that have a gap at their intersection. In the preferred embodiment, the switching element exhibits total internal reflection at the gap sidewall from one waveguide to the other when not in the transmitting state. In the transmitting state, index-matching liquid fills the gap, enabling light to continue in the original waveguide direction. The switching element may use ink jet techniques or bubble techniques to displace index-matching liquid. The index-matching fluid may be projected from a gap between the waveguides by a jet mechanism, or a vapor or dissolved gas bubble may be formed to fill the gap between the waveguides to provide the reflecting state for the switching element. Using either of the techniques, heaters are employed to initiate the switching operation. In some embodiments, more than one heater is utilized. In the preferred embodiment, waveguides are formed on one substrate and heaters are formed on another. Then the substrates are aligned and bonded together to position the heaters in very close proximity to the intersection between the waveguides. Preferably, the switching element is one element in a matrix of such elements for routing signals between arrays of input and output waveguides.

摘要翻译： 开关元件限定了在其交叉点处具有间隙的一对相交波导的发射状态和反射状态。 在优选实施例中，当不处于发送状态时，开关元件在从一个波导到另一个波导的间隙侧壁处呈现全内反射。 在透射状态下，折射率匹配液体填充间隙，使光能够沿原始波导方向继续。 开关元件可以使用喷墨技术或气泡技术来移位折射率匹配液体。 折射率匹配流体可以通过喷射机构从波导之间的间隙突出，或者可以形成蒸气或溶解的气泡以填充波导之间的间隙，以提供开关元件的反射状态。 使用这些技术之一，采用加热器来启动切换操作。 在一些实施例中，使用多于一个的加热器。 在优选实施例中，在一个基板上形成波导，另一个形成加热器。 然后将基板对准并结合在一起，以将加热器定位在非常接近波导之间的交叉点处。 优选地，开关元件是用于在输入和输出波导阵列之间路由信号的这种元件的矩阵中的一个元件。

公开(公告)号：US5960131A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-28

申请号：US18772

申请日：1998-02-04

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  David K. Donald ,  Datong Chen ,  Kok Wai Chang

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  David K. Donald ,  Datong Chen ,  Kok Wai Chang

IPC分类号： H01B11/00 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/30 ,  G02B6/35 ,  G02B6/36 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B6/26

CPC分类号： G02B6/3538 ,  G02B26/004 ,  G02B6/305 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3568 ,  G02B6/3596 ,  G02B6/3636 ,  G02B6/3652

摘要： A switching element that selectively couples a first optical path to a second optical path through an index-matching fluid includes a tapering region along each of the optical paths to achieve high coupling efficiency at both ends of substrate waveguides that form portions of the two optical paths. The two substrate waveguides are separated by a gap that is filled with the index-matching fluid in order to optically couple the two waveguides. The ends of the waveguides located at the gap have relatively large cross sectional areas to promote high coupling efficiency across the gap. For example, the cross sectional dimensions may be approximately 16 .mu.m.times.8 .mu.m at the interior ends of the two substrate waveguides. On the other hand, the exterior ends have significantly smaller cross sectional areas in order to promote high coupling efficiency to optical fibers. For example, the cross sectional dimensions of an external end may be 8 .mu.m.times.8 .mu.m. The substrate waveguides are adiabatically tapered in order to inhibit reflection. In another embodiment, the tapering regions of the two optical paths are formed along the optical fibers, rather than along the substrate waveguides.

摘要翻译： 通过折射率匹配流体选择性地将第一光路耦合到第二光路的开关元件包括沿着每个光路的逐渐变细的区域，以在形成两个光路的部分的衬底波导的两端处实现高的耦合效率 。 两个衬底波导被填充有折射率匹配流体的间隙分开，以便光耦合两个波导。 位于间隙处的波导的端部具有相对较大的横截面积，以促进间隙上的高耦合效率。 例如，在两个基板波导的内端处的横截面尺寸可以为大约16μm×50μm。 另一方面，为了促进光纤的高耦合效率，外端具有明显较小的横截面积。 例如，外端的横截面尺寸可以是8m×8μm。 衬底波导是绝热的锥形以抑制反射。 在另一个实施例中，沿着光纤而不是沿着衬底波导形成两个光路的渐缩区域。

公开(公告)号：US08436709B2

公开(公告)日：2013-05-07

申请号：US12984565

申请日：2011-01-04

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gek Yong Ng ,  Richard Baumgartner ,  Gary R. Trott

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gek Yong Ng ,  Richard Baumgartner ,  Gary R. Trott

IPC分类号： H01F5/00

CPC分类号： H01F19/08 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F17/0013 ,  H01F27/2804 ,  H01F27/40 ,  H01F2019/085 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48195 ,  H01L2224/49175 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/30111 ,  H03F3/45192 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F2203/45008 ,  H03F2203/45101 ,  H03F2203/45586 ,  H03H7/52 ,  H04L25/0266 ,  Y10T29/4902 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： Disclosed herein are various embodiments of coil transducers and galvanic isolators configured to provide high voltage isolation and high voltage breakdown performance characteristics in small packages. A coil transducer is provided across which data or power signals may be transmitted and received by primary and secondary coils disposed on opposing sides thereof without high voltage breakdowns occurring therebetween. At least portions of the coil transducer are formed of an electrically insulating, non-metallic, non-semiconductor, low dielectric loss material. Circuits are disclosed herein that permit high speed data signals to be transmitted through the coil transducer and faithfully and accurately reconstructed on the opposing side thereof. The coil transducer may be formed in a small package using, by way of example, printed circuit board, CMOS and other fabrication and packaging processes.

公开(公告)号：US20100176660A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-15

申请号：US12731999

申请日：2010-03-25

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gary R. Trott

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gary R. Trott

IPC分类号： H02M3/06

CPC分类号： H01F19/08 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F17/0013 ,  H01F27/2804 ,  H01F27/40 ,  H01F2019/085 ,  H01L25/16 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H03H7/46 ,  H03H7/52 ,  H04B5/005 ,  H04B5/0093 ,  H04L25/0266 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A galvanic isolator having a split circuit element, a polymeric substrate, a transmitter and receiver is disclosed. The split circuit element has first and second portions, the first portion being disposed on a first surface of the substrate and the second portion being disposed a second surface of the substrate. The transmitter receives an input signal and couples a signal derived from the input signal to the first portion. The receiver is connected to the second portion of the circuit element and generates an output signal that is coupled to an external circuit. The galvanic isolator can be economically fabricated on conventional printed circuit board substrates and flexible circuit substrates.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有分路电路元件，聚合物基板，发射器和接收器的电隔离器。 分路电路元件具有第一和第二部分，第一部分设置在基板的第一表面上，第二部分设置在基板的第二表面上。 发射机接收输入信号并将从输入信号导出的信号耦合到第一部分。 接收器连接到电路元件的第二部分，并产生耦合到外部电路的输出信号。 电流隔离器可以经济地制造在常规印刷电路板基板和柔性电路基板上。

公开(公告)号：US20080074652A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-27

申请号：US11521750

申请日：2006-09-15

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Richard Haven ,  Shalini Venkatesh ,  Akihiro Machida

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Richard Haven ,  Shalini Venkatesh ,  Akihiro Machida

IPC分类号： G01C21/02 ,  G01J1/20

CPC分类号： G01C21/02 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J2001/061 ,  G01V8/22 ,  G08B13/184

摘要： Embodiments of the present invention include a system for detecting entry of an object from a first area into a second area. The system includes a light source for generating a light beam, the light beam defining a boundary between the first area and the second area. The system further includes a retroreflector positioned across from the light source, the retroreflector for reflecting the light beam back towards the light source and a photodetector positioned adjacent to the light source, the photodetector for detecting the reflected light beam wherein the photodetector generates a signal in response to detecting an interruption in the light beam signaling entry of an object from the first area to the second area.

摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例包括用于检测物体从第一区域进入第二区域的系统。 该系统包括用于产生光束的光源，光束限定第一区域和第二区域之间的边界。 该系统还包括位于光源两端的后向反射器，用于将光束反射回光源的后向反射器和邻近光源定位的光电检测器，用于检测反射光束的光电检测器，其中光电检测器产生信号 响应于检测对象从第一区域到第二区域的光束信令输入中的中断。

公开(公告)号：US09019057B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-28

申请号：US12059979

申请日：2008-03-31

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gek Yong Ng ,  Richard Baumgartner ,  Gary R. Trott

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gek Yong Ng ,  Richard Baumgartner ,  Gary R. Trott

IPC分类号： H01F5/00 ,  H01F27/06 ,  H01F27/30 ,  H01F27/28 ,  H01F19/08 ,  H03F3/45 ,  H03H7/52 ,  H04L25/02 ,  H01F17/00 ,  H01F27/40

CPC分类号： H01F19/08 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F17/0013 ,  H01F27/2804 ,  H01F27/40 ,  H01F2019/085 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48195 ,  H01L2224/49175 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/30111 ,  H03F3/45192 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F2203/45008 ,  H03F2203/45101 ,  H03F2203/45586 ,  H03H7/52 ,  H04L25/0266 ,  Y10T29/4902 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： Disclosed herein are various embodiments of coil transducers and galvanic isolators configured to provide high voltage isolation and high voltage breakdown performance characteristics in small packages. A coil transducer is provided across which data or power signals may be transmitted and received by primary and secondary coils disposed on opposing sides thereof without high voltage breakdowns occurring therebetween. At least portions of the coil transducer are formed of an electrically insulating, non-metallic, non-semiconductor, low dielectric loss material. Circuits are disclosed herein that permit high speed data signals to be transmitted through the coil transducer and faithfully and accurately reconstructed on the opposing side thereof. The coil transducer may be formed in a small package using, by way of example, printed circuit board, CMOS and other fabrication and packaging processes.

摘要翻译： 本文公开了线圈换能器和电流隔离器的各种实施例，其被配置为在小封装中提供高电压隔离和高电压击穿性能特性。 提供线圈换能器，数据或功率信号可以通过其设置在其相对侧上的主要和次要线圈传输和接收，而其间发生高压击穿。 线圈换能器的至少部分由电绝缘的非金属非半导体低介电损耗材料形成。 本文公开了允许高速数据信号通过线圈换能器传输并在其相对侧上忠实且精确地重建的电路。 线圈传感器可以使用例如印刷电路板，CMOS和其它制造和封装工艺形成为小封装。

公开(公告)号：US08385028B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US12731999

申请日：2010-03-25

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gary R. Trott

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Gary R. Trott

IPC分类号： H01F38/14 ,  H05K1/11 ,  H05K1/18

CPC分类号： H01F19/08 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F17/0013 ,  H01F27/2804 ,  H01F27/40 ,  H01F2019/085 ,  H01L25/16 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H03H7/46 ,  H03H7/52 ,  H04B5/005 ,  H04B5/0093 ,  H04L25/0266 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A galvanic isolator having a split circuit element, a polymeric substrate, a transmitter and receiver is disclosed. The split circuit element has first and second portions, the first portion being disposed on a first surface of the substrate and the second portion being disposed a second surface of the substrate. The transmitter receives an input signal and couples a signal derived from the input signal to the first portion. The receiver is connected to the second portion of the circuit element and generates an output signal that is coupled to an external circuit. The galvanic isolator can be economically fabricated on conventional printed circuit board substrates and flexible circuit substrates.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有分路电路元件，聚合物基板，发射器和接收器的电隔离器。 分路电路元件具有第一和第二部分，第一部分设置在基板的第一表面上，第二部分设置在基板的第二表面上。 发射机接收输入信号并将从输入信号导出的信号耦合到第一部分。 接收器连接到电路元件的第二部分，并产生耦合到外部电路的输出信号。 电流隔离器可以经济地制造在常规印刷电路板基板和柔性电路基板上。

公开(公告)号：US07948067B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-24

申请号：US12495733

申请日：2009-06-30

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Richard A. Baumgartner ,  Gary Tay ,  Dominique Ho

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Richard A. Baumgartner ,  Gary Tay ,  Dominique Ho

IPC分类号： H01L23/495

CPC分类号： H01L23/645 ,  H01L23/495 ,  H01L23/49531 ,  H01L23/49575 ,  H01L24/48 ,  H01L2224/4826 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/09701 ,  H01L2924/12041 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/30107 ,  H01L2924/00 ,  H01L2224/45099 ,  H01L2224/45015 ,  H01L2924/207

摘要： In an embodiment, the invention provides a coil transducer isolator package comprising at least one lead frame, at least two integrated circuits (ICs) and a flex circuit comprising at least a first coil transducer. The first coil transducer comprises at least one metal coil. The coil transducer isolator package is fabricated such that no portion of the lead frame is physically located within a spatial volume extending substantially perpendicular to the at least one metal coil. The boundaries of the spatial volume are defined by a periphery of the at least one metal coil. At least one of the two ICs is at least partially located within the spatial volume extending substantially perpendicular to the at least one metal coil.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，本发明提供了一种线圈换能器隔离器封装，其包括至少一个引线框架，至少两个集成电路（IC）和至少包括第一线圈换能器的柔性电路。 第一线圈换能器包括至少一个金属线圈。 线圈换能器隔离器封装被制造成使得引线框架的任何部分物理上位于基本上垂直于至少一个金属线圈延伸的空间体积内。 空间体积的边界由至少一个金属线圈的外围限定。 两个IC中的至少一个至少部分地位于基本上垂直于至少一个金属线圈延伸的空间体积内。

公开(公告)号：US07741943B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-22

申请号：US12392978

申请日：2009-02-25

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Calvin B. Ward

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Calvin B. Ward

IPC分类号： H01F5/00

CPC分类号： H01F27/2804 ,  H01F2027/2809 ,  H01F2027/2819 ,  Y10T29/4902

摘要： A component coil for constructing transformers and the transformer constructed therefrom are disclosed. The component coil includes a substrate having an insulating layer of material having top and bottom surfaces. First and second traces are included on the top and bottom surfaces. Each trace includes a spiral conductor. The inner ends of the spiral conductors are connected by a conductor that passes through the insulating layer. The first and second spiral conductors are oriented such that magnetic fields generated by the first and second spiral conductors have components perpendicular to the top surface and in the same direction. The component coils can be used to construct a power transformer or a galvanic isolator.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于构造变压器的元件线圈和由其构成的变压器。 元件线圈包括具有顶表面和底表面的材料绝缘层的基片。 第一和第二迹线包括在顶部和底部表面上。 每个轨迹都包括螺旋导体。 螺旋导体的内端由穿过绝缘层的导体连接。 第一和第二螺旋导体被定向成使得由第一和第二螺旋导体产生的磁场具有垂直于顶表面并沿相同方向的分量。 元件线圈可用于构建电力变压器或电流隔离器。