摘要:
A color picture is separated into three color component pictures, which are divided respectively by first, second and third block coding means into blocks and encoded. In the first block coding means, one of the color component pictures is encoded, for each block, into gray level codes representing gray level components in the block and a resolution code representing the distribution of the gray level codes in the block. In this case, when the gray level in the block undergoes a little change, an average gray level can be used as the gray level code and the resolution code can be omitted. The second and third block coding means may be identical in construction with the first block coding means. The resolution code of the block obtained by the first block coding means can also be employed in the coding of the corresponding blocks by the second and third block coding means. In the first block coding means, the size of the blocks into which the color component picture is divided is altered locally in accordance with the state of the color component picture. The block size thus changed in the first block coding means can also be used in the coding by the second and third block coding means.
摘要:
A cylinder body includes a cylinder hole and a discharge flow passage. The cylinder hole receives a plunger and forms a pressurizing chamber in one axial end portion thereof. The discharge flow passage is connected to the pressurizing chamber and is adapted to guide and discharge the pressurized fuel from the pressurizing chamber to an outside of the housing. A connection opening of the discharge flow passage is formed in a hole wall of the cylinder hole. A pressure is applied to a predetermined prestressing subject area in the hole wall of the cylinder hole and a passage wall of the discharge flow passage through autofrettage to generate a residual compression stress in the predetermined prestressing subject area and thereby to form a prestressed area of a final product. The prestressing subject area includes an inner peripheral edge of the connection opening.
摘要:
A fuel injection device includes a fuel supply pump, an injector, a filter, a circulation flow passage, an introduction valve, a circulation flow valve and a check valve. The injector supplies fuel discharged from the fuel supply pump to an engine, and the filter is arranged upstream of the fuel supply pump. The circulation flow passage introduces high-pressure fuel into the filter from a high-pressure flow passage provided between the fuel supply pump and the injector by opening of the introduction valve. The circulation flow valve is provided in the circulation flow passage and allows or interrupts inflow of fuel from the circulation flow passage into the filter depending on a fuel temperature. The check valve is provided upstream of the circulation flow valve to prevent backflow, and opens when a fuel pressure in the circulation flow passage is higher than a predetermined pressure.
摘要:
A semiconductor device has first wiring layers 30 and a plurality of dummy wiring layers 32 that are provided on the same level as the first wiring layers 30. The semiconductor device defines a row direction, and first virtual linear lines L1 extending in a direction traversing the row direction. The row direction and the first virtual linear lines L1 define an angle of 2-40 degrees, and the dummy wiring layers 32 are disposed in a manner to be located on the first virtual linear lines L1. The semiconductor device also defines a column direction perpendicular to the row direction, and second virtual linear lines L2 extending in a direction traversing the column direction. The column direction and the second virtual linear lines L2 define an angle of 2-40 degrees, and the dummy wiring layers 32 are disposed in a manner to be located on the second virtual linear lines L2.
摘要:
In a fuel injection pump, a helical gear is attached to an end of a camshaft and rotatable with the camshaft. The camshaft is biased in one axial direction thereof by a driving force that the helical gear receives from an engine crankshaft. A disk is provided in a position of the camshaft extending forward from a cam to the direction in which the camshaft is biased. An axial movement of the disk is restricted via a washer by an end of a bearing cover. The disk is formed in the same axis to a portion of the camshaft that is held by a journal bearing. An outer diameter of the disk is larger than that of the cam. An area where the disk and the washer are in sliding contact with each other is relatively large and the sliding regions thereof are constant so that hammer noises are prevented and frictional wear thereof are limited.
摘要:
A fuel injection pump has a drive shaft. A cam rotates together with the drive shaft. A plurality of plungers, slidably supported by a pump housing and driven by the cam, reciprocate in accordance with rotation of the cam to pressurize the fuel introduced in a fuel pressurizing chamber. The pressurized fuel is fed to an accumulator via a fuel feed passage formed in the pump housing. A pipe joint portion is integrally formed with the pump housing and is directly connected to a piping member of the accumulator.
摘要:
In a fuel injection pump, flat sections are provided around a connecting segment located between an inner wall surface of a pump housing defining a fuel pressurizing chamber and an inner wall surface of a fuel intake passage as well as a connecting segment located between the wall surface of the pump housing and an inner wall surface of a fuel discharge passage 15 to spread stresses concentrated in upper and lower intersecting points of each connecting segment over an entire periphery of the connecting segment. As a result, the strength of the fuel injection pump is improved to allow use of higher fuel injection pressures. Furthermore, the strength of the fuel injection pump is improved without increasing a wall thickness of the pump housing, so that a size of the fuel injection pump is not increased.
摘要:
An optical pick-up according to the present invention is designed such that laser beams having different polarization directions or different radiation angles are irradiated from laser beam sources formed in a surface emitting laser array to change the effective numerical aperture of an optical element having an objective lens, or the like. An optical pick-up having high capability with an optical disk having a low recording density and a thick substrate according to the CD standard, and an optical disk having a high recording density and a thin substrate according to the DVD standard, can be realized. A plurality of laser beam sources can be formed in a small space by employing a surface emitting laser array, and the numerical aperture of the optical system can be controlled by selecting a laser beam. For this reason, an optical pick-up having compatibility can be realized with an extremely simple arrangement, and a compact and high-performance optical pick-up can be provided at low cost.
摘要:
A method for dismantling a furnace having a multilayered refractory structure including: a furnace shell; a containing layer that is formed of a containing refractory that contains asbestos, and covers the inner side of the furnace shell; and a multilayered non-containing layer that is formed of a non-containing refractory that contains no asbestos, and covers the inner side of the containing layer, the method includes: a primary dismantling process; and a secondary dismantling process conducted after the primary dismantling process. In the primary dismantling process, the non-containing layer is dismantled from a furnace-core side thereof but the containing layer and at least one layer of the layers forming the non-containing layer, which is in contact with the containing layer, are left as a remnant. In the secondary dismantling process, the remnant is dismantled while asbestos measures are implemented.
摘要:
A fluorine insolubilizer capable of sufficiently insolubilizing fluorine within a short time contains calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate in an amount of 95-40 mass % and hydroxy or hydroxyl apatite in an amount of 5-60 mass % for a total of 100 mass %.