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公开(公告)号：US11572418B2
公开(公告)日：2023-02-07
申请号：US17163768
申请日：2021-02-01
发明人： Theodora Retsina , Kimberly Nelson
摘要： A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.
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公开(公告)号：US10919985B2
公开(公告)日：2021-02-16
申请号：US16285362
申请日：2019-02-26
发明人： Theodora Retsina , Kimberly Nelson
摘要： A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.
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公开(公告)号：US11932706B2
公开(公告)日：2024-03-19
申请号：US17163738
申请日：2021-02-01
IPC分类号： C08B15/08 , C07G1/00 , C08B15/00 , C08B15/02 , C08B37/00 , C08H8/00 , C08L1/02 , C12P7/04 , C12P7/10 , C12P7/14 , C12P7/16 , C12P7/28 , C12P7/46 , C12P7/56 , C12P19/02 , C12P19/14 , C13K1/02 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/06 , D21C3/20 , D21C5/00 , D21C9/00 , D21C9/10 , D21C11/00 , D21H11/18
CPC分类号： C08B15/08 , C07G1/00 , C08B15/00 , C08B15/02 , C08B37/0057 , C08H8/00 , C08L1/02 , C12P7/04 , C12P7/10 , C12P7/14 , C12P7/16 , C12P7/28 , C12P7/46 , C12P7/56 , C12P19/02 , C12P19/14 , C13K1/02 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/06 , D21C3/20 , D21C5/00 , D21C5/005 , D21C9/002 , D21C9/007 , D21C9/10 , D21C11/0007 , D21H11/18 , C12P2201/00 , C12P2203/00 , Y02E50/10 , Y02P40/40
摘要： Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.
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公开(公告)号：US11674071B2
公开(公告)日：2023-06-13
申请号：US17201047
申请日：2021-03-15
IPC分类号： C09K8/32 , C09K8/035 , C09K8/64 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/88 , C09K8/90 , C09K8/80 , C09K8/82 , C09K8/10
CPC分类号： C09K8/32 , C09K8/035 , C09K8/10 , C09K8/64 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/685 , C09K8/80 , C09K8/82 , C09K8/88 , C09K8/887 , C09K8/90 , C09K2208/08 , C09K2208/10
摘要： This disclosure provides drilling fluids and additives as well as fracturing fluids and additives that contain cellulose nanofibers and/or cellulose nanocrystals. In some embodiments, hydrophobic nanocellulose is provided which can be incorporated into oil-based fluids and additives. These water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include lignosulfonates and other biomass-derived components. Also, these water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include enzymes. The drilling and fracturing fluids and additives described herein may be produced using the AVAP® process technology to produce a nanocellulose precursor, followed by low-energy refining to produce nanocellulose for incorporation into a variety of drilling and fracturing fluids and additives.
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公开(公告)号：US11142668B2
公开(公告)日：2021-10-12
申请号：US16663671
申请日：2019-10-25
IPC分类号： C09D197/00 , C12P19/02 , C04B16/02 , C12P19/14 , C09K8/035 , C08B37/00 , C08H7/00 , C08H8/00 , C08L1/02 , C08L5/14 , C08L97/00 , C08L97/02 , C12P7/10 , C13K1/02 , D21H17/23 , D21H17/25 , D21H19/34 , D21H19/52
摘要： Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity, hydrophobic cellulose. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and depositing lignin onto cellulose fibers to produce lignin-coated cellulose materials (such as dissolving pulp). The crystallinity of the cellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the hydrophobic cellulose to form completely renewable composites.
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公开(公告)号：US12091818B2
公开(公告)日：2024-09-17
申请号：US17209388
申请日：2021-03-23
发明人： Kimberly Nelson , Theodora Retsina
IPC分类号： D21C9/00 , C07G1/00 , C08B15/08 , C08B37/00 , C12P7/10 , D21B1/06 , D21B1/12 , D21B1/14 , D21C1/02 , D21C5/00 , D21C11/00 , D21H11/16 , D21H11/18 , C08H8/00 , C09K8/10 , C09K8/34 , C09K8/64 , C09K8/68 , C13K1/02 , D21C3/00 , D21C3/06 , D21C9/10
CPC分类号： D21C9/007 , C07G1/00 , C08B15/08 , C08B37/0057 , C12P7/10 , D21B1/061 , D21B1/12 , D21B1/14 , D21C1/02 , D21C5/005 , D21C11/0007 , D21H11/16 , D21H11/18 , C08H8/00 , C09K8/10 , C09K8/34 , C09K8/64 , C09K8/68 , C13K1/02 , D21C3/003 , D21C3/006 , D21C3/06 , D21C9/10
摘要： Various processes are disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials following steam extraction or hot-water digestion of biomass. Processes are also disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials from a wide variety of starting pulps or pretreated biomass feedstocks. The nanocellulose materials may be used as rheology modifiers in many applications. Water-based and oil-based drilling fluid formulations and additives are provided. Also, water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluid formulations and additives are provided. In other embodiments, polymer-nanocellulose composites are provided.
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公开(公告)号：US12077915B2
公开(公告)日：2024-09-03
申请号：US17837144
申请日：2022-06-10
IPC分类号： D21H11/16 , D21C1/02 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/20 , D21C9/00 , D21H11/02 , D21H11/08 , D21H11/18 , D21H27/40
CPC分类号： D21H11/16 , D21C1/02 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/20 , D21C9/007 , D21H11/02 , D21H11/08 , D21H11/18 , D21H27/40
摘要： The present invention provides a pulp product (e.g., paper) comprising cellulose and nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose is derived from the cellulose in a mechanical and/or chemical step that is separate from the main pulping process. The pulping process may be thermomechanical pulping or hydrothermal-mechanical pulping, for example. The pulp product is stronger and smoother with the presence of the nanocellulose. The nanocellulose further can function as a retention aid, for a step of forming the pulp product (e.g., in a paper machine). Other embodiments provide a corrugated medium pulp composition comprising cellulose pulp and nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose includes cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals and the nanocellulose may be hydrophobic. The nanocellulose improves the strength properties of the corrugated medium. In some embodiments, the cellulose pulp is a GreenBox+® pulp and the nanocellulose is derived from the AVAP® process.
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公开(公告)号：US11905341B2
公开(公告)日：2024-02-20
申请号：US17570599
申请日：2022-01-07
IPC分类号： C08B15/08 , C08L1/02 , C08H8/00 , C08B15/02 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/20 , D21C5/00 , D21C9/00 , D21H11/18 , C12P7/10 , C12P19/02
CPC分类号： C08B15/08 , C08B15/02 , C08H8/00 , C08L1/02 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/20 , D21C5/005 , D21C9/007 , D21H11/18 , C12P7/10 , C12P19/02 , C12P2201/00 , C12P2203/00 , Y02E50/10 , Y02E50/30 , Y02P20/54
摘要： The present invention provides a process for producing a nanocellulose material, comprising: fractionating a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin and water, but no acid catalyst, to generate cellulose-rich solids; and then mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form a nanocellulose material comprising cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals. Many organic or inorganic solvents are possible. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an oxygenated organic compound, such as a C1-C18 alcohol, e.g. ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol, propanediol, glycerol, butanol, or butanediol. The solvent for lignin may be an aromatic alcohol, such as phenol, cresol, or benzyl alcohol. The solvent for lignin may be a ketone, an aldehyde, or an ether, such as methyl ethyl ketone or diethyl ether. The solvent for lignin may be a non-oxygenated alkane, olefin, or aromatic hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an ionic liquid.
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公开(公告)号：US11827771B2
公开(公告)日：2023-11-28
申请号：US17903232
申请日：2022-09-06
发明人： Theodora Retsina , Kimberly Nelson
IPC分类号： C08L1/02 , C09D101/02 , C08J9/00 , C08J9/36 , D21C3/04 , C08B37/00 , C08H8/00 , C09D197/00 , D21C9/00 , D21C11/00 , D21H11/08 , D21H19/34
CPC分类号： C08L1/02 , C08B37/0057 , C08H8/00 , C08J9/0061 , C08J9/365 , C09D101/02 , C09D197/005 , D21C3/04 , D21C9/007 , D21C11/0007 , D21H11/08 , D21H19/34 , C08J2301/02 , C08J2497/00 , Y02P40/40 , Y10T428/2933 , Y10T428/2991 , Y10T442/20
摘要： An oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose material is disclosed herein, for nanocellulose sponges and other applications. The oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose material comprises lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils and/or lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the nanocellulose material is in the form of a 2D coating or layer, or a 3D object (e.g., foam or aerogel). The nanocellulose material may be disposed onto a scaffold. A process is provided for producing an oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose object, comprising fractionating a biomass feedstock with an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a lignin-containing liquor; mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form cellulose fibrils and/or cellulose crystals; generating a nanocellulose object from the intermediate nanocellulose material; exposing the nanocellulose object to the lignin-containing liquor to allow lignin to deposit onto a surface of the nanocellulose object; and recovering the oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose object.
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US11254957B2
公开(公告)日：2022-02-22
申请号：US16782241
申请日：2020-02-05
摘要： A low-cost process is provided to render lignocellulosic biomass accessible to cellulase enzymes, to produce fermentable sugars. Some variations provide a process to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass (such as sugarcane bagasse or corn stover), comprising introducing a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock to a single-stage digestor; exposing the feedstock to a reaction solution comprising steam or liquid hot water within the digestor, to solubilize the hemicellulose in a liquid phase and to provide a cellulose-rich solid phase; refining the cellulose-rich solid phase, together with the liquid phase, in a mechanical refiner, thereby providing a mixture of refined cellulose-rich solids and the liquid phase; enzymatically hydrolyzing the mixture in a hydrolysis reactor with cellulase enzymes, to generate fermentable sugars; and fermenting the fermentable sugars to produce ethanol. Many alternative process configurations are described. The disclosed processes may be employed for other fermentation products.
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