摘要:
The invention relates to a method for determining the number of receptors on a carrier, in addition to a biosensor, especially a protein sensor, which can be produced using the method.
摘要:
In a method for immobilizing molecules on a surface, a layer of a hydrophobic, e.g., a non-swelling polymer, may be applied to the surface and molecules are immobilized on a surface of the polymer layer. The hydrophobic polymers may be polyimide or polystyrene, and the surface to which the polymer layer is applied may be made of an inorganic material, e.g., a semiconductor material (silicon), a semiconducting oxide (silicon dioxide), glass, nitride, or ceramic. Hydrophobic polymers such as polyimide or polystyrene can be applied to the surface of an inorganic support with conventional methods. Further, they electrically insulate the support with respect to the molecules applied to the surface of the polymer layer or substances associated with these molecules. Thus, electrical sensors and processor circuits can be integrated into the support without any detrimental effect on their function due to molecules and substances applied to the surface of the polymer layer.
摘要:
In a process for mixing microdroplets (2a, 2b, 2c), at least two carriers (3a, 3b) are provided whose surfaces (4a, 4b) are each structured in such a way that at least one hydrophilic surface domain (5a, 5b) is delimited by at least one hydrophobic surface domain (6a, 6b). A first microdroplet (2a, 2b, 2c) is disposed on a hydrophilic surface domain (5a) of a first carrier (3a), and a second microdroplet (2a, 2b, 3c) is disposed on a hydrophilic surface domain (5b) of a second carrier (3b). The carriers (3a, 3b), with their first and second hydrophilic surfaces (4a, 4b) facing each other, are positioned adjacent to each other and sufficiently close to each other by being moved toward each other that the microdroplets (2a, 2b, 2c) come into contact with each other.
摘要:
In a method for measuring the concentration of a ligand contained in a sample that is to be tested, at a plurality of test sites that are located on the surface of at least one substrate, in each case at least one receptor that is suitable upon contact with the ligand for specifically binding to said ligand, is immobilized. The sample is brought into contact for a predetermined time with the test sites in such a way that in the sample differently sized diffusion volumes are adjacent to the receptors from which at least one ligand can diffuse to the respective receptor during the predetermined time. After the predetermined time has passed, for each test site a measured signal for the number or density of the binding events at the test site is acquired.
摘要:
An integrated sensor array has a substrates, at least one sensor element, and a signal processing device integrated in the substrate and connected or capable of being connected with the sensor elements. A layer having a measuring surface is capable of being detachably bonded to the substrate so that a signal emitted from the measuring surface is capable of being processed by the signal processing device when the layer is bonded to the substrate. The substrate has at least one feedthrough hole abutting with the layer, which feedthrough hole is connected or capable of being connected to a vacuum generating device in order to bond the layer to the substrate by suction.
摘要:
A Portable communications device (1), particularly as an additional functional unit in a radiotelephone (100), comprising an input, output radio interface (2) for local data exchange between two adjacent communications devices (1; 100) or between a communications device (1; 100) and a data processing device (12) adapted to the,local data exchange, or a data-reproducing device (13), or an adapted data source (50). The range (r) of the input/output radio interface (2) is short compared with the range of a conventional radio interface for data :transfer, and corresponds essentially to a talking distance. The communications device (1, 100) further includes a memory device (6) and a data processing device (5). Different data sequences are identified and selectively retrievable in the memory device (6). The activation of the input/output radio interface (2) can be initiated manually.
摘要:
A measuring device for measuring or examining physiological parameters on biocomponents includes an FET sensor 5 whose electrical protective layer 12 is roughened or has a structured coating 15. The structuring of the active sensor contact surface 12 is adapted to the outer contour and topography of the biocomponent in question, so that a better possibility is available for anchoring the biocomponents to the contact surface 24 forming the FET protective layer of the sensor 5.
摘要:
A signal separator, particularly a teletext-signal separator, includes an integrating unit which delivers a center-of-bit-indicating (i.e., center-crossing) signal and a residual-value signal. A residual-value-signal-evaluating device evaluates the respective residual value and uses a selection control signal to determine how the value of the current signal bit is to be estimated. This is accomplished by using a selection facility which derives from the current sample value and the preceding and subsequent sample values the respective preaverage value and postaverage value and selects the value best suited for the estimation using the selection control signal. A phase corrector evaluates a signal pattern from an edge logic which indicates whether the current sample value is approaching an edge of the signal, and controls a change of the integration period if the residual-value signal lies within a predetermined residual value signal range.
摘要:
A system for exchanging data includes at least two memory units, each unit functioning as both a transmitter and a receiver of data. The exchange of data occurs whenever at least two memory units are within a certain distance of each other. The user is thus capable of simultaneously being both a transmitter and a receiver of data, such that the transmitter can send data continuously but can receive data transmitted from other memory units only when the receiver is within a certain distance from a transmitter. As a result, data are received only by those memory units that are located in the immediate environment of the transmitter. Since the data transmitted can be selected personally by the user, the data thus reflects the preferences of the user acting as the transmitter.
摘要:
A chip includes a memory that stores confidential data, a power supply device to apply a voltage and/or or a current, and an interface to transfer the data from and/or to another device. To secure the data in the memory, the power supply device is an integrated component of the chip. The power supply device is equipped with a limited, non-replenishable fuel reservoir so that data can be maintained in the memory over a limited service life. In other embodiments, voltage provided by the power supply device can also be employed actively to delete data in the memory in the event of unauthorized access to the chip.