公开(公告)号：US20120320375A1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-20

申请号：US13160412

申请日：2011-06-14

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice ,  Janyce Lipson

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice ,  Janyce Lipson

IPC: G01N21/01

CPC classification number: G01N21/01

Abstract: An apparatus is presented for stabilizing an optical, thermal, and mechanical interface between a spectroscopic and/or imaging system and a biological sample. The apparatus includes a window retainer having a retainer surface and a well. The retainer surface surrounds the well. Further, the retainer surface is substantially planar. An optical window is located in the well. The optical window comprises a first and second surface. The second surface is in contact with the window retainer. The first surface is substantially flush with the retainer surface. The apparatus further includes an attachment mechanism coupling the window retainer to the biological sample such that a fluid, gel, adhesive or elastomer interposed between the optical window and the biological sample is trapped in the well.

Abstract translation: 提出了用于稳定光谱和/或成像系统与生物样品之间的光学，热学和机械界面的装置。 该装置包括具有保持器表面和井的窗口保持器。 保持器表面围绕井。 此外，保持器表面基本上是平面的。 光学窗口位于井中。 光学窗口包括第一和第二表面。 第二表面与窗口保持器接触。 第一表面与保持器表面基本齐平。 该装置还包括将窗口保持器联接到生物样本的附接机构，使得插入光学窗口和生物样品之间的流体，凝胶，粘合剂或弹性体被捕获在孔中。

公开(公告)号：US07742166B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-22

申请号：US11740767

申请日：2007-04-26

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

IPC: G01J3/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4747 ,  G01N2021/656 ,  G01N2201/124

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing the selectivity for spectroscopic measurements of analytes in a turbid medium is described. In one example, spatial filters are used to select only certain radii from the medium to be imaged. This selection is accomplished by placing an optical obstruction on the surface of the medium or at an image plane of the surface later in the optical imaging system. In one implementation, this is achieved by placing a fiber bundle at an image plane of the collecting optical system and then using a spacer of appropriate size at the center of the fiber bundle to act as a central obstruction.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于提高浑浊介质中分析物的光谱测量的选择性的装置。 在一个示例中，空间滤波器用于仅从要成像的介质中选择某些半径。 该选择通过在光学成像系统中稍后将光学障碍物放置在介质的表面或表面的像平面上来实现。 在一个实施方案中，这是通过将纤维束放置在收集光学系统的像平面上，然后在纤维束的中心使用适当尺寸的间隔件来充当中心障碍物来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US07668220B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-23

申请号：US12423791

申请日：2009-04-14

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Thomas Lenosky ,  Hongyu Deng

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas Lenosky ,  Hongyu Deng

IPC: H01S5/00

CPC classification number: H01S5/18319 ,  H01S5/105 ,  H01S5/18327 ,  H01S2301/166

Abstract: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are disclosed, one example of which includes a substrate upon which a lower mirror layer is formed. An active region and upper mirror layer are disposed, in that order, on the lower mirror layer. In particular, the upper mirror layer includes a plurality of DBR layers formed on the active region. The upper mirror layer additionally includes a photonic crystal formed on the plurality of DBR layers and having a periodic structure that contributes to the definition of a central defect. As a consequence of this structure, the photonic crystal has a reflectivity that is wavelength dependent, and the central defect enables the VCSEL to propagate a single mode.

Abstract translation: 公开了垂直空腔表面发射激光器，其一个示例包括其上形成有下镜面层的基板。 有源区和上镜层依次设置在下镜层上。 具体而言，上镜层包括在活性区域上形成的多个DBR层。 上镜层另外包括形成在多个DBR层上并具有有助于定义中心缺陷的周期性结构的光子晶体。 作为这种结构的结果，光子晶体具有波长依赖性的反射率，并且中心缺陷使VCSEL能够传播单个模式。

公开(公告)号：US07546042B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-09

申请号：US10449304

申请日：2003-05-29

Applicant: Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

Inventor： Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

IPC: H04B10/06

CPC classification number: H04B10/66 ,  H04B10/25133 ,  H04B10/6971

Abstract: A method of reducing interference in a data stream includes filtering the data stream using a first equalizer to output a first filtered data stream. Also, the data stream is filtered using a second equalizer to create a second filtered data stream. Then, one or more error rates based on the first filtered data stream and the second filtered data stream are determined. Based at least in part on those error rates, a filtered data stream is selected from among the first filtered data stream and the second filtered data stream. A threshold value is determined, and then compared against the selected filtered data stream to generate a data bit.

Abstract translation: 一种减少数据流中的干扰的方法包括：使用第一均衡器对数据流进行滤波，以输出第一滤波数据流。 而且，使用第二均衡器对数据流进行滤波以产生第二滤波数据流。 然后，确定基于第一滤波数据流和第二滤波数据流的一个或多个错误率。 至少部分地基于这些错误率，从第一滤波数据流和第二滤波数据流中选择滤波后的数据流。 确定阈值，然后与所选择的滤波数据流进行比较以产生数据比特。

公开(公告)号：US20090079977A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-26

申请号：US12191096

申请日：2008-08-13

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

IPC: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/4839 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01N21/65

Abstract: The concentration of analytes in a complex mixture can be ascertained by spectroscopic measurement, even if the spectra of substances other than the analyte overlap with that of the analyte. Both independently measured concentrations of the analyte in a training set and of the analyte spectrum are used. Variances in the spectral data attributable to the analyte are isolated from spectral variances from other causes, such as compositional changes associated with different samples that are independent of the analyte. For the special case of noninvasive glucose measurements on the skin of biological organisms, the volume averaged glucose in the sample is predicted from the blood glucose. A test for over-fitting of the data is also described.

Abstract translation: 通过光谱测量可以确定复杂混合物中分析物的浓度，即使分析物以外的物质的光谱与分析物的光谱重叠。 使用训练集和分析物光谱中分析物的独立测量浓度。 归因于分析物的光谱数据的差异与其他原因的光谱变化隔离，例如与独立于分析物的不同样品相关的组成变化。 对于在生物体的皮肤上进行非侵入性葡萄糖测量的特殊情况，从血糖预测样品中的体积平均葡萄糖。 还描述了用于过拟合数据的测试。

公开(公告)号：US20070291263A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-20

申请号：US11764123

申请日：2007-06-15

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

IPC: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/65

CPC classification number: G01N21/65 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  G01N21/645

Abstract: A method is proposed whereby photo-bleaching is used not only to change the absorption and fluorescence of a sample but is also employed to change its scattering characteristics. When the compounds which are bleached are contained in regions wherein the real part of the index of refraction is greater than or equal to the average index of the medium, the bleaching will result in reduction in the scattering at wavelengths longer than the wavelength of the bleaching source. This reduction can be useful in measuring the concentration of analytes located at significant depths within turbid media.

Abstract translation: 提出了一种方法，其中光漂白不仅用于改变样品的吸收和荧光，而且还用于改变其散射特性。 当漂白的化合物包含在折射率的实部大于或等于介质的平均指数的区域中时，漂白将导致波长比漂白波长长的波长的减少 资源。 这种减少可用于测量位于浑浊介质中显着深度的分析物的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US20070279628A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-06

申请号：US11840567

申请日：2007-08-17

Applicant: Jan Lipson

Inventor： Jan Lipson

IPC: G01J3/30

CPC classification number: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G03H1/0005

Abstract: Weak signals scattered from analytes at multiple wavelengths can be summed to illuminate either a single detector or a multiplicity of detectors, offering the possibility of concentrating the spectral energy on a smaller total detector area. In addition, a method is disclosed whereby a calibration of the resulting signal for a given analyte can be obtained by means of measuring the quantity of water in the sample volume and by means of measuring the salinity of the fluid in the sample volume.

Abstract translation: 可以将从多个波长的分析物散射的弱信号相加，以照亮单个检测器或多个检测器，从而提供将光谱能量集中在更小的总检测器面积上的可能性。 此外，公开了一种方法，通过测量样品体积中的水量并通过测量样品体积中的流体的盐度，可以获得对于给定分析物的所得信号的校准。

公开(公告)号：US07072538B1

公开(公告)日：2006-07-04

申请号：US10361358

申请日：2003-02-10

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Steven Wang ,  Mina Farr

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Steven Wang ,  Mina Farr

IPC: G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/42 ,  G02B5/32 ,  H04J14/02 ,  G03H1/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/29395 ,  G02B5/203 ,  G02B5/32 ,  G02B6/29308 ,  G02B6/2931 ,  G02B6/29313 ,  G02B6/29383 ,  H04J14/0212

Abstract: A reconfigurable optical add/drop module (ROADM) for dynamically adding or dropping various wavelengths of an optical signal without having to physically replace the module with a wavelength-specific add/drop module, and corresponding methods. A multiplexed optical signal in an optical network enters the reconfigurable optical add/drop module. Filters on the module separate various wavelengths of the optical signal along the module's various waveguides and a reconfigurable switching matrix directs the various wavelengths of the optical signal to be added, dropped and/or combined with other wavelengths.

Abstract translation: 用于动态地添加或者丢弃光信号的各种波长的可重配置光分插模块（ROADM），而不必用波长特定的分插模块物理地代替模块，以及相应的方法。 光网络中复用的光信号进入可重配置的光分插模块。 模块上的滤波器沿着模块的各种波导分离光信号的各种波长，并且可重新配置的开关矩阵将要添加，掉落和/或与其它波长组合的光信号的各种波长引导。

公开(公告)号：US20050008060A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10913625

申请日：2004-08-06

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Thomas Lenosky ,  Hongyu Deng

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas Lenosky ,  Hongyu Deng

IPC: H01S5/10 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01S3/08 ,  H01S5/00

CPC classification number: H01S5/18319 ,  H01S5/105 ,  H01S5/18327 ,  H01S2301/166

Abstract: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are disclosed, one example of which includes a substrate upon which a lower mirror layer is formed. An active region and upper mirror layer are disposed, in that order, on the lower mirror layer. In particular, the upper mirror layer includes a plurality of DBR layers formed on the active region. The upper mirror layer additionally includes a photonic crystal formed on the plurality of DBR layers and having a periodic structure that contributes to the definition of a central defect. As a consequence of this structure, the photonic crystal has a reflectivity that is wavelength dependent, and the central defect enables the VCSEL to propagate a single mode.

Abstract translation: 公开了垂直空腔表面发射激光器，其一个示例包括其上形成有下镜面层的基板。 有源区和上镜层依次设置在下镜层上。 具体而言，上镜层包括在活性区域上形成的多个DBR层。 上镜层另外包括形成在多个DBR层上并具有有助于定义中心缺陷的周期性结构的光子晶体。 作为这种结构的结果，光子晶体具有波长依赖性的反射率，并且中心缺陷使VCSEL能够传播单个模式。

公开(公告)号：US08050308B2

公开(公告)日：2011-11-01

申请号：US10351620

申请日：2003-01-23

Applicant: Jan Lipson ,  Zheng Wang ,  Mina Farr

Inventor： Jan Lipson ,  Zheng Wang ,  Mina Farr

IPC: H01S3/08

CPC classification number: G02B27/0944 ,  G02B5/32 ,  G02B6/4206 ,  G03H1/0248 ,  G03H1/0272 ,  H01S5/005 ,  H01S5/02212 ,  H01S5/02284

Abstract: A means for optically coupling a semiconductor laser to an optical fiber is disclosed. In one embodiment, a volume phase holographic element is disposed on a light-emitting surface of a semiconductor laser. The volume phase holographic element acts as an aberration-corrector for a lens that is disposed between the semiconductor laser and the optical fiber. In this way, an inexpensive lens that is not aberration free can be used. In some embodiments, the volume phase holographic element converts a Gaussian light beam emitted by the semiconductor laser into an annular beam that is more suitable for long distance transmission in multimode fibers.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于将半导体激光器光耦合到光纤的装置。 在一个实施例中，体积相位全息元件设置在半导体激光器的发光表面上。 体积相位全息元件用作设置在半导体激光器和光纤之间的透镜的像差校正器。 以这种方式，可以使用不像差的廉价透镜。 在一些实施例中，体积相位全息元件将由半导体激光器发射的高斯光束转换成更适合于多模光纤中的长距离传输的环形光束。