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公开(公告)号:US20080016767A1
公开(公告)日:2008-01-24
申请号:US11830177
申请日:2007-07-30
申请人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Arpad Somogyvari , Gerry Tucker , Fan Chang
发明人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Arpad Somogyvari , Gerry Tucker , Fan Chang
IPC分类号: H01M8/06
CPC分类号: B01B1/005 , B01J8/0285 , B01J8/0496 , B01J12/007 , B01J15/005 , B01J19/2485 , B01J19/249 , B01J19/2495 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00672 , B01J2208/00716 , B01J2219/00157 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/00783 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00804 , B01J2219/00822 , B01J2219/00824 , B01J2219/00828 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/0086 , B01J2219/00862 , B01J2219/00869 , B01J2219/00871 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00997 , B01J2219/1923 , B01J2219/1943 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2458 , B01J2219/2459 , B01J2219/2462 , B01J2219/2465 , B01J2219/2479 , B01J2219/2481 , B01J2219/2485 , B01J2219/2493 , B01J2219/2497 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/085 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1229 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1288 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/169 , C01B2203/82 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/0662 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02P20/128
摘要: The invention relates to a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and a heater. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel; the heater provides heat to the reformer. Multipass reformer and heater chambers are described that reduce fuel processor size. Single layer fuel processors include reformer and heater chambers in a compact form factor that is well suited for portable applications. Some fuel processors described herein place an electrically resistive material in contact with a thermally conductive material to heat fuel entering the fuel processor. This is particularly useful during start-up of the fuel processor. Fuel processors described may also include features that facilitate assembly.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种从燃料产生氢的燃料处理器。 燃料处理器包括重整器和加热器。 重整器包括有助于从燃料中产生氢气的催化剂; 加热器向重整器提供热量。 描述了多通道重整器和加热器室,其减少了燃料处理器的尺寸。 单层燃料处理器包括重整器和加热室,结构紧凑,非常适合便携式应用。 本文所述的一些燃料加工器将电阻材料与导热材料接触以加热进入燃料处理器的燃料。 这在燃料处理器启动时特别有用。 所描述的燃料处理器还可以包括便于组装的特征。
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公开(公告)号:US20060156627A1
公开(公告)日:2006-07-20
申请号:US11313252
申请日:2005-12-19
申请人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Arpad Somogyvari , Gerry Tucker , Fan Chan
发明人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Arpad Somogyvari , Gerry Tucker , Fan Chan
IPC分类号: B01J7/00
CPC分类号: B01B1/005 , B01J8/0285 , B01J8/0496 , B01J12/007 , B01J15/005 , B01J19/2485 , B01J19/249 , B01J19/2495 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00672 , B01J2208/00716 , B01J2219/00157 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/00783 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00804 , B01J2219/00822 , B01J2219/00824 , B01J2219/00828 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/0086 , B01J2219/00862 , B01J2219/00869 , B01J2219/00871 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00997 , B01J2219/1923 , B01J2219/1943 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2458 , B01J2219/2459 , B01J2219/2462 , B01J2219/2465 , B01J2219/2479 , B01J2219/2481 , B01J2219/2485 , B01J2219/2493 , B01J2219/2497 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/085 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1229 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1288 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/169 , C01B2203/82 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/0662 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02P20/128
摘要: The invention relates to a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and a heater. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel; the heater provides heat to the reformer. Multipass reformer and heater chambers are described that reduce fuel processor size. Single layer fuel processors include reformer and heater chambers in a compact form factor that is well suited for portable applications. Some fuel processors described herein place an electrically resistive material in contact with a thermally conductive material to heat fuel entering the fuel processor. This is particularly useful during start-up of the fuel processor. Fuel processors described may also include features that facilitate assembly.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种从燃料产生氢的燃料处理器。 燃料处理器包括重整器和加热器。 重整器包括有助于从燃料中产生氢气的催化剂; 加热器向重整器提供热量。 描述了多通道重整器和加热器室,其减少了燃料处理器的尺寸。 单层燃料处理器包括重整器和加热室,结构紧凑,非常适合便携式应用。 本文所述的一些燃料加工器将电阻材料与导热材料接触以加热进入燃料处理器的燃料。 这在燃料处理器启动时特别有用。 所描述的燃料处理器还可以包括便于组装的特征。
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公开(公告)号:US20050011125A1
公开(公告)日:2005-01-20
申请号:US10877044
申请日:2004-06-25
申请人: Ian Kaye , Arpad Somogyvari
发明人: Ian Kaye , Arpad Somogyvari
IPC分类号: B01J3/00 , B01J8/00 , B01J8/02 , B01J8/04 , B01J12/00 , B01J15/00 , B01J19/24 , C01B3/32 , C08F4/636 , C08F4/649 , C08F4/651 , C08F4/654 , C10J1/00 , H01M20060101 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06
CPC分类号: B01J8/0285 , B01B1/005 , B01J8/0496 , B01J12/007 , B01J15/005 , B01J19/2485 , B01J19/249 , B01J19/2495 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/00221 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00495 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00672 , B01J2219/00157 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/00783 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00804 , B01J2219/00822 , B01J2219/00824 , B01J2219/00828 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/0086 , B01J2219/00862 , B01J2219/00869 , B01J2219/00871 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00997 , B01J2219/1923 , B01J2219/1943 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2458 , B01J2219/2459 , B01J2219/2462 , B01J2219/2465 , B01J2219/2479 , B01J2219/2481 , B01J2219/2485 , B01J2219/2493 , B01J2219/2497 , C01B3/323 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1288 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/82 , G06F1/26 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0631 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P20/129
摘要: Described herein is a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and burner. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel source. Voluminous reformer chamber designs are provided that increase the amount of catalyst that can be used in a reformer and increase hydrogen output for a given fuel processor size. The burner provides heat to the reformer. One or more burners may be configured to surround a reformer on multiple sides to increase thermal transfer to the reformer. Dewars are also described that increase thermal management of a fuel processor and increase burner efficiency. A dewar includes one or more dewar chambers that receive inlet air before a burner receives the air. The dewar is arranged such that air passing through the dewar chamber intercepts heat generated in the burner before the heat escapes the fuel processor.
摘要翻译: 这里描述的是从燃料源产生氢气的燃料处理器。 燃料处理器包括重整器和燃烧器。 重整器包括促进从燃料源产生氢气的催化剂。 提供了大量重整器室设计,其增加可用于重整器中的催化剂的量并且增加给定燃料处理器尺寸的氢输出。 燃烧器向重整器提供热量。 一个或多个燃烧器可以被配置为围绕多个侧面上的重整器以增加对重整器的热传递。 还描述了用于增加燃料处理器的热管理并提高燃烧器效率的杜瓦瓶。 杜瓦瓶包括在燃烧器接收空气之前接收入口空气的一个或多个杜瓦瓶室。 杜瓦瓶布置成使得通过杜瓦瓶的空气在热量逸出燃料处理器之前拦截在燃烧器中产生的热量。
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公开(公告)号:US20070178361A1
公开(公告)日:2007-08-02
申请号:US11621897
申请日:2007-01-10
申请人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Kenneth Newell
发明人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Kenneth Newell
CPC分类号: H01M8/0297 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/248 , Y02P70/56
摘要: The invention relates to a portable electrical energy generator, its components, and manufacture of the components and generator. The generator includes a bi-polar plate stack, which is well suited for use in a fuel cell. The stack may include at least one spacer that limits compression of a membrane electrode assembly in the fuel cell. The stack may also include a polymer binder that holds the stack together and/or maintains a compression force on the membrane electrode assembly. An open cathode manifold may also provided to ease oxygen movement. High throughput and low cost manufacture of bi-polar plates is also described herein.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种便携式电能发生器,其组件以及组件和发电机的制造。 发电机包括一个非常适合用于燃料电池的双极板堆叠。 堆叠可以包括限制燃料电池中的膜电极组件的压缩的至少一个间隔件。 堆叠还可以包括将叠层保持在一起并且/或在膜电极组件上保持压缩力的聚合物粘合剂。 还可以提供开放的阴极歧管以便于氧气运动。 本文还描述了双极板的高通量和低成本制造。
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公开(公告)号:US20070292729A1
公开(公告)日:2007-12-20
申请号:US11830274
申请日:2007-07-30
IPC分类号: H01M8/18
CPC分类号: H01M8/0618 , B01J8/0457 , B01J8/0492 , B01J8/0496 , B01J8/067 , B01J19/0093 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00415 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00672 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00824 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00873 , C01B3/323 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1223 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0625 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/241 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/30 , Y02B90/18 , Y02P20/128
摘要: The invention relates to fuel cell systems with improved thermal efficiency. The systems include a fuel cell that generates electrical energy using hydrogen and a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel. Some heat efficient systems described herein include a thermal catalyst that generates heat when the catalyst interacts with a heating medium. The heat is used to heat the fuel cell. The thermal catalyst may be disposed in proximity to the fuel cell, or remote from the fuel cell and a heat transfer pipe conducts heat from the catalyst to the fuel cell. Another thermally efficient embodiment uses a recuperator to transfer heat generated in the fuel cell system to incoming fuel. A fuel cell package may also include a multi-layer insulation arrangement to decrease heat loss from the fuel cell and fuel processor, which both typically operate at elevated temperatures.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及具有改善的热效率的燃料电池系统。 该系统包括使用氢气产生电能的燃料电池和从燃料产生氢气的燃料处理器。 本文描述的一些热效率系统包括当催化剂与加热介质相互作用时产生热量的热催化剂。 热量用于加热燃料电池。 热催化剂可以设置在燃料电池附近或远离燃料电池并且传热管将热量从催化剂传导到燃料电池。 另一个热效率的实施例使用换热器将燃料电池系统中产生的热量传递给进入的燃料。 燃料电池组件还可以包括多层绝缘装置,以减少来自燃料电池和燃料处理器的热损失,二者通常在高温下工作。
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公开(公告)号:US20060134470A1
公开(公告)日:2006-06-22
申请号:US11120643
申请日:2005-05-02
申请人: Ian Kaye , Jennifer Brantley , Michael DeRenzi
发明人: Ian Kaye , Jennifer Brantley , Michael DeRenzi
CPC分类号: H01M8/0612 , H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/2475 , H01M16/006
摘要: The invention relates to a compact and portable fuel cell package. The package includes a fuel cell that generates electrical energy. Some packages also include a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. Fuel cell packages described herein provide power densities (power per unit volume or mass) at levels not yet seen. One package employs an interconnect disposed at least partially between a fuel cell and a fuel processor. The interconnect forms a structural and plumbing intermediary between the two. Given the portable size of fuel cell packages described herein, the invention is well suited to power portable electronics devices. One portable fuel cell package includes a tether, which allows electrical and detachable coupling to an electronics device.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种紧凑且便携的燃料电池组件。 该包装包括产生电能的燃料电池。 一些包装还包括从燃料源产生氢气的燃料处理器。 本文所述的燃料电池组件在尚未看到的水平下提供功率密度(每单位体积或质量的功率)。 一个封装采用至少部分地布置在燃料电池和燃料处理器之间的互连。 互连形成两者之间的结构和管道中介。 鉴于本文所述的燃料电池组件的便携式尺寸,本发明非常适合于为便携式电子设备供电。 一种便携式燃料电池组件包括系绳,其允许电气和可拆卸地联接到电子设备。
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公开(公告)号:US20060127719A1
公开(公告)日:2006-06-15
申请号:US11314810
申请日:2005-12-20
申请人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Michael DeRenzi , William Scipio
发明人: Jennifer Brantley , Ian Kaye , Michael DeRenzi , William Scipio
CPC分类号: H01M8/0618 , B01J8/0457 , B01J8/0492 , B01J8/0496 , B01J8/067 , B01J19/0093 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00415 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00672 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00824 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00873 , C01B3/323 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1223 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0625 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/241 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/30 , Y02B90/18 , Y02P20/128
摘要: The invention relates to fuel cell systems with improved thermal efficiency. The systems include a fuel cell that generates electrical energy using hydrogen and a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel. Some heat efficient systems described herein include a thermal catalyst that generates heat when the catalyst interacts with a heating medium. The heat is used to heat the fuel cell. The thermal catalyst may be disposed in, proximity to the fuel cell, or remote from the fuel cell and a heat transfer pipe conducts heat from the catalyst to the fuel cell. Another thermally efficient embodiment uses a recuperator to transfer heat generated in the fuel cell system to incoming fuel. A fuel cell package may also include a multi-layer insulation arrangement to decrease heat loss from the fuel cell and fuel processor, which both typically operate at elevated temperatures.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及具有改善的热效率的燃料电池系统。 该系统包括使用氢气产生电能的燃料电池和从燃料产生氢气的燃料处理器。 本文描述的一些热效率系统包括当催化剂与加热介质相互作用时产生热量的热催化剂。 热量用于加热燃料电池。 热催化剂可以设置在燃料电池附近或远离燃料电池,并且传热管将热量从催化剂传导到燃料电池。 另一个热效率的实施例使用换热器将燃料电池系统中产生的热量传递给进入的燃料。 燃料电池组件还可以包括多层绝缘装置,以减少来自燃料电池和燃料处理器的热损失,二者通常在高温下工作。
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公开(公告)号:US20050255368A1
公开(公告)日:2005-11-17
申请号:US11127788
申请日:2005-05-11
申请人: Ian Kaye , Jennifer Brantley , David Sopchak
发明人: Ian Kaye , Jennifer Brantley , David Sopchak
CPC分类号: H01M8/24 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0432 , H01M8/04619 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04955 , H01M8/2415 , H01M8/2485 , H01M2250/30 , Y02B90/18
摘要: The present invention relates to compact and high power density fuel cells. The fuel cells generate electrical energy and include a three-dimensional (3-D) architecture. The 3-D architectures include active surfaces whose dimensions may be varied during fuel cell design in three dimensions. Fabrication of the 3-D architectures may use wafer-processing technologies such as etching and deposition on etched surfaces. Fuel cells described herein provide power densities (power per unit volume or mass) at levels not yet seen in the fuel cell industry; some fuel cells are small enough to fit in a cell phone and power the cell phone.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及致密和高功率密度的燃料电池。 燃料电池产生电能并且包括三维(3-D)结构。 三维架构包括主动表面,其尺寸可能在三维燃料电池设计期间变化。 3-D架构的制造可以使用晶片处理技术,例如蚀刻和沉积在蚀刻表面上。 本文所述的燃料电池以燃料电池行业尚未见的水平提供功率密度(每单位体积或质量的功率); 一些燃料电池足够小以适应手机并为手机供电。
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公开(公告)号:US20060194082A1
公开(公告)日:2006-08-31
申请号:US11346547
申请日:2006-02-01
申请人: Gerry Tucker , Robert Richardson , Ian Kaye , Joseph Allen
发明人: Gerry Tucker , Robert Richardson , Ian Kaye , Joseph Allen
CPC分类号: H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04067 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04197 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/043 , H01M8/04365 , H01M8/04388 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04589 , H01M8/04679 , H01M8/0491 , H01M8/04917 , H01M8/0494 , H01M8/04947 , H01M8/04955 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M16/006 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/30 , Y02B90/18 , Y02E60/523
摘要: The invention relates to hybrid fuel cell systems that protect a fuel cell with a second electrical energy source. The second electrical energy source powers a load to prevent the fuel cell from witnessing stoichiometric levels that may lead to reductions in fuel cell performance or health. The hybrid fuel cell system includes an electrical circuit that electrically initiates the electrical energy source to provide power to the load in response to detecting a potential stoichiometric disturbance for the fuel cell.
摘要翻译: 本发明涉及用第二电能源保护燃料电池的混合燃料电池系统。 第二个电能源为负载供电,以防止燃料电池目睹化学计量水平,这可能导致燃料电池性能或健康状况的下降。 混合燃料电池系统包括电路,其电响应于检测到燃料电池的化学计量扰动而电启动电能源以向负载提供电力。
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10.
公开(公告)号:US20050186455A1
公开(公告)日:2005-08-25
申请号:US10877769
申请日:2004-06-25
申请人: Ian Kaye , Gerry Tucker
发明人: Ian Kaye , Gerry Tucker
IPC分类号: B01J19/00 , B01J19/24 , C01B3/24 , C01B3/38 , C08F4/636 , C08F4/649 , C08F4/651 , C08F4/654 , H01M20060101 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号: H01M8/04225 , B01J8/0214 , B01J8/0221 , B01J8/0242 , B01J8/0285 , B01J8/0438 , B01J8/0484 , B01J19/0093 , B01J19/249 , B01J2208/00061 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00398 , B01J2208/00407 , B01J2208/00415 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/00646 , B01J2208/00716 , B01J2219/00783 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00907 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2458 , B01J2219/2459 , B01J2219/2462 , B01J2219/2465 , B01J2219/2467 , B01J2219/247 , B01J2219/2475 , B01J2219/2479 , B01J2219/2481 , B01J2219/2482 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/38 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0805 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/82 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04067 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04298 , H01M8/0435 , H01M8/04365 , H01M8/04373 , H01M8/04388 , H01M8/04425 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04589 , H01M8/04604 , H01M8/04619 , H01M8/04626 , H01M8/04731 , H01M8/04738 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04768 , H01M8/04776 , H01M8/04955 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/0662 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P70/56
摘要: Described herein are fuel cell systems and methods of using fuel cell systems. The systems include a fuel cell that generates electrical energy using hydrogen and a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel processor includes a reformer and a burner that heats the reformer. One heat efficient fuel cell system described herein heats internal portions of a fuel cell using a heating medium from a fuel processor. The heating medium may comprise gases exhausted at high temperatures from the fuel processor, which are then transported to the fuel cell. The heating medium may also include a gas that reacts catalytically in the fuel cell to produce heat. Systems and methods for expediting fuel cell system start up are provided. Methods for shutting down a fuel cell system are also described that reduce the amount of moisture and gases in the reformer and in one or more fuel cell components. One hydrogen efficient fuel cell system described herein transports hydrogen to an inlet of a burner. The hydrogen may comprise unused hydrogen from a fuel cell and/or hydrogen produced in a reformer. The burner comprises a catalyst that facilitates production of heat in the presence of the hydrogen.
摘要翻译: 这里描述的是燃料电池系统和使用燃料电池系统的方法。 该系统包括使用氢气产生电能的燃料电池和从燃料源产生氢气的燃料处理器。 燃料处理器包括重整器和加热重整器的燃烧器。 本文所述的一种热效率燃料电池系统使用来自燃料处理器的加热介质加热燃料电池的内部部分。 加热介质可以包括在来自燃料处理器的高温下排出的气体,然后将其输送到燃料电池。 加热介质还可以包括在燃料电池中催化反应产生热量的气体。 提供了加快燃料电池系统启动的系统和方法。 还描述了关闭燃料电池系统的方法,其减少了重整器和一个或多个燃料电池部件中的水分和气体的量。 本文所述的一个氢效率高的燃料电池系统将氢输送到燃烧器的入口。 氢可以包括来自燃料电池的未使用的氢和/或在重整器中产生的氢。 燃烧器包括促进在氢存在下产生热的催化剂。
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