摘要:
A one dimensional series of complex coupled (gain or loss coupled) DFB semiconductor lasers is disclosed. Each laser comprises a multiple quantum well active region and a complex coupled grating having corrugations along a cavity length direction formed by periodically etching grooves through the active region. The grating has a period comprising a first section and a second section, wherein substantially all quantum wells are etched away from the second section providing no substantial photon generation in the second section. The depth of etching is defined so as to provide a substantial insensitivity of each laser to the external feedback and random facet variations and to ensure no substantial interaction between lasers in the series. The lasers in the series may further comprise means for tuning laser wavelengths around corresponding lasing modes and/or means for switching between the lasing modes. The series of lasers is also capable of simultaneous multi-wavelength generation, with the number of generated wavelengths being equal to a number of lasers in the series excited above threshold levels.
摘要:
A complex coupled (gain coupled or loss coupled) distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser, having two sections axially distinct along a cavity length direction, and two excitation means for independent pumping of corresponding sections of the laser in a master and slave type of pumping control, is provided. An extended continuous wavelength tuning range of the laser is obtained by selectively activating a left Bragg mode or a right Bragg mode across the stop band of the laser as a dominant lasing mode by the master and slave type of current injection control into different sections of the laser to alternate gain coupling and loss coupling mechanisms of laser operation, and further tuning a wavelength around the activated Bragg mode. Methods of operating the laser, enhancing a tuning range, and fabricating thereof are provided.
摘要:
A two-dimensional matrix of complex coupled (gain or loss coupled) semiconductor DFB lasers is disclosed. The matrix includes several parallel branches of series lasers, each series having a plurality of lasers which are grown on the same wafer. The parallel branches are combined at either one end or both ends with either an integrated on-chip optical combiner or an external coupler to obtain a single optical output port. Each laser in the series comprises a multiple quantum well active region and a complex coupled grating having corrugations along a cavity length direction formed by periodic etching grooves through either the active region or the lossy QW region. The depth of etching is defined so as to provide a substantial insensitivity of each laser to the external feedback and random facet variations and to thereby ensure no substantial interaction between lasers in the series. Bragg wavelengths of lasers from different series interleave with each other or differ incrementally along a cavity length direction. The sub tuning wavelength range covered by one laser in the matrix falls outside of the stopbands of all other lasers which are not only in the same series but also physically close to the designated output port. The laser structure is capable of simultaneous multi-wavelength generation, and/or tunable selectable single wavelength operation, and/or reliable wavelength switching.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a silicon photonics integrated apparatus that includes an input to receive an optical signal, a splitter optically coupled to the input to split the optical signal at a first path and a second path, a polarization beam splitter and rotator (PBSR) optically coupled with the first path or the second path, and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) optically coupled with the first path or the second path and disposed between the splitter and the PBSR. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.
摘要:
A solar cell includes a first electrode on a substrate; a plurality of pillars on the first electrode; a semiconductor layer on the first electrode, wherein a surface area of the semiconductor layer is greater than a surface area of the first electrode; and a second electrode over the semiconductor layer.
摘要:
The present invention provides synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists comprising consensus or hybrid Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists, containing one or more native or non-native glycosylation sites. The present invention further provides oral formulations of protease-resistant or protease-resistant, hyperglycosylated polypeptide variants, which polypeptide variants lack at least one protease cleavage site found in a parent polypeptide, and thus exhibit increased protease resistance compared to the parent polypeptide, which polypeptide variants further include (1) a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to at least one non-native glycosylation site not found in the parent protein therapeutic or (2) a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to at least one native glycosylation site found but not glycosylated in the parent protein therapeutic. The present invention further provides compositions, including oral pharmaceutical compositions, comprising the synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonist, the hyperglycosylated polypeptide variant, the protease-resistant polypeptide variant, or the hyperglycosylated, protease-resistant polypeptide variant. The present invention further provides containers, devices, and kits comprising the synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonist, the hyperglycosylated polypeptide variant, the protease-resistant polypeptide variant, or the hyperglycosylated, protease-resistant polypeptide variant. The present invention further provides therapeutic methods involving administering an effective amount of an oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonist, a hyperglycosylated polypeptide variant, a protease-resistant polypeptide variant, or a hyperglycosylated, protease-resistant polypeptide variant to an individual in need thereof.
摘要:
An apparatus for improving the density and uniformity of plasma in the manufacture of a semiconductor device features a plasma chamber having a complex geometry that causes plasma density to be increased at the periphery or edge of a semiconductor wafer being processed, thereby compensating for a plasma density that is typically more concentrated at the center of the semiconductor wafer. By mounting a target semiconductor wafer in a chamber region that has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than a cross-sectional area of a plasma source chamber region, a predetermine flow of generated plasma from the source becomes concentrated as it moves toward the semiconductor wafer, particularly at the periphery of the semiconductor wafer. This provides a more uniform plasma density across the entire surface of the target semiconductor wafer than has heretofore been available.
摘要:
A method for driving a liquid crystal display is provided. In the method, a first pre-charge voltage and a second pre-charge voltage are generated from an external voltage source separated from a data driving integrated circuit. A data line is pre-charged with the first pre-charge voltage during a first period. The data line is charged to reach a target value of a first data signal during a second period. The data line is pre-charged with the second pre-charge voltage during a third period. The data line is charged to reach a target value of a second data signal during a fourth period. A liquid crystal display device is capable of reducing the heating value of a driver that drives the data line.
摘要:
The present invention provides synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists comprising consensus or hybrid Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists, containing one or more native or non-native glycosylation sites. The present invention further provides oral formulations of protease-resistant or protease-resistant, hyperglycosylated polypeptide variants, which polypeptide variants lack at least one protease cleavage site found in a parent polypeptide, and thus exhibit increased protease resistance compared to the parent polypeptide, which polypeptide variants further include (1) a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to at least one non-native glycosylation site not found in the parent protein therapeutic or (2) a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to at least one native glycosylation site found but not glycosylated in the parent protein therapeutic. The present invention further provides compositions, including oral pharmaceutical compositions, comprising the synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonist, the hyperglycosylated polypeptide variant, the protease-resistant polypeptide variant, or the hyperglycosylated, protease-resistant polypeptide variant. The present invention further provides containers, devices, and kits comprising the synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonist, the hyperglycosylated polypeptide variant, the protease-resistant polypeptide variant, or the hyperglycosylated, protease-resistant polypeptide variant. The present invention further provides therapeutic methods involving administering an effective amount of an oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonist, a hyperglycosylated polypeptide variant, a protease-resistant polypeptide variant, or a hyperglycosylated, protease-resistant polypeptide variant to an individual in need thereof.
摘要:
Embodiments described herein may be related to optical devices and apparatuses directed to forming waveguides and optical phase modulators that enable high baud rate modulation. In one embodiment, an optical phase modulator includes: photonic optical waveguides having their cladding regions and electrical contacts formed by material with its absolute permittivity near zero (ENZ), and their waveguide core region formed by electro-optical (EO) material or silicon PN junction whose optical refractive index changes with strength of externally applied electrical field. The ENZ material described herein further possesses properties of both optical transparency at operating wavelength and electrical conductivity. The ENZ claddings and electrodes may further have dimensions to enable high externally applied electrical field within waveguide core. The EO material described herein includes but not limited to organic polymers, LiNbO3, liquid crystals. Other embodiments are described and claimed.