摘要:
A coalescing filter capable of removing liquid aerosols (such as water and oil) from gaseous streams with high efficiency. The filter comprises three layers, (a) an intermediate fibrous layer having a pore size of from about 1.25(t) to about 2(t), where t is the dynamic film thickness of the aerosol in the gaseous stream, the fibers of the intermediate fibrous layer having diameters ranging from about 0.1 to about 20 micrometers, (b) a fibrous layer upstream of the intermediate layer having a pore size greater than the intermediate layer, and (c) a downstream fibrous layer having a pore size greater than the intermediate layer and wherein the critical surface energy of each layer of the filter is less than the surface tension of the liquid making up the aerosol.
摘要:
Processes for the high efficiency removal liquid aerosols from gaseous streams and coalescing filters for carrying out such processes are provided. The filter comprises a porous medium having a critical surface energy less than the surface tension of the liquid to be removed and the dynamic film thickness of the liquid to be removed is from about 0.5 D to about 0.8 D, where D is the mean pore diameter of the porous medium, whereby, in operation, the correlation of the pore size with the dynamic film thickness of the liquid coupled with the relationship between the surface tension of the liquid and the critical surface energy of the porous medium provide high efficiency removal of the liquid aerosol with a minimum resistance of flow. The effluent typically contains 0.05 ppm or less, by weight, of aerosol.
摘要:
Carbon or activated carbon nanofibers are made from fibrillated nanofibers having a Canadian Standard Freeness of less than about 100, and/or a fiber diameter of less than or equal to about 400 nm. BET surface areas are greater than about 800 m2/g The fibrillated nanofibers can be made into a precursor paper and subjected to heat treatment to form carbon or activated carbon nanofiber sheets. A method of making is disclosed wherein carbonization occurs at a temperature of less than about 600° C. Activation occurs at temperatures greater than about 875° C. in less than or equal to about 30 minutes in an oxidizing atmosphere. Single step carbonization and activation in an oxidizing atmosphere is also disclosed. The carbon nanofibers or structures made therefrom are useful as filter media providing efficient adsorption and interception of microbiological contaminants due to the microporous carbon nanofiber structure.
摘要:
A fiber-fiber composite is disclosed herein comprising majority fibers and minority fibers, the minority fibers having a softening point lower than said majority fibers such that when the admixture of majority fibers and minority fibers are wet laid to form a paper-like structure and subjected to a pressure and a temperature above the softening point of said minority fibers, said majority fibers and minority fibers form said composite having a mean pore diameter equal to or less than about 1 μm with a porosity of greater than about 35%, and a wet strength of greater than about 0.013 kg/mm.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a microbiological interception enhanced filter medium, preferably having an adsorbent prefilter located upstream from the filter medium. Preferably, the prefilter is adapted to remove natural organic matter in an influent prior to the influent contacting the microbiological interception enhanced filter medium, thereby preventing loss of charge on the filter medium. The microbiological interception enhanced filter medium is most preferably comprised of fibrillated cellulose fibers, in particular, lyocell fibers. At least a portion of the surface of the at least some of the fibers have formed thereon a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic metal complex. A filter medium of the present invention provides greater than about 4 log viral interception, and greater than about 6 log bacterial interception.
摘要:
An apparatus and method useful for brewing a beverage. A brewing liquid, generally water, and in some cases brewing ingredients, are placed in a container having a bottom with openings that, due to surface tension of the liquid, do not allow the liquid to pass through the openings until the liquid approaches or reaches its boiling point. The liquid is heated to approach its boiling point by placing the apparatus in a microwave oven or by the use of an electrical resistance heater associated with the container. The brewed beverage is captured in a second, temporary container from which it may be consumed or served.
摘要:
Thin, flexible composite materials, which are magnetic or magnetizable and processes for producing and using the materials. The composite material contains a laminate formed from a mixture of magnetic or magnetizable particles, binder particles (and optionally active particles), applied to and fused and/or coalesced with a first substrate. The composite preferably contains an additional second substrate fused to and/or coalesced with, the laminate on the side of the laminate opposite that of the first substrate.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for generating water vapor or humidity, useful in a variety of applications, including a wood drying kiln. The apparatus may contain a hydrophilic disk, a water supply structure that supplies water so that the water is deposited on the hydrophilic disk, and a motor for rotating the disk at a speed sufficiently high so that water which is deposited on the disk is caused to leave the disk in the form of a mist of particles or droplets which are sufficiently small to evaporate rapidly to generate the water vapor. The disk may be made hydrophilic by covering with a fabric.
摘要:
There is provided composite media and a method of producing them. The composite media contain a coalesced composite mixture of particles of an active ingredient, binder particles, and stabilizing particles. The stabilizing particles fuse the composite structure to both front and back substrates while the binder particles fuse the particles of active ingredient to each other and to one of the front and back substrates.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a microbiological interception enhanced filter medium comprising a microporous structure having a mean flow path of less than about 2 microns and made of an array of active particles. At least a portion of the surface of microporous structure has formed thereon a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic material in combination with a biologically active metal. A microbiological interception enhanced filter medium of the present invention provides greater than about 4 log viral interception, and greater than about 6 log bacterial interception.