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公开(公告)号：US4472057A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-18
申请号：US318955
申请日：1981-11-06
CPC分类号： B65G43/04 , G01B11/285
摘要： The resolution of the measuring system of a conveyor type leaf-area meter is optimized when changes are made in the size of the area that is scanned by adjusting: (1) the lens of the scanner; (2) the rate of readout of the pulses from the scanner; and (3) the decimal place of the display unit.
摘要翻译： 当通过调整扫描区域的尺寸进行改变时，优化传送式叶片面积计的测量系统的分辨率：（1）扫描仪的镜头; （2）从扫描仪读出脉冲的速率; 和（3）显示单元的小数位。
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公开(公告)号：US4867563A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-19
申请号：US788084
申请日：1985-10-15
CPC分类号： G01J3/06 , G01J3/28 , G01J2003/1828 , G01J3/0232 , G01J3/0256 , G01J3/0262 , G01J3/027 , G01J3/0283 , G01J3/0291 , G01N2201/125 , G01N2201/127
摘要： To provide sufficient sensitivity, spectral resolution and speed of measurement for field environmental measurements in a portable spectroradiometer, a silicon photodiode receives light: (1) having a bandwidth in the range of between 2 and 15 nm (nanometers) from a pivotable concave holographic diffraction grating within the wavelength range of between 250 and 1150 nm at a scanning rate in the range of 20 to 100 nm per second; (2) having stray light of high intensity and undesired frequencies and the shorter wavelength harmonics of the selected frequency range blocked by filters; and (3) having flux of at least 10 microwatts per square meter of diffuser plate for each nanometer of bandwidth. Automatic electrical zeroing is obtained by blocking all light once at the beginning of each scan, obtaining an electrical drift-related signal and using the drift signal to adjust the measured signal during the scan. Several different sensing interfaces can be used, including a quartz, light fiber probe having at least a 50% packing density and a cone angle of at least 24 degrees. The data and the programming storage is at least 30K bytes but the instrument uses no more than watts of power when the instrument is not scanning.
摘要翻译： 为了在便携式分光光度计中提供足够的灵敏度，光谱分辨率和现场环境测量的测量速度，硅光电二极管接收光：（1）具有从可枢转的凹面全息衍射的2至15nm（纳米）范围内的带宽 在20至100nm /秒的范围内的扫描速率在250至1150nm的波长范围内光栅; （2）具有高强度和不期望频率的杂散光，并且所选频率范围的较短波长谐波被滤波器阻挡; 和（3）每纳米带宽具有至少10微瓦每平方米扩散板的通量。 通过在每次扫描开始时阻止所有光一次获得自动电调零，获得电漂移相关信号，并使用漂移信号在扫描期间调整测量信号。 可以使用几种不同的感测接口，包括具有至少50％填充密度和至少24度的锥角的石英光纤探针。 数据和编程存储器至少为30K字节，但仪器未扫描时仪器的功率不超过瓦特。
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公开(公告)号：US4375920A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-08
申请号：US929277
申请日：1978-07-31
CPC分类号： B65G43/04 , G01B11/285
摘要： To synchronize the belt of a conveyor, a scanner, a fluorescent lamp, and an LED display unit of an area meter, the main AC power supply of the area meter drives the conveyor belt through a synchronous motor and supplies the same frequency of power to a phase locked loop. The phase locked loop provides synchronous pulses of higher frequencies to the scanning system, fluorescent lamp and LED display unit to maintain synchronism. The resolution of the measuring system is optimized when changes are made in the size of the area that is scanned by adjusting: (1) the lens of the scanner; (2) the rate of readout of the pulses from the scanner; and (3) the decimal place of the display unit. Travel from side to side of the belt is avoided by individually adjusting the ends of the pulleys until the belt runs true and an idler which lifts both bottom and top run of the belt when an object moves under it prevents slippage of the belt with respect to the rollers and the bite of the conveyor is adjustable.
摘要翻译： 为了使输送机，扫描仪，荧光灯和区域仪表的LED显示单元的带同步，区域计量器的主交流电源通过同步电机驱动输送带，并将相同的功率频率提供给 一个锁相环。 锁相环为扫描系统，荧光灯和LED显示单元提供更高频率的同步脉冲，以保持同步。 当通过调整扫描区域的大小进行改变时，测量系统的分辨率得到优化：（1）扫描仪的镜头; （2）从扫描仪读出脉冲的速率; 和（3）显示单元的小数位。 通过单独调整皮带轮的端部直到皮带正常运行，并且当物体在其下方移动时，使皮带的底部和顶部行程升高的惰轮可以避免皮带的一侧到另一侧的行进，从而防止皮带相对于皮带的滑动 滚筒和输送机的咬入可调。
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公开(公告)号：US4169287A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-25
申请号：US803576
申请日：1977-06-06
摘要： To provide a printout corresponding to the integral of the current or voltage from any of several different instruments, a printing integrator includes a voltage-to-frequency converter which receives current or voltage through a replaceable buffer amplifier and provides pulses to a counter at a rate proportional to the amplitude of the input current or voltage. The output of the counter is printed in rows along with the time of printing and an indication of the state of the battery.To generate pulses at a rate proportional to an input signal, a charge is periodically supplied to a feedback capacitor of an operational amplifier from a storage capacitor in the voltage-to-frequency converter, and an input current derived from the signal decreases the charge in the feedback capacitor until the output potential of the operational amplifier drops below a level set on a comparator, thus generating a pulse and initiating another discharge from the storage capacitor into the feedback capacitor.
摘要翻译： 为了提供对应于来自几种不同仪器中的任何一种的电流或电压的积分的打印输出，印刷积分器包括电压 - 频率转换器，其通过可更换缓冲放大器接收电流或电压，并以一定速率向计数器提供脉冲 与输入电流或电压的幅度成比例。 计数器的输出与打印时间一起打印成行，并指示电池的状态。
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公开(公告)号：US5534125A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-09
申请号：US288461
申请日：1994-08-10
IPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/01 , C12Q1/68 , G01N21/64 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/0066 , C12Q1/6869 , G01N21/6428 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/44721 , G01N27/44726 , G01N2021/6417
摘要： To sequence DNA, DNA samples marked with flourscent infrared dye are applied at a plurality of locations for electrophoresing in a plurality of channels through a gel electrophoresis slab. The channels are scanned with a laser and a sensor, that include a microscope focused on the gel slab. The focal point and slab are adjusted with respect to each other so that the focal point of the microscope remains on the gel slab during a scan. The data from the scan is directly used to amplitude modulate density readings on a display, and the scan is displayed in a horizontal sweep of a cathode ray tube, whereby said cathode ray tube provides intensity displays of bands representing DNA. Different sizes of glass gel sandwiches may be mounted to the same console for different sequencing tasks.
摘要翻译： 为了对DNA进行序列分析，在多个位置上应用标有荧光红外染料的DNA样品，通过凝胶电泳板在多个通道中电泳。 用激光和传感器扫描通道，其中包括聚焦在凝胶板上的显微镜。 焦点和平板相对于彼此调节，使得显微镜的焦点在扫描期间保留在凝胶板上。 来自扫描的数据直接用于幅度调制显示器上的浓度读数，并且扫描以阴极射线管的水平扫描显示，由此所述阴极射线管提供表示DNA的带的强度显示。 不同尺寸的玻璃凝胶三明治可以安装在相同的控制台上用于不同的测序任务。
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公开(公告)号：US4218140A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-19
申请号：US935553
申请日：1978-08-21
CPC分类号： H03G3/345 , G01J1/44 , G01R19/18 , H03F1/303 , H03G3/00 , H03F2200/261 , H03F2200/372
摘要： To permit a portable light meter to operate without zero adjustment and without excessive battery drain, a chopper-stabilized amplifier amplifies the DC signal from the light sensor of the light meter. The chopper in the chopper-stabilized amplifier is an FET circuit having a high impedance compensating circuit to avoid battery drain while compensating for interelectrode capacitance. The power supply obtains the ground level potential from the output of an operational amplifier with negative and positive potentials being generated from that reference potential so as to not require a center tap on the battery pack.
摘要翻译： 为了允许便携式光度计在没有零点调整的情况下运行，没有过多的电池耗尽，斩波稳定的放大器放大来自光度计的光传感器的直流信号。 斩波稳定放大器中的斩波器是具有高阻抗补偿电路的FET电路，以在补偿电极间电容的同时避免电池漏极。 电源从运算放大器的输出获得地电位电位，其中从该参考电位产生负电位和正电位，从而不需要电池组上的中心抽头。
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公开(公告)号：US4729947A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-08
申请号：US594676
申请日：1984-03-29
IPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C12N15/00 , C12N15/09 , C12Q1/68 , G01N21/64 , G01N27/26 , G01N27/447 , G01N33/50 , G01N33/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/44726 , C07D209/60 , C12Q1/6816 , C12Q1/6869 , G01N21/6428 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/44721 , Y10S435/803
摘要： To sequence long strands of DNA, cloned strands having lengths longer than 100 bases are, in one embodiment, marked on one end with biotin. These strands are divided into 4 aliquots and each aliquot: (1) is uniquely chemically treated to randomly terminate the strands at the non-biotinylated end at a selected type of base; and (2) is moved continuously by electrophoresis through a different one of four identical channels. In the one embodiment, the strands are randomly terminated at a selected base type and they are moved into avidin, which due to high affinity, combines with the biotin marked ends of shorter strands before the longer strands are fully resolved in the gel. The avidin is marked with fluorescein, the strands are scanned and the signals are decoded. In another embodiment, the strands are synthesized, with termination at a selected base type and marked either by the above method or by ethidium bromide.
摘要翻译： 为了序列长链DNA，在一个实施方案中，长度超过100个碱基的克隆的链在一端用生物素标记。 将这些链分成4等份，并且每个等分试样：（1）被唯一化学处理以在选定类型的碱基处的非生物素化末端随机终止链; 和（2）通过电泳通过四个相同通道中的不同的一个连续移动。 在一个实施方案中，链以选定的碱基类型随机终止，并且它们被移动到抗生物素蛋白中，其由于高亲和力而与长链在凝胶中完全分解之前与短链的生物素标记的末端结合。 抗生物蛋白标记有荧光素，扫描股线并对信号进行解码。 在另一个实施方案中，合成链，其终止于选定的碱基类型，并用上述方法或溴化乙锭标记。
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8.发明授权Sequencing near infrared and infrared fluorescense labeled DNA for detecting using laser diodes and suitable labels thereof 失效测量近红外和红外荧光标记的DNA，用于检测激光二极管及其合适的标签
公开(公告)号：US5571388A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-05
申请号：US204627
申请日：1994-03-01
申请人： Gabor Patonay , Narasimhachari Narayanan , Lucjan Strekowski , Lyle R. Middendorf , Malgorzata Lipowska
发明人： Gabor Patonay , Narasimhachari Narayanan , Lucjan Strekowski , Lyle R. Middendorf , Malgorzata Lipowska
IPC分类号： C07D209/12 , C07D209/60 , C09B23/00 , C09B23/01 , C12N15/09 , C12Q1/68 , G01N21/64 , G01N27/447 , G01N33/58 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/0066 , C12Q1/6816 , C12Q1/6869 , G01N21/6428 , G01N21/6458 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/44721 , G01N27/44726 , Y10S435/968 , Y10S436/80
摘要： To sequence DNA automatically, DNA marked with far infrared, near infrared, or infrared fluorescent dyes are electrophoresed in a plurality of channels through a gel electrophoresis slab or capillary tubes wherein the DNA samples are resolved in accordance with the size of DNA fragments in the gel electrophoresis slab or capillary tubes into fluorescently marked DNA bands. The separated samples are scanned photoelectrically with a laser diode and a sensor, wherein the laser scans with scanning light at a wavelength within the absorbance spectrum of said fluorescently marked DNA samples and light is sensed at the emission wavelength of the marked DNA.
摘要翻译： 为了自动序列DNA，用远红外线，近红外或红外荧光染料标记的DNA通过凝胶电泳板或毛细管在多个通道中进行电泳，其中根据凝胶中DNA片段的大小来分离DNA样品 电泳板或毛细管进入荧光标记的DNA条带。 分离的样品用激光二极管和传感器进行光电扫描，其中激光扫描具有在所述荧光标记的DNA样品的吸收光谱内的波长的扫描光，并且在标记的DNA的发射波长处感测光。
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9.发明授权Sequencing near infrared and infrared fluorescence labeled DNA for detecting useing laser diodes 失效测量使用激光二极管的近红外和红外荧光标记的DNA
公开(公告)号：US5366603A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US860140
申请日：1992-03-30
申请人： Lyle R. Middendorf , Gabor Patonay
发明人： Lyle R. Middendorf , Gabor Patonay
IPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/01 , C12Q1/68 , G01N21/64 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/26 , B01D57/02
CPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/0066 , C12Q1/6816 , C12Q1/6869 , G01N21/6428 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/44721 , G01N27/44726 , G01N2021/6417
摘要： To sequence DNA automatically, DNA marked with near infrared fluorescent dyes are electrophoresed in a plurality of channels through a gel electrophoresis slab wherein the DNA samples are resolved in accordance with the size of DNA fragments in the gel electrophoresis slab into fluorescently marked DNA bands. The separated samples are scanned photoelectrically with a laser diode and a sensor, wherein the laser scans with scanning light at a scanning light frequency within the absorbance spectrum of said fluorescently marked DNA samples and light is sensed at the emission frequency of the marked DNA. The light is modulated from said laser at a predetermined modulation frequency and fluorescent light emitted by said DNA bands at said modulation frequency is detected, whereby background noise from the medium through which the light is transmitted is discriminated against.
摘要翻译： 为了自动序列DNA，用近红外荧光染料标记的DNA通过凝胶电泳板在多个通道中进行电泳，其中根据凝胶电泳板中DNA片段的大小将DNA样品分解成荧光标记的DNA条带。 分离的样品用激光二极管和传感器进行光电扫描，其中激光以扫描光频率在所述荧光标记的DNA样品的吸收光谱内以扫描光扫描，并以标记的DNA的发射频率感测光。 以预定的调制频率从所述激光器调制光，并且检测由所述DNA条带以所述调制频率发射的荧光，从而区分来自发射光的介质的背景噪声。
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公开(公告)号：US5360523A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-01
申请号：US18806
申请日：1993-02-17
IPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/01 , C12Q1/68 , G01N21/64 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/0066 , C12Q1/6869 , G01N21/6428 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/44721 , G01N27/44726 , G01N2021/6417
摘要： To sequence DNA, DNA samples marked with fluorescent infrared dye are applied at a plurality of locations for electrophoresing in a plurality of channels through a gel electrophoresis slab. The channels are scanned with a laser and a sensor, that include a microscope focused on the gel slab. The focal point and slab are adjusted with respect to each other so that the focal point of the microscope remains on the gel slab during a scan. The data from the scan is directly used to amplitude modulate density readings on a display, and the scan is displayed in a horizontal sweep of a cathode ray tube, whereby said cathode ray tube provides intensity displays of bands representing DNA. Different sizes of glass gel sandwiches may be mounted to the same console for different sequencing tasks.
摘要翻译： 为了对DNA进行序列分析，用荧光红外染料标记的DNA样品在多个位置施加，以通过凝胶电泳板在多个通道中电泳。 用激光和传感器扫描通道，其中包括聚焦在凝胶板上的显微镜。 焦点和平板相对于彼此调节，使得显微镜的焦点在扫描期间保留在凝胶板上。 来自扫描的数据直接用于幅度调制显示器上的浓度读数，并且扫描以阴极射线管的水平扫描显示，由此所述阴极射线管提供表示DNA的带的强度显示。 不同尺寸的玻璃凝胶三明治可以安装在相同的控制台上用于不同的测序任务。
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