摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide photoacid generator, which shows very high sensitivity in the near ultraviolet range of about 300 to 400 nm, and also can remarkably increase a reaction rate of a photoreactive composition using the same, and to provide a photoreactive composition which can initiate the reaction even by irradiation with near ultraviolet light within a short time and also can obtain a desired reaction product. More particularly, the present invention provides a dithienyl sulfide disulfonium salt represented by the formula (A1): wherein R1a to R4a each independently represents an optionally substituted monocyclic carbon ring group, an optionally substituted condensed polycyclic carbon ring group or an optionally substituted monocyclic heterocyclic group, and X− represents an inorganic acid ion or an organic acid ion; a photoacid generator containing the dithienyl sulfide disulfonium salt, and a photoreactive composition containing the photoacid generator and an acid reactive compound; a dithienyl sulfide sulfonium salt represented by the formula (B1): wherein R1b and R2b each independently represents an optionally substituted monocyclic carbon ring group, an optionally substituted condensed polycyclic carbon ring group or an optionally substituted monocyclic heterocyclic group, R3b to R5b each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group or a hydroxyl group, and X− represents an inorganic acid ion or an organic acid ion, a photoacid generator containing the same, and a photoreactive composition containing the photoacid generator; and a phenylthiothiophene sulfonium salt represented by the formula (C1): wherein R1c and R2c each independently represents an optionally substituted monocyclic carbon ring group, an optionally substituted condensed polycyclic carbon ring group or an optionally substituted monocyclic heterocyclic group, and R3c to R7c each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group or a hydroxyl group, and X− represents an inorganic acid ion or an organic acid ion, a photoacid generator containing the same, and a photoreactive composition containing the photoacid generator and an acid reactive compound.
摘要:
A photoacid generator, which shows very high sensitivity in the near ultraviolet range of about 300 to 400 nm, and also can remarkably increase a reaction rate of a photoreactive composition using the same, and a photoreactive composition which can initiate the reaction even by irradiation with near ultraviolet light within a short time and also can obtain a desired reaction product. A dithienyl sulfide disulfonium salt represented by the formula (A1): a dithienyl sulfide sulfonium salt represented by the formula (B1): and a phenylthiothiophene sulfonium salt represented by the formula (C1):
摘要:
A power source device for rectifying the output of an AC generator in which magneto coils are in a star-shaped connection in three phases. The device includes a control rectifier circuit configured from a first control rectifier circuit for performing full-wave rectification on three-phase AC voltages, and a second control rectifier circuit for performing full-wave rectification on AC voltages obtained between neutral and each of two-phase AC output terminals selected from the three-phase AC output terminals of the generator, as well as on AC voltage obtained between the selected two-phase AC output terminals; and a controller controlling the first and second circuits so that the output of the first circuit is supplied to the load when the rotational speed of the generator is equal/less than a set speed, and the output of the second circuit is supplied to the load when the rotational speed exceeds the set speed.
摘要:
Piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramics having the composition represented by the general formula: xBNT-yBKT-zBT (x+y+z=1) are provided, wherein at least one kind among A-site elements are allowed to become deficient from stoichiometry in which a point (x, y, z) representing content ratios x, y and z of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3, (Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 and BaTiO3 is within a range including a border line of a quadrangle ABCD with a point A, a point B, a point C and a point D as vertices in a ternary phase diagram. Vacancies are formed in an A-site of a perovskite structure by allowing the A-site elements to become deficient from stoichiometry. An amount of A-site vacancies becomes at least 2 mol % to at most 6 mol %.
摘要翻译:提供具有由通式xBNT-yBKT-zBT(x + y + z = 1)表示的组成的压电/电致伸缩陶瓷,其中A位元素中的至少一种因化学计量而变得不足,其中a (Bi1 / 2Na1 / 2)TiO3,(Bi1 / 2K1 / 2)TiO3和BaTiO3的含量比x,y和z的点(x,y,z)在包括四边形ABCD的边界线 点A,点B,点C和点D作为三元相位图中的顶点。 通过使A位元素从化学计量学上变得缺陷,在钙钛矿结构的A位形成空位。 A位空位量变为至少2mol%至至多6mol%。
摘要:
The invention provides a (Li, Na, K)(Nb, Ta)O3 type piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramic composition capable of being sintered at a low temperature and providing good electric field-induced strain at the time of high electric field application at a temperature for practical use. The piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramic composition has an ABO3 type composition formula wherein lithium, sodium, and potassium are contained as first elements; niobium and tantalum are contained as second elements; oxygen (O) is contained as a third element; A/B ratio is higher than 1; and the ratio of the number of Ta atoms to the total number of atoms of the second elements is 10 mol % or more and 50 mol % or less, and comprises a perovskite type oxide wherein the first elements are A site composing elements and the second elements are B site composing elements.
摘要:
There is disclosed a piezoelectric/electrostrictive porcelain composition capable of manufacturing, at a comparatively low sintering temperature, a piezoelectric/electrostrictive body which is dense and superior in crystallinity and which has satisfactory piezoelectric/electrostrictive characteristics so that deviation of the composition is not easily generated. The piezoelectric/electrostrictive porcelain composition contains as a major component a piezoelectric/electrostrictive porcelain composition component including a PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3—PbZrO3—PbTiO3 ternary solid solution system composition and NiO or including a Pb(Mg, Ni)1/3Nb2/3O3—PbZrO3—PbTiO3 ternary solid solution system composition, and further contains lead germanate.
摘要:
An operating method is disclosed for a processing system that comprises multiple process modules each adapted to perform substantially the same process upon a substrate. During process module conditioning as a preparatory step for executing a required process recipe, each time one process module completes conditioning, successive transfer of unprocessed substrates from a cassette to the process module is started on an associated substrate transfer route, and successive processes that use the process module are started for the unprocessed substrates. The processing system can be operated efficiently, even if the nonuniformity of the conditioning time required exists between process modules of the same specifications.
摘要:
A substrate processing system includes a processing chamber 12, and an orienter 16 centering a wafer W. The orienter 16 is provided with an orienter sensor 42 measuring a central position discrepancy of the wafer W, and an image sensor 41 measuring a width of a non-film forming portion at circumferential portions of the wafer W. After a film deposition processing in the processing chamber 12, the wafer W is loaded into the orienter 16 where a central position discrepancy of the wafer W is measured, and the wafer W is then centered. Further, the width of the non-film forming portion of the wafer W is measured, and a film position discrepancy is calculated based on the width of the non-film forming portion. To correct the calculated film position discrepancy, a target transfer position of the wafer W on a mounting table 13 in the processing chamber 12 is adjusted.
摘要:
A piezoelectric/electrostrictive device is provided, including a substrate, an electrode layer adhering to the surface of the substrate, and a piezoelectric/electrostrictive layer adhering to the electrode layer. The electrode layer is deformed by high-temperature creep. A method for manufacturing the piezoelectric/electrostrictive device is provided including a step of cooling the piezoelectric/electrostrictive device, after firing, at a temperature decreasing rate of at least the rate of natural cooling. The cooling step includes a sub-step of holding the piezoelectric/electrostrictive device at a constant holding temperature that is lower than the firing temperature. The holding temperature is within a range of temperatures at which high-temperature creep occurs in the metal of the electrode layer so that residual stress in the piezoelectric/electrostrictive layer can be reduced.
摘要:
A piezoelectric/electrostrictive device includes: a ceramic substrate having a thick portion and a thin diaphragm portion; and a piezoelectric/electrostrictive element having a layered structure including a lower electrode, a piezoelectric/electrostrictive film, and an upper electrode, and the thin diaphragm portion of the ceramic substrate is constituted to vibrate in conjunction with the driving of the piezoelectric/electrostrictive element. Furthermore, shape and dimension relations defined in the following (A) to (C) are satisfied: (A) a shape of the thin diaphragm portion 12 is an outward protruding arch shape, and an outward protrusion height of the arch shape is in a range of 5 to 50 μm; (B) a mounting width of the thin diaphragm portion is in a range of 600 to 2000 μm; and (C) a ratio (height/width) of the height to the width of the thick portion is in a range of 0.25 to 3. According to the piezoelectric/electrostrictive device, vibration of a thin diaphragm portion is effectively prevented from being damped, and the device maintains displacement (amplitude) to be high and is superior in response and highprecision (highresolution, high-sensitivity) detection is possible.