摘要:
The surge absorber having a surge absorbing element, and first and second wire means for electrically connecting the surge absorbing element across the input lines of an electronic device. The first and second wire means are connected to the surge absorber by conductive heat releasable means, for example, a low melting point solder. The second wire means includes a spring loaded member such that, on release of the first or second wire means by the first or second heat releasable means, respectively, by melting of the solder due to heat generated by the surge absorbing element, the surge absorbing element moves away from the first or second wire means. The surge absorber prevents an abnormal heating of the surge absorbing element when continuous overvoltages or overcurrents pass therethrough.
摘要:
A surge absorber including a surge absorbing element for protecting communication equipment from transient surges and a thermal response switch with an automatic restoration function connected in parallel with the surge absorbing element. The inventive surge absorber prevents abnormal and deleterious heating of the surge absorbing element when continuous overvoltages or overcurrents are applied to the surge absorber.
摘要:
A surge absorber in which a thermal response switch is inserted in an input line at the input side of a surge absorbing element. The switch includes a conductive spring piece and a conductive hook piece. The base end of the conductive spring piece is fixed on either the first lead or the second leads and the tip of the conductive spring piece is provided with a pawl. The base end of the conductive hook piece is fixed on either the first lead or the second leads and the tip of the conductive hook piece is engaged with the pawl. At least one of the conductive spring piece and the conductive hook piece is made of a thermal response piece. Upon stopping of the applied continuous overvoltages or overcurrents, the switch can automatically be restored depending on an extent of the overcurrent by a manual operation.
摘要:
This silicon wafer production process has a step of cutting a silicon wafer from a silicon single crystal ingot in a perfect region which includes a perfect region P free of agglomerates of interstitial-silicon-type point defects and agglomerates of vacancy-type point defects and/or a region R in which there is occurrence of ring-shaped oxidation induced stacking faults, and a step of performing rapid thermal annealing on the silicon wafer in a hydrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere or an atmosphere containing a mixed gas thereof.
摘要:
Disclosed are a control system and a control method for an automatic transmission, in which a judgment is made whether or not a range selector (31) has been switched to a reverse range during forward traveling of the vehicle. When it is determined that the range selector (31) has been switched to the reverse range during forward traveling of the vehicle, a judgment is made whether or not the vehicle speed is lower than a first vehicle speed and whether or not the period of time that has elapsed until switching from the forward to the reverse range is shorter than a predetermined judgment time. When the vehicle speed is lower than the first vehicle speed and the period of time that has elapsed until switching from the forward to the reverse range is shorter than the predetermined judgment time, a forward/backward changeover mechanism (4) is switched to a reverse mode. Otherwise, the switching of the forward/backward changeover mechanism (4) to the reverse mode is delayed.
摘要:
A protection structure for a surge absorbing element for protecting equipment such as communications lines from surges caused by lightning or the like which makes use of a surge absorbing element in parallel with the equipment to be protected and a low melting point metal wire in direct contact with the element and in series therewith. The structure protects the surge absorbing element or assembly from continuous overvoltage or overcurrent which may be generated by a short-circuit of an alternating electric current source and the like.
摘要:
A torque converter lockup clutch control apparatus operates a lockup clutch to provide a controlled degree of slip between the converter cover and the turbine hub. Cylinder output sensors are provided for monitoring outputs produced in the respective cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The monitored cuylinder outputs are utilized to calculate the amplitude of fluctuation of the torque outputted from the engine. The degree of slip provided in the lockup clutch is changed when the calculated amplitude exceeds a predetermined value.
摘要:
A plurality of one-way and/or fixed orifices are each provided with a by-pass passage. A single orifice control valve is arranged to control all of the by-pass passages. The orifices are selected so that only one of the same is involved in any given mode of transmission operation.
摘要:
A system and method for automatically controlling a vehicle's speed to a desired cruise speed, for a vehicle in which a torque converter and an automatic transmission are mounted are disclosed in which, when the vehicle speed is controlled so as to conicide with the desired cruise speed by means of an automatic (vehicle) speed control device (ASCD) associated with the vehicle engine, deviation of a present vehicle speed from a desired cruise speed is derived. When a first predetermined degree of deviation is reached, the lock-up state of a lock-up device in the torque converter is inhibited. When the deviation further reaches a second predetermined degree of deviation, the second predetermined deviation being greater than the first, the automatic transmission is operated to inhibit a maximum speed gear range (e.g. a fourth speed range is downshifted to a third speed gear range). When the vehicle speed is returned to the cruise speed via the inhibition of the maximum speed gear range, the inhibit is released and thereafter lock-up inhibit is also released.
摘要:
A shift control system for an automatic transmission is disclosed, in which the servo activating pressure modulating means, modulating the servo activating pressure during a period of shifting in response to signal from the signal generating means, sets the shift feel in accordance with a command to the shift feel modulating means manually made by a driver. Further, the shift feel can also be set in accordance with the driver's command by modulating output torque of the engine during a period of shifting in response to the signal. Furthermore, upon modulating the shift feel, more remarkable modulation thereof is obtained by also modulating a shift point of the automatic transmission by the shift point modulating means.