摘要:
A process for producing 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone with a high yield which comprises reacting N,N'-dimethylethylene diamine and/or its hydrochloride with phosgene in the presence of a substantial amount of water and a dehydrochlorinating agent. Particularly, higher yield is attained by carrying out the reaction in water medium while controlling a pH to the range of 3.0 to 10.0 by adding a dehydrochlorinating agent.
摘要:
A preparation process of a bis(3-nitrophenoxy) compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a direct bond, divalent hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a divalent group selected from --C(CF.sub.3).sub.2, --CO--, --S--, --SO--, SO.sub.2 --or --O--, which comprises reacting 4,4'-bisphenol with m-dinitrobenzene in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydrogen carbonate having a particle size of 250 .mu.m or less while removing generated water from the reaction system during the reaction. In one embodiment of the process, the reaction is carried out while simultaneously adding 4,4'-bisphenol and m-dinitrobenzene to a reaction vessel which was previously charged with the base and an aprotic polar solvent.
摘要:
2,4-Xylenol can be obtained in high yield and high purity from a crude 2,4-xylenol isomer mixture containing 2,5-xylenol by selectively reacting the 2,5-xylenol with an aldehyde in the presence of an aromatic sulfonic acid, thereby converting the 2,5-xylenol into a xylenol-aldehyde condensate and, subsequently, separating the 2,4-xylenol, e.g., by distillation.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method, in which when a liquid material is applied to the application surface of an object of application by using a liquid material supply device having a syringe containing the liquid material and equipped with a needle having at its distal end an ejection hole from which the liquid material is ejected, an image of the distal end of the needle is taken laterally by a horizontal camera together with a height reference mark when an ascent/descent drive system of the liquid material supply device is set to a reference height, and the height position of the distal end of the needle is obtained from the difference between the height of the distal end of the needle and the height of the height reference mark.
摘要:
A chip mounting apparatus capable of permitting a chip mounting operation to be executed at an increased speed and ensuring continuous running of the apparatus over a long period of time. The apparatus includes a chip observing camera mounted on the side of a chip mounting head, a lighting unit mounted on the side of the chip mounting head to light a background of a chip held on a chip suction nozzle of the head, a reflection unit mounted on the side of the chip mounting head to input an image of the chip to the chip observing camera, feeder and stocker sections each adapted to replaceably held a chip storage package therein, and a package replacement mechanism for carrying out replacement of the chip storage package between both sections.
摘要:
An ignition apparatus of a capacitor discharge ignition type comprises: an ignition timing signal generator to generate an ignition timing signal synchronized with the rotation of the engine; a capacitor; a blocking oscillator; a rectifier for rectifying the output voltage of the blocking oscillator and applying the rectified voltage to the capacitor thereby charging the capacitor; a switching device which is turned on in response to the ignition timing signal and discharges the stored charges of the capacitor, thereby generating a pulse voltage across the terminals of the primary winding of an ignition coil; and an ignition plug to generate a spark discharge by a high voltage generated in the secondary winding of the ignition coil. The blocking oscillator oscillates concurrently with the engine rotation. When the ignition timing signal is generated, the oscillation of the blocking oscillator is stopped in accordance with a phase of the output voltage of the AC generator. With this apparatus, a vain charging of the capacitor and a vain spark discharge can be prevented when the engine's rotation stops. The generation of a counter torque on the engine can be certainly prevented.
摘要:
A capacitive discharge ignition system has first and second bypass elements. The bypass elements are controlled to effect equal charging from the positive and negative portions of the generator alternating power output, and to provide conductive paths for the ignition current outside the generator winding. This lessens current-induced generation of heat in the generator winding.
摘要:
An engine starter device for a motor cycle including an engine, a primary transmission having a neutral gear position, and a secondary transmission having a reverse gear position. The engine starter device starts the engine only when the primary transmission is in the neutral gear position and the secondary transmission is not in the reverse gear position.
摘要:
It is an object of the preset invention to increase adhesiveness of a semiconductor layer and a base substrate and to reduce defective bonding. An oxide film is formed on a semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor substrate is irradiated with accelerated ions through the oxide film, whereby an embrittled region is formed at a predetermined depth from a surface of the semiconductor substrate. Plasma treatment is performed on the oxide film on the semiconductor substrate and the base substrate by applying a bias voltage, the surface of the semiconductor substrate and a surface of the base substrate are disposed opposite to each other, a surface of the oxide film is bonded to the surface of the base substrate, heat treatment is performed after the surface of the oxide film is bonded to the surface of the base substrate, and separation is caused along the embrittled region, whereby a semiconductor layer is formed over the base substrate with the oxide film interposed therebetween.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide an element connecting apparatus with which the position of a core of each element in an optical transmission module in a short time with high accuracy. To attain the object, in a core position detection method according to the present invention, upon detecting a core of a PLC chip, parallel light is made incident on the output side end face of the PLC chip, so that the core position is detected based on an image of the input side end face obtained with the parallel light. In addition, the core position is detected by an image of the output side end face that is obtained while parallel light is made incident on the input side end face.