摘要:
The invention relates to an arrangement of a chemical-mechanical polishing tool for chemical-mechanical polishing a surface on a wafer, comprising a polishing pad (4), a drive unit (9), pressing means (6), a wafer holder (5), first dispensing means (7) and second dispensing means (8); the wafer holder for holding a wafer (W) being arranged at a holder location (L0); the pressing means (6) being arranged to press the wafer holder (5) to the polishing pad (4); the first dispensing means (7) for dispensing a first fluid on the polishing pad (4) being arranged at a first dispensing means location (L1); the second dispensing means (8) for dispensing a second fluid on the polishing pad (4) being arranged at a second dispensing means location (L2); the polishing pad (4) comprising a polishing surface for polishing the wafer (W), and the polishing pad (4) further being connected to the drive unit (9) for moving the polishing surface in a first direction (ω1) relative to the holder location (L0);wherein the first dispensing means location (L1) of the first dispensing means (7) is arranged in a downstream direction with respect to the holder location (L0) at a first downstream distance (d1), with the downstream direction being taken in relation to the first direction (ω1); and the second dispensing means location (L2) of the second dispensing means (8) is arranged in an upstream direction with respect to the holder location (L0) at a first upstream distance (d3), with the upstream direction being taken in relation to the first direction (ω1).The invention further relates to a method of chemical-mechanical polishing using such an arrangement.
摘要:
The invention relates to an arrangement of a chemical-mechanical polishing tool for chemical-mechanical polishing a surface on a wafer, comprising a polishing pad (4), a drive unit (9), pressing means (6), a wafer holder (5), first dispensing means (7) and second dispensing means (8); the wafer holder for holding a wafer (W) being arranged at a holder location (L0); the pressing means (6) being arranged to press the wafer holder (5) to the polishing pad (4); the first dispensing means (7) for dispensing a first fluid on the polishing pad (4) being arranged at a first dispensing means location (L1); the second dispensing means (8) for dispensing a second fluid on the polishing pad (4) being arranged at a second dispensing means location (L2); the polishing pad (4) comprising a polishing surface for polishing the wafer (W), and the polishing pad (4) further being connected to the drive unit (9) for moving the polishing surface in a first direction (ω1) relative to the holder location (L0); wherein the first dispensing means location (L1) of the first dispensing means (7) is arranged in a downstream direction with respect to the holder location (L0) at a first downstream distance (d1), with the downstream direction being taken in relation to the first direction (ω1); and the second dispensing means location (L2) of the second dispensing means (8) is arranged in an upstream direction with respect to the holder location (L0) at a first upstream distance (d3), with the upstream direction being taken in relation to the first direction (ω1). The invention further relates to a method of chemical-mechanical polishing using such an arrangement.
摘要:
A method of providing a dielectric material (18) having regions (18′, 18″) with a varying thickness in an IC manufacturing process is disclosed. The method comprises forming a plurality of patterns in respective regions (20′, 20″) of the dielectric material (18), each pattern increasing the susceptibility of the dielectric material (18) to a dielectric material removal step by a predefined amount and exposing the dielectric material (18) to the dielectric material removal step. In an embodiment, the IC comprises a plurality of pixilated elements (12) and a plurality of light interference elements (24), each comprising a first mirror element (16) and a second mirror element (22), a region of the dielectric material (18) separating the first mirror element (16) and the second element (22), and each being arranged over one of said pixilated elements (12), the method further comprising forming the respective first mirror elements (16) in a dielectric layer (14) over a substrate (10) comprising the plurality of pixilated elements; depositing the dielectric material over the dielectric layer; and forming the respective second mirror elements such that each second mirror element is separated from a respective first mirror element by a region of the exposed dielectric material. Hence, an IC having a layer of a dielectric material (18) comprising regions of different thicknesses can be obtained requiring only a few process steps.
摘要:
A method is disclosed of controlling a LED, comprising driving the LED with a DC current for a first time, interrupting the DC current for a second time such that the first time and the second time sum to a period, determining at least one characteristic of the LED while the DC current is interrupted, and controlling the DC current during a subsequent period in dependence on the at least one characteristic. The invention thus benefits from the simplicity of DC operation. By operating at the LED in a DC mode, rather than say in a PWM mode, the requirement to be able to adjust the duty cycle is avoided. By including interruptions to the DC current, it is possible to utilize the LED itself to act as a sensor in order to determine a characteristic of the LED. The need for additional sensors is thereby avoided.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for fabrication of in-laid metal interconnects. The method comprises the steps of providing a substrate with a dielectric material on top thereof, depositing a protection layer on top of the dielectric material, depositing a sacrificial layer on top of the protection layer, the sacrificial layer having a mechanical strength that is lower than the mechanical strength of the protection layer, making an opening) through the sacrificial layer, through the protection layer and into the dielectric material, depositing a barrier layer in the opening and on the sacrificial layer, depositing metal material on the barrier layer, the metal material filling the opening, removing portions of the metal material existing beyond the opening by means of polishing, and removing the barrier layer and the sacrificial layer in one polishing step.
摘要:
Manufacturing a damascene structure involves: forming a sacrificial layer (20) on a substrate (10) to protect an area around a recess (30) for the damascene structure, forming a barrier layer (40) in the recess, and in electrical contact with the sacrificial layer, forming the damascene structure (50) in the recess, and planarizing. During the planarizing the sacrificial layer reacts electrochemically with the barrier layer or with the damascene structure. This can alter a relative rate of removal of the damascene structure and the sacrificial layer so as to reduce dishing or protrusion of the damascene structure, and reduce copper residues, and reduce barrier corrosion. The barrier layer can be formed by ALCVD. The barrier material being one or more of WCN and TaN. The sacrificial layer can be TaN, TiN or W.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for fabrication of in-laid metal interconnects. The method comprises the steps of providing a substrate with a dielectric material (1) on top thereof, depositing a protection layer (2) on top of the dielectric material, depositing a sacrificial layer (7) on top of the protection layer, the sacrificial layer having a mechanical strength that is lower than the mechanical strength of the protection layer, making an opening (3) through the sacrificial layer, through the protection layer and into the dielectric material, depositing a barrier layer (4) in the opening and on the sacrificial layer, depositing metal material (5) on the barrier layer, the metal material filling the opening, removing portions of the metal material existing beyond the opening by means of polishing, and removing the barrier layer and the sacrificial layer in one polishing step.
摘要:
A method of estimating the junction temperature of a light emitting diode comprises driving a forward bias current through the diode, the current comprising a square wave which toggles between high and low current values (Ihigh, llow), the high current value (lhigh) comprising an LED operation current, and the low current value (ILOW) comprising a non-zero measurement current. The forward bias voltage drop (Vf) is sampled and the forward bias voltage drop (Vflow) is determined at the measurement current (ILOW)—The temperature is derived from the determined forward bias voltage drop.
摘要:
A method of estimating the output light flux of a light emitting diode, comprises applying a drive current waveform to the LED over a period of time comprising a testing period. The forward voltage across the LED is monitored during the testing period, and the output light flux is estimated as a function of changes in the forward voltage.
摘要:
Apparatus for regulating the temperature of a light emitting diode (LED). The apparatus includes a heat sink, an LED mount, and an LED mounted on the LED mount. The LED mount is configured to change shape in response to a change in temperature. The change in shape alters the position of the LED relative to the heat sink, for adjusting heat transfer between the LED and the heat sink. The LED mount may include a laminated portion such as a bi-metallic strip.