摘要:
The disclosure relates to efficient methods of controlling biological conversions while simultaneously removing and converting some of the generated products. More specifically, and, for example, the disclosure discloses electrochemical processes to remove and capture potentially toxic ammonium during anaerobic digestions and to remove and capture carboxylic acids during bioethanol production. The disclosure can, thus, be used to enhance bioproduction processes via controlling pH and/or reduction/oxidation, in combination with in situ product recovery.
摘要:
A process and a system for enhancing recovery of oil from an oil-bearing formation are provided in which water having a total dissolved solids content is filtered to remove some solids in a filter assembly, the filtered water is treated to remove some ions in a capacitive deionization assembly, and the filtered deionized water is injected into the oil-bearing formation to mobilize crude oil and enhance oil recovery from the formation.
摘要:
Apparatus and methods for collection and removal of particulate matter, including fine particulate matter, from a gas stream, comprising a unique combination of high collection efficiency and ultralow pressure drop across the filter. The apparatus and method utilize simultaneous electrostatic precipitation and membrane filtration of a particular pore size, wherein electrostatic collection and filtration occur on the same surface.
摘要:
The present invention provides a new method and apparatus/system for purifying ionic solutions, such as, for example, desalinating water, using engineered charged surfaces to sorb ions from such solutions. Surface charge is applied externally, and is synchronized with oscillatory fluid movements between substantially parallel charged plates. Ions are held in place during fluid movement in one direction (because they are held in the electrical double layer), and released for transport during fluid movement in the opposite direction by removing the applied electric field. In this way the ions, such as salt, are “ratcheted” across the charged surface from the feed side to the concentrate side. The process itself is very simple and involves only pumps, charged surfaces, and manifolds for fluid collection.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle which is capable of recycling contaminated liquid in a factory or the like swiftly and efficiently without performing incineration. In order to achieve this object, a contaminated liquid filtration system vehicle is characterized in comprising: vehicle driving unit comprising a driving engine and a driving mechanism; suction unit for aspirating the contaminated liquid within a contaminated liquid collection unit as liquid to be treated; a filtration system constituted by a charged filter device and a charged coalescer type oil water separator for filtration treating the aspirated liquid to be treated; electric power supply unit for supplying a driving power source to the filtration system; delivery unit for returning treated liquid which has been treated in the filtration system to the same or a different collection unit in the factory or the like; and control unit for controlling operations of the filtration system, wherein the charged filter device is caused to advance the filtration of impurity particles by applying a voltage between electrodes within the charged filter device using the driving power source supplied from the electric power supply unit, and the charged coalescer type oil water separator is caused to advance oil water separation by applying a voltage between electrodes within the oil water separator using the driving power source supplied from the electric power supply unit.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of purifying fluid by reverse osmosis whereby the recovery rate of the fluid processed is increased over conventional applications by incorporating methodologies to achieve the maximum recovery of a fluid stream conventionally processed by reverse osmosis. The resultant concentrate solution is subjected to additional electrolytic treatment to remove dissolved and suspended matter. It is then further processed by reverse osmosis to attain greater overall recovery than previously possible.
摘要:
A method separating for small molecules from an aqueous solution is presented. The method can be used selectively separate small molecules from a solution while leaving untargeted molecules dissolved in the solution. The method uses polymer filtration to selectively remove the small molecules from the aqueous solution. An aqueous solution containing the dissolved small molecule is contacted with a polymer which is capable of forming a complex with the small molecule. The aqueous solution is then subjected to ultrafiltration which creates a concentrated solution of the polymer-small molecule complex. The small molecule may be released from the polymer and the polymer recycled for another round of removal.
摘要:
A method of water purification including the steps of passing source water through at least one reverse osmosis unit to produce a product water and reject water, directing the product water from a reverse osmosis unit into the dilution stream of a continuous electrodeionization unit, directing the reject water from the first pass reverse osmosis unit through a softening unit to produce softening unit output water with fewer hardness elements than the reject water from the first pass reverse osmosis unit, directing the softening unit output water into a concentrate stream of the continuous electrodeionization unit, and wherein the continuous electrodeionization unit further purifies the water from the dilution stream to produce purified water.
摘要:
A portable oxidant generator for generating a chlorine or chlor-oxygen solution suitable for sterilizing contaminated drinking water, thereby providing a water disinfection system and potable water. The oxidant generator includes an electrolytic chamber and a power supply or source. The chamber holds a salt brine solution such that the solution is in contact with an anode and cathode included in the chamber. The power supply provides electrical charge that is passed between the anode and cathode through the salt brine solution. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a combination manual pump/switch is activated and injects electrolyte into the cell chamber and electrolyzes the solution. In one embodiment, as electrolysis proceeds, hydrogen gas is liberated and causes a gas pressure within the cell chamber thereby forcing the freshly generated oxidant solution from the cell. In another embodiment, as electrolysis proceeds, hydrogen gas is liberated and causes gas pressure within the sealed cell chamber which acts against a spring loaded piston thereby increasing the chamber volume to minimize pressure buildup, and to maintain the electrolyte in contact with the anode and cathode throughout the electrolysis process irrespective of the orientation of the device. When electrolysis is complete, an electric valve is actuated that allows the freshly produced oxidant to be discharged in to the drinking container to provide disinfection and render the water potable.
摘要:
A device for applying electrostatic and magnetic fields to a fluid includes an outer conduit 48 and an inner conduit 50 forming a fluid passageway 86 therebetween. The inner conduit is connected to a DC power source and the outer conduit along with electrode needles 84 in electrical communication therewith are connected to ground. A baffle 82 is positioned within the passageway to impart a spiral motion to the fluid flowing therein.