摘要:
The disclosed composition, particularly suitable for resistance switching memories based on metal ion transport, comprises a matrix material of a metal oxide/sulphide/selenide of at least two metals M1 and M2, and a metal M3 which is mobile in the matrix, wherein - the atomic ratio of M1 to M2 is within the range of 75:25 to 99.99:0.01; - the valence states of M1, M2 and M3 are all positive; - the valence state of M1 is larger than the valence state of M2; and - the valence state of M2 is equal to or larger than the valence state of M3. Most preferred is amorphous silicon dioxide with M2=AI partially replacing M1=Si atoms, containing M3=Cu. Fabrication and use of said composition, e.g. as sputtering target, are also disclosed.
摘要:
A highly purified quartz powder having a low level of naturally occurring lithium modified for cladding a fiber optic cable, said modified quartz powder having an increased total amount of lithium in solid solution in said powder, said increased total amount being in the range of more than 0.50 ppm and less than 1.00 ppm and a method of modifying an highly purified quartz powder to make the same.
摘要:
A fused silica glass article having greater resistance to damage induced by exposure to laser radiation such as laser induced wavefront distortion at deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelengths, and behaviors such as fluence dependent transmission, which are related to intrinsic defects in the glass. The improved resistance to laser damage may be achieved in some embodiments by loading the glass article with molecular hydrogen (H2) at temperatures of about 400°C or less, or 350°C or less. The combined OH and deuteroxyl (OD) concentration may be less than 10 ppm by weight. In other embodiments, the improved resistance may be achieved by providing the glass with 10 to 60 ppm deuteroxyl (OD) species by weight. In still other embodiments, improved resistance to such laser damage may be achieved by both loading the glass article with molecular hydrogen at temperatures of about 350°C or less and providing the glass with less than 10 ppm combined OH and OD, or 10 to 60 ppm OD by weight.
摘要:
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind poröse, amorphe Glaspartikel aus kontinuierlich geschäumtem Glas, die mit anorganischen Salzen oder organischen Verbindungen dotiert werden und als funktionelle Additive oder funktionelle Füllstoffe, wie Katalysatoren, Sikkative, Vulkanisationsaktivatoren, Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger oder Flammschutzmittel, in Monomeren, Präpolymeren, Polymeren und/oder Polymermischungen eingesetzt werden können, wobei diese weitere Additive oder Füllstoffe enthalten können sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser dotierten Glaspartikel.
摘要:
Methods of fabricating dimensional silica-based substrates or structures comprising a porous silicon layers are contemplated. According to one embodiment, oxygen is extracted from the atomic elemental composition of a silica glass substrate by reacting a metallic gas with the substrate in a heated inert atmosphere to form a metal-oxygen complex along a surface of the substrate. The metal-oxygen complex is removed from the surface of the silica glass substrate to yield a crystalline porous silicon surface portion and one or more additional layers are formed over the crystalline porous silicon surface portion of the silica glass substrate to yield a dimensional silica-based substrate or structure comprising the porous silicon layer. Embodiments are also contemplated where the substrate is glass-based, but is not necessarily a silica-based glass substrate. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.
摘要:
Beschrieben wird ein 3-dimensionaler Formkörper, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines 3-dimensionalen Formkörpers sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer adhäsiven Haftverbindung zwischen einem polymerhaltigen Material und einem zumindest in Teilbereichen eine anorganische poröse Gerüststruktur aufweisenden Formkörper. In allen Fällen wird die poröse Struktur des aus anorganischem Material bestehenden Formkörpers mit einem polymerhaltigen Material in Kontakt gebracht, das erwärmt wird bis das erwärmte Material mit dem Formkörper eine auf adhäsive, intermolekulare Grenzflächenwechselwirkung beruhende Fügeverbindung eingeht, bei der die porenartigen Hohlräume der porösen Struktur vollständig mit dem polymerhaltigen Material verfüllt werden, das nach Erkalten den Formkörper formstabil stabilisiert.
摘要:
1. Nanoporöse Monolithe mit hierarchischer Porenstruktur 2.1 Bei der Präparation poröser Materialien, wie den bekannten, handelsüblichen porösen Gläsern, ist man bei der Formgebung auf die Herstellung von Kugeln, Stäbe, Platten oder Granulaten beschränkt. Mit den erfindungsgemäßen nanoporöse Monolithe mit einer hierarchischen Porenstruktur wird ein neuer Weg in der Präparation poröser Materialien gegangen, der die Herstellung freier, poröser Geometrien ermöglichen soll. 2.2 Nach Vorlage der Natur besteht das hierarchisch strukturierte System aus großen Nanoporen, die in kleinere Mikroporen verzweigen. Hierbei kommt gegenüber dem Stand der Technik ein neuartiger Herstellungsprozess zum Einsatz, der eine Phasenseparation in einem Sol-Gel-Prozess beinhaltet. 2.3 Das neuartige Verfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung nanoporöser Monolithe mit flexiblen Geometrien, wie Membranen, Röhren und Kappen.
摘要:
Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed that incorporate Bragg gratings. Optical components and systems of the present invention include Bragg gratings produced by selectively hydrogenating one or more selected sections of an optical waveguide in general, and particularly optical fiber. Selective hydrogenation can be performed by selectively establishing local conditions in a first environment conducive to introducing greater quantities of hydrogen into selected sections than into non-selected sections, which are maintained in a second environment. The extent of selective hydrogenation and the hydrogen concentration difference between selected and non-selected section of the waveguide is a function of the temperature, pressure, and time of exposure established in the first and second environments.
摘要:
This invention relates generally to a method for controlling the pore size, pore size distribution and porosity of aluminum-oxide based ceramics through the choice of substituents on carboxylate-alumoxanes and aluminum-oxide nanoparticles. The method allows for the formation of intra-granular pores in the nanometer range to be created in alumina and aluminum oxide ceramic bodies. The control over pore size and pore size distribution is accomplished through the use of different chemical substituents on the carboxylate-alumoxanes and aluminum-oxide nanoparticles. The size and distribution of pores within the alumina-oxide ceramic are dependent on the identity of the carboxylate substituents. In particular the formation of intra-versus inter-granular porosity is dependent on the identity of the carboxylate substituents. The invention also provides methods for the manufacture of ceramic coatings on ceramic and carbon fibers for composite applications and ceramic membranes with nanometer sized pores. The pore size, pore size distribution and porosity, and hence the strength, permeability and surface adhesion, of the ceramic coating is controlled by the choice of substituent on the carboxylate-alumoxane. Thermolysis of self supporting spun layers of the carboxylate-alumoxanes results in disks of alumina with controlled pore size, pore size distribution and porosity. In an alternative method a porous substrate is dipped or coated with a solution of the carboxylate-alumoxane, followed by thermolysis to produce a composite membrane.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Phosphatelektrode mit einem Grundkörper (1) und einer auf dem Grundkörper zumindest bereichsweise vorgesehen ersten Beschichtung (1a), wobei der Grundkörper elementares Kobalt enthält und die erste Beschichtung (1a) ein Kobaltphosphat enthält, wobei auf dem Grundkörper und/oder der ersten Beschichtung zumindest bereichsweise eine zweite Beschichtung (1b) vorgesehen ist, wobei die zweite Beschichtung Protonen bindet und/oder Hydroxidionen freisetzt. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Phosphatkonzentration mit der Phosphatelektrode.