摘要:
A fuel cell includes at least one cell that contains a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane, which separates an anode compartment and a cathode compartment. The membrane is comprised of a thermoplastic polymer that has a permanent service temperature of at least 100° C.
摘要:
The invention relates to an ion-conductive polymer membrane for a fuel cell, whereby the polymer membrane is configured from a polymer-forming hydrocarbon material and to a method for producing the same. The membrane also has a metal-containing gel which has been hydrolysed and/or condensed from a metal alkoxide starting material and which is deposited in the polymer and/or is chemically bonded to the polymer. The proportion of metal alkoxide by weight, in relation to the membrane, lies between 25% and 1%.
摘要:
The invention relates to an ion-conductive polymer membrane for a fuel cell, whereby the polymer membrane is configured from a polymer-forming hydrocarbon material and to a method for producing the same. The membrane also has a metal-containing gel which has been hydrolysed and/or condensed from a metal alkoxide starting material and which is deposited in the polymer and/or is chemically bonded to the polymer. The proportion of metal alkoxide by weight, in relation to the membrane, lies between 25% and 1%.
摘要:
The invention relates to an ion-conductive polymer membrane for a fuel cell, whereby the polymer membrane is configured from a polymer-forming hydrocarbon material and to a method for producing the same. The membrane also has a metal-containing gel which has been hydrolysed and/or condensed from a metal alkoxide starting material and which is deposited in the polymer and/or is chemically bonded to the polymer. The proportion of metal alkoxide by weight, in relation to the membrane, lies between 25% and 1%.
摘要:
A method for producing a catalytic converter includes depositing a layer of catalytically active metallic material by electrochemical deposition on a planar substrate by immersing the substrate in an electrolyte that contains the catalytically active metallic material. A high overvoltage at which a large number of seeds of the metallic material are formed on the substrate is set for a predetermined first time period between the substrate and the opposing electrode. The overvoltage is reduced for a predetermined second time period to a value at which the seeds which are deposited in the first time period grow on the substrate.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing an MEA including a layer system, the layer system together with a plastic film located above and below it being punched out by a heated and shaped punching tool. The film-coated layer system, which is welded together only at the outer edges, is further processed by heating and pressing the marginal zones in a subsequent operation, the plastic film softening or melting in the marginal zone and penetrating the marginal regions. Thus, the marginal region in the periphery of the layer system is sealed in a gas-tight manner within seconds. The film inside the marginal zones which is no longer needed or not heated is removed by suction.
摘要:
A method and the instrument for characterization of the defects on a surface with Auger electron spectroscopy in a high vacuum environment are disclosed. Defects on the surface of a sample may be characterized with Auger electron spectroscopy in a high vacuum environment.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus for determining the material composition of a semiconductor device at an area of interest are described. An electron time-of-flight spectrometer is used within a semiconductor inspection system. The spectrometer is placed on the opposite side of an objective lens from the area of interest. In one embodiment, the electron time-of-flight spectrometer is an electron drift tube. A computing module produces an electron emission spectrum for the materials at the area of interest.
摘要:
One embodiment disclosed relates to a scanning electron beam apparatus including an objective lens, scan deflectors, de-scan deflectors, an energy-filter drift tube, and a segmented detector. The objective lens may be an immersion lens configured with a high extraction field so as to preserve azimuthal angle discrimination of the electrons scattered from the specimen surface. The de-scan deflectors may be used to compensate for the scanning of the incident electron beam. The energy-filter drift tube is configured to align the scattered electrons according to polar angles of trajectory from the specimen surface.
摘要:
This invention relates to peptide aldehyde derivatives of formula (I): D-Xaa-Pro-Arg-H, wherein Xaa represent a 2-cycloheptyl-2-hydroxyacetyl or 2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxyacetyl group, Pro represents an L-prolyl residue and Arg represents an L-arginyl residue, their acid-additon salts formed with an organic or inorganic acid and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. The compounds of formula (I) of the invention have therapeutic, particularly anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antithrombotic properties.