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    Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore
    1.
    发明授权
    Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore 有权
    因此采用多个连续的化学反应过程步骤和装置的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07575728B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-08-18

    申请号：US11457435

    申请日：2006-07-13

    申请人： Richard A. Holl ,  Eric A. Gulliver ,  James E. Doss

    发明人： Richard A. Holl ,  Eric A. Gulliver ,  James E. Doss

    IPC分类号： B01J8/04 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/18

    CPC分类号： B01F7/008 ,  B01F15/065 ,  B01J19/0093 ,  B01J19/1887 ,  B01J2219/00096 ,  B01J2219/00788 ,  B01J2219/00835 ,  B01J2219/00867 ,  B01J2219/00869 ,  B01J2219/00873 ,  B01J2219/00889 ,  C07C51/09 ,  C07C51/265 ,  C07C63/26 ,  C07C63/04

    摘要： The present disclosure provides processes and apparatus for the production of materials requiring a plurality of chemical reaction steps. In the prior art the number of reaction vessels is minimized by performing two or more reactions together in the same vessel. Instead each process is separated into separate successive steps, in each of which at least two principal components are reacted together, with or without at least one catalyst. In each step the components are reacted under optimum condition for that reaction, using motion-augmented, sub-Kolmogoroff, micro-agitation provided by a separate discrete motor-operated, micro-agitation means. Such means are much smaller in size, but are extremely flexible as to the flow rate and reaction conditions, so that they can be adjusted to suit the reaction, without compromises dictated by attempting to perform other reactions in the same vessel. Multiple micro-agitation means in parallel or in series can be used in each step to increase capacity without scale-up problems, and units can be serviced or capacity reduced without the need to close down the process. Motor-operated micro-agitation means performing a non-chemical action can be provided at any stage of the process. Between each two steps the resultant mixture is separated to give a principal component used in the subsequent step, while at least one new principal component is added in the next step.

    摘要翻译： 本公开提供了用于生产需要多个化学反应步骤的材料的方法和装置。 在现有技术中，通过在同一容器中一起进行两次以上的反应来使反应容器的数量最小化。 相反，每个过程被分离成单独的连续步骤，其中每个过程中至少两个主要组分一起反应，具有或不具有至少一种催化剂。 在每个步骤中，组分在该反应的最佳条件下反应，使用运动增强的次Kolmogoroff，通过单独的分立的电动操作的微搅拌装置提供的微搅拌。 这种方式的尺寸要小得多，但是对于流速和反应条件来说是非常灵活的，因此可以调整它们以适应反应，而不受试图在同一容器中进行其它反应所规定的折中。 可以在每个步骤中使用并联或串联的多个微搅拌装置，以增加容量而不会出现放大问题，并且可以在不需要关闭过程的情况下对单元进行维修或降低容量。 可以在该过程的任何阶段提供执行非化学作用的电动微搅拌装置。 在每两个步骤之间，分离所得混合物以产生在后续步骤中使用的主要组分，而在下一步骤中加入至少一种新的主​​要组分。

    Highly filled composites of powdered fillers and polymer matrix
    3.
    发明授权
    Highly filled composites of powdered fillers and polymer matrix 失效
    粉末填料和聚合物基体的高填充复合材料

    公开(公告)号：US06652805B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-11-25

    申请号：US09973347

    申请日：2001-10-05

    申请人： Richard A. Holl ,  Philip L. Lichtenberger ,  Kenneth S. Yao

    发明人： Richard A. Holl ,  Philip L. Lichtenberger ,  Kenneth S. Yao

    IPC分类号： B22F300

    CPC分类号： B22F3/227 ,  B01F2013/1086 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B22F1/0059 ,  B22F3/20 ,  B22F3/22 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  B29B7/401 ,  B29B7/88 ,  B29B7/90 ,  B29C47/00 ,  B29C47/0019 ,  B29C47/50 ,  B29C67/242 ,  B29C70/58 ,  B29K2021/00 ,  B29K2105/16 ,  B29K2503/04 ,  C08K3/01 ,  C22C32/0094 ,  H01L23/145 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H05K1/0306 ,  H05K1/0373 ,  H05K3/022 ,  H05K2201/0209 ,  H01L2924/00

    摘要： Highly filled composite materials, e.g. comprising approximately 60 volume % or greater of finely powdered particles of filler in a polymer matrix, are made by dissolving polymer in a volatilisable solvent, adding filler and forming a homogeneous mixture by high shear mixing. Most solvent is then removed while maintaining homogeneity in the mixture, preferably by evaporation in a high shear mill. Then, extruding a thin layer of the composite material and removing remaining solvent, as by heating. Bodies are formed from the dried layer, which are heated and pressed to melt and disperse melted polymer into the interstices between filler particles. Thereby, certain polymers unusable at low solids contents become effective bonding materials at high solids contents. Filler materials are chosen to tailor electrical and physical properties of the articles, which may comprise substrates for electronic circuits. Suitable polymers are certain polyarylene ethers soluble in cyclohexanone.

    摘要翻译： 高填充复合材料，例如 通过将聚合物溶解在可挥发的溶剂中，加入填料并通过高剪切混合形成均匀的混合物来制备聚合物基体中约60体积％或更多的细粉末填料颗粒。 然后除去大部分溶剂，同时保持混合物中的均匀性，优选通过在高剪切研磨机中蒸发。 然后，通过加热挤出复合材料的薄层并除去剩余的溶剂。 主体由干燥层形成，被加热和压制以熔化并将熔融的聚合物分散到填料颗粒之间的空隙中。 因此，在低固体含量下不能使用的某些聚合物成为高固体含量的有效粘合材料。 选择填充材料来定制物品的电气和物理性质，其可以包括用于电子电路的基底。 合适的聚合物是可溶于环己酮的某些聚亚芳基醚。

    Shell and tube heat transfer apparatus and process therefor
    4.
    发明授权
    Shell and tube heat transfer apparatus and process therefor 失效
    壳管式传热装置及其加工方法

    公开(公告)号：US4593754A

    公开(公告)日：1986-06-10

    申请号：US767254

    申请日：1985-08-21

    申请人： Richard A. Holl

    发明人： Richard A. Holl

    IPC分类号： F15D1/06 ,  F28F13/00 ,  F28F13/02 ,  F28F9/24 ,  F28F13/08

    CPC分类号： F28F13/003 ,  F15D1/06 ,  F28F13/02 ,  Y10S165/40 ,  Y10S165/907

    摘要： Shell and tube heat transfer apparatus and a corresponding process of heat transfer employ a fluid flow consisting of non-turbulent boundary-layers adjacent the inner and outer heat exchanger surfaces of the tubes and a non-turbulent core-layer between the boundary-layers and interfacing therewith. Interrupter-structures disposed within the tube and shell flow passes and interrupt the full development of the boundary-layers at a multitude of spaced spots, leaving the heat transfer surfaces unaltered, unmodified and uninterrupted, so that the boundary-layers cannot increase in thickness but will partially separate from the surfaces and mix non-turbulently with the core-layer to effect the required heat transfer between the surfaces and the fluid. The interrupter-structure preferably consists of a plurality of rows of spheres, with which the space remote from the heat exchange surface is filled with a space-filling material to prevent the useless flow of fluid in a space not effective for heat transfer. The interrupter structure may also comprise a unitary body of equivalent shape.

    摘要翻译： 壳和管传热装置和相应的传热过程采用由邻近管的内部和外部热交换器表面的非湍流边界层组成的流体流和边界层之间的非湍流核心层和 与其接口。 设置在管和壳体流中的断路器结构在多个间隔的位置处通过并中断了边界层的充分发展，使得传热表面不变，未改变和不间断，使得边界层的厚度不能增加， 将部分地从表面分离并且与芯层非紊乱地混合以实现表面和流体之间所需的热传递。 断路器结构优选地由多排球体组成，远离热交换表面的空间用空间填充材料填充，以防止在对热传递无效的空间中的无用流体流动。 断路器结构还可以包括相同形状的整体。

    Heat exchange apparatus
    5.
    发明授权
    Heat exchange apparatus 失效
    换热装置

    公开(公告)号：US08298493B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-10-30

    申请号：US12972319

    申请日：2010-12-17

    申请人： Richard A. Holl

    发明人： Richard A. Holl

    IPC分类号： F28D21/00 ,  B01J8/08

    CPC分类号： F28D11/04 ,  B01F7/008 ,  B01F15/065 ,  B01J19/247 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00189 ,  B01J2219/00243 ,  B01J2219/00247 ,  F28D2021/0022 ,  F28F13/02 ,  F28F19/00

    摘要： The heat exchange apparatus provides a flow passage for the heat exchange fluid comprising a succession of flow passage chamber portions separated from one another by intervening throttle forming passage portions of smaller cross section, and therefore of smaller flow capacity, transverse to the flow direction, so that the heat exchange fluid moves at a higher velocity in the throttle forming portions than in the chamber portions. The fluid is moved at a rate such that its velocity in the throttle forming portions is high enough to reduce the thickness of the fluid boundary layer on the passage wall and thereby facilitate the heat exchange. Alternatively, or in addition, the velocity is high enough to at least reduce the rate of fouling of the passage wall surface. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluid flows as eddy vortices, the spacing of the chamber portions along the passage being such that wake interference flow is established which enhances the rate of heat exchange. The exchanger is intended principally for use in combination with a spinning tube in tube reactor with a very small annular cross section reaction passage between them, the exchanger also being of tubular form with the stator tube constituting a wall of the heat exchanger.

    摘要翻译： 热交换装置为热交换流体提供一个流动通道，其包括一系列流动通道腔室部分，这些通道腔室部分通过横截面较小的横截面较小的节流孔形成通路部分相互间隔开，因此流动通道部分横向于流动方向 热交换流体在节气门形成部分中比在室部分中以更高的速度移动。 流体以使得其在节气门形成部分中的速度足够高以减小通道壁上的流体边界层的厚度从而促进热交换的速率移动。 或者或另外，速度足够高以至少降低通道壁表面的结垢速率。 或者或另外，流体作为涡流涡流流动，沿着通道的室部分的间隔使得建立了提高热交换速率的尾流干扰流。 交换器主要用于与管式反应器中的纺丝管组合使用，其间具有非常小的环形横截面反应通道，交换器也是管状形式，定子管构成热交换器的壁。

    Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore
    6.
    发明授权
    Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore 失效
    因此采用多个连续的化学反应过程步骤和装置的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07098360B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-08-29

    申请号：US10197093

    申请日：2002-07-16

    申请人： Richard A. Holl ,  James E. Doss ,  Eric A. Gulliver

    发明人： Richard A. Holl ,  James E. Doss ,  Eric A. Gulliver

    IPC分类号： C07C67/00 ,  C07C51/255

    CPC分类号： B01F7/008 ,  B01F15/065 ,  B01J19/0093 ,  B01J19/1887 ,  B01J2219/00096 ,  B01J2219/00788 ,  B01J2219/00835 ,  B01J2219/00867 ,  B01J2219/00869 ,  B01J2219/00873 ,  B01J2219/00889 ,  C07C51/09 ,  C07C51/265 ,  C07C63/26 ,  C07C63/04

    摘要： The invention provides processes and apparatus for the production of materials requiring a plurality of chemical reaction steps. In the prior art the number of reaction vessels is minimized by performing two or more reactions together in the same vessel. Instead each process is separated into separate successive steps, in each of which at least two principal components are reacted together, with or without at least one catalyst. In each step the components are reacted under optimum conditions for that reaction, using motion-augmented, sub-Kolmogoroff, micro-agitation provided by a separate discrete motor-operated, micro-agitation means. Such means are much smaller in size, but are extremely flexible as to the flow rate and reaction conditions, so that they can be adjusted to suit the reaction, without compromises dictated by attempting to perform other reactions in the same vessel. Multiple micro-agitation means in parallel and/or in series can be used in each step to increase capacity without scale-up problems, and units can be serviced or capacity reduced without the need to close down the process. Motor-operated micro-agitation means performing a non-chemical action can be provided at any stage of the process. Between each two steps the resultant mixture is separated to give a principal component used in the subsequent step, while at least one new principal component is added in the next step. The materials to be produced preferably comprise organic di-carboxylic acids, and more preferably dimethyl terephthalate and terephthalic acid.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于生产需要多个化学反应步骤的材料的方法和装置。 在现有技术中，通过在同一容器中一起进行两次以上的反应来使反应容器的数量最小化。 相反，每个过程被分离成单独的连续步骤，其中每个过程中至少两个主要组分一起反应，具有或不具有至少一种催化剂。 在每个步骤中，组分在该反应的最佳条件下进行反应，使用运动增强的次Kolmogoroff，通过单独的分立的电动操作的微搅拌装置提供的微搅动。 这种方式的尺寸要小得多，但是对于流速和反应条件来说是非常灵活的，因此可以调整它们以适应反应，而不受试图在同一容器中进行其它反应所规定的折中。 可以在每个步骤中使用并联和/或串联的多个微搅拌装置，以增加容量而不会出现放大问题，并且可以在不需要关闭过程的情况下对单元进行维修或降低容量。 可以在该过程的任何阶段提供执行非化学作用的电动微搅拌装置。 在每两个步骤之间，分离所得混合物以产生在后续步骤中使用的主要组分，而在下一步骤中加入至少一种新的主​​要组分。 待生产的材料优选包含有机二羧酸，更优选对苯二甲酸二甲酯和对苯二甲酸。

    Fluid handling apparatus
    8.
    发明授权
    Fluid handling apparatus 失效
    流体处理设备

    公开(公告)号：US4784218A

    公开(公告)日：1988-11-15

    申请号：US899454

    申请日：1986-08-22

    申请人： Richard A. Holl

    发明人： Richard A. Holl

    IPC分类号： F28F13/02 ,  F28F13/12 ,  F28F1/40 ,  F28F9/24

    CPC分类号： F28F13/12 ,  F28F13/02 ,  Y10S165/405

    摘要： The invention provides fluid handling apparatus which may be heat exchange apparatus or fluid reaction apparatus. The apparatus is provided with an interrupter structure for disrupting the fluid boundary layers at the walls of the apparatus and promoting mixing of the separated boundary layers with the adjacent core layers. One interrupter structure comprises a plurality of longitudinally-spaced interrupter elements mounted on a core rod, each element comprising a plurality of blade-like members each of at least approximately spherical segment profile in side elevation, the members extending mutually radially outward relative to one another to touch or nearly touch the said surface or surfaces adjacent the elements. The elements are spaced longitudinally from one another the distance required to provide wake intererence flow of the fluid, wherein the vortex upstream of one element cooperates with the vortex downstream of the next element in the fluid path. In a shell and tube type exchanger the bladed type of structure may be provided in the tubes interiors, while a spherical type of interrupter structure is provided in the shell contacting the tube exteriors.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供流体处理装置，其可以是热交换装置或流体反应装置。 该装置设置有用于破坏装置壁处的流体边界层的断流器结构，并促进分离的边界层与相邻芯层的混合。 一个断路器结构包括安装在芯棒上的多个纵向隔开的断路器元件，每个元件包括多个叶片状构件，每个叶片状构件的侧视图至少大致为球形段轮廓，该构件相对于彼此相对径向向外延伸 触摸或接近元件周围的所述表面或表面。 这些元件彼此纵向地间隔开提供流体的尾流间隔所需的距离，其中一个元件上游的涡流与流体路径中的下一个元件的下游涡流配合。 在壳管式交换器中，可以在管内部设置刀片式结构，而在与外管接触的外壳中设置球形型的断流器结构。

    Apparatus and processes for the treatment of materials by ultrasonic longitudinal pressure oscillations
    9.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and processes for the treatment of materials by ultrasonic longitudinal pressure oscillations 失效
    通过超声波纵向压力振荡处理材料的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US4071225A

    公开(公告)日：1978-01-31

    申请号：US664008

    申请日：1976-03-04

    申请人： Richard A. Holl

    发明人： Richard A. Holl

    IPC分类号： B01F1/00 ,  B01F3/08 ,  B01F3/12 ,  B01F5/10 ,  B01F11/02 ,  B01J19/10 ,  B01F13/00

    CPC分类号： B01F5/10 ,  B01F11/0241 ,  B01F11/0266 ,  B01J19/10 ,  B01F1/00 ,  B01F2003/125 ,  B01F3/0807

    摘要： Apparatus for the treatment of materials by the application thereto of ultrasonic longitudinal pressure oscillations, for example, for dispersing or emulsifying or dissolving or mixing or deagglomerating consists of an enclosure having an interior with two closely-spaced walls at least one of which is made to oscillate at ultrasonic frequencies, or otherwise impart such oscillations to the interior, for example, by ultrasonic transducers mounted on the wall exterior. The spacing between the walls is such that the longitudinal pressure oscillations produced at the oscillating wall are reflected by the other wall, preferably several times, before they are attenuated to a negligible value. Preferably, the other wall also vibrates to produce doppler effects and avoid standing waves. The distance between the inner surfaces of the two walls is normally not more than about 1 inch (2.5 cm). The material to be treated preferably is fed to the enclosure interior under pressure from a storage container and is recirculated until the operation is complete. The invention also comprises processes for the treatment of materials using such oscillations.

    摘要翻译： 用于通过应用于其的超声波纵向压力振荡（例如用于分散或乳化或溶解或混合或解聚）的材料处理材料的装置由具有两个间隔开的壁的外壳组成，其中至少一个壁被制成 以超声频率振荡，或以其他方式将这种振荡传递给内部，例如通过安装在墙外部的超声换能器。 壁之间的间距使得在摆动壁处产生的纵向压力振荡被衰减到可忽略的值之前被另一个壁反射，优选几次。 优选地，另一壁也振动以产生多普勒效应并避免驻波。 两个墙壁的内表面之间的距离通常不超过约1英寸（2.5厘米）。 要处理的材料优选地在存储容器的压力下被供给到外壳内部并且被再循环直到操作完成。 本发明还包括使用这种振荡处理材料的方法。

    SPINNING TUBE IN TUBE REACTORS AND THEIR METHODS OF OPERATION
    10.
    发明申请
    SPINNING TUBE IN TUBE REACTORS AND THEIR METHODS OF OPERATION 有权
    管式反应器中的纺丝管及其操作方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090208389A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-08-20

    申请号：US12034533

    申请日：2008-02-20

    申请人： Richard A. Holl

    发明人： Richard A. Holl

    IPC分类号： B01J8/10

    CPC分类号： B01J19/1843 ,  B01F7/008 ,  B01J2219/00189

    摘要： A spinning tube in tube reactor has the usual elongated transverse annular cross section reaction passage through which reactants pass to force reaction between them; the passage being between the rotor tube exterior surface and the stator tube interior surface. The radial dimension of the annual passage should be keep as uniform as possible so as not to cause unwanted variations in the reaction. This has proven difficult in prior constructions owing to the small radial dimension (e.g. 50-300 micrometers) and inevitable manufacturing tolerances in the bearings supporting the rotor. In apparatus of the invention the rotor is suspended within the stator passage by a flexible connection between the drive motor shaft and the rotor and uniformity is maintained by the so-called hydrodynamic effect which will become operative in such a narrow passage. Thus, if any part of the rotor surface moves radially from the central position closer to the stator surface the liquid viscosity produces a force that moves the rotor back to the central position. Preferably the flexible connection consists of two serially connected flexible connectors.

    摘要翻译： 管式反应器中的纺丝管具有通常的细长的横向环形横截面反应通道，反应物通过该反应通道迫使它们之间的反应; 该通道位于转子管外表面和定子管内表面之间。 年度通道的径向尺寸应尽可能保持均匀，以免反应产生不必要的变化。 由于小的径向尺寸（例如50-300微米）和支撑转子的轴承中的不可避免的制造公差，这在现有结构中已被证明是困难的。 在本发明的装置中，转子通过驱动电动机轴和转子之间的柔性连接悬挂在定子通道内，并且通过所谓的流体动力学效应来保持均匀性，这将在这样狭窄的通道中起作用。 因此，如果转子表面的任何部分从靠近定子表面的中心位置径向移动，则液体粘度产生使转子回到中心位置的力。 优选地，柔性连接由两个串联连接的柔性连接器组成。