Abstract:
Fine featured devices are produced by a series of fabrication steps including exposing selective surface regions to irradiation, e.g. to an ion beam, generally to result in removal of masking material within irradiated regions. In most instances, subsequent etching is under conditions such that bared material is preferentially removed. Etch-removal and irradiation are such that overgrown material is of device quality at least in etched regions. The inventive process is of particular value in the fabrication of integrated circuits, e.g. circuits performing electronic and/or optical functions. The inventive process is expediently used in the fabrication of structures having minimum feature size of 1 micrometer and smaller. Patterning is dependent upon masking material of a maximum thickness of 100 .ANG..
Abstract:
This invention relates to methods of preparing substrates that enhance the Raman signal of analytes in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The SERS-active substrate comprises an array of metal nanoparticles at least partially embedded in a template. The substrate's uniform and readily reproducible SERS-active properties with a wide range of analyte concentrations substantially enhance the power and utility of SERS. This invention also provides sensors, as well as Raman instruments, comprising the SERS-active substrates.
Abstract:
A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) system for detecting a biomolecule. The system includes a substrate, an array of nanoparticles disposed on the substrate, each being partially embedded in the substrate and having a non-embedded surface, and a linking agent disposed on the non-embedded surface of each of the nanoparticles. The array of nanoparticles has a uniform interparticle gap of 1-50 nm and the linking agent is capable of binding to the biomolecule.
Abstract:
Expedient fabrication of fine-featured integrated circuits entails aperture pattern delineation to produce a masking layer atop a semiconductor body followed by insertion within a controlled atmosphere chamber within which device-functional layered material is epitaxially grown within apertures. Critical, device-consequential properties of epitaxial material is assured by removal of a thin surface layer of material revealed during delineation. Such removal, sufficient to eliminate meaningful contamination and/or crystalline damage introduced during delineation, is of sufficiently small quantity as to be accommodated within the chamber. Under most circumstances, the controlled atmosphere is at reduced pressure as required for e.g. MOMBE epitaxial growth.
Abstract:
A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) system for detecting a biomolecule. The system includes a substrate, an array of nanoparticles disposed on the substrate, each being partially embedded in the substrate and having a non-embedded surface, and a linking agent disposed on the non-embedded surface of each of the nanoparticles. The array of nanoparticles has a uniform interparticle gap of 1-50 nm and the linking agent is capable of binding to the biomolecule.
Abstract:
An apparatus and a method of producing a dual ion/electron source. The ion beam and the electron beam are produced by a charged particle optical system. Using an ion source metal to emit an ion beam or an electron beam. The direction of the ion beam and the electron beam is identical. Neither the particle source nor the sample need to be rotated or shifted.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for engraving desired irreproducible patterns on the surface of gemstones including diamond by the use of an energetic ion beam. The pattern has a characteristic topological texture, which is irreproducible even using the same ion beam to engrave onto the same location of the same diamond.