摘要:
A lithium-ion battery anode layer, comprising an anode active material embedded in pores of a solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein (a) the pore walls contain a pristine graphene material having essentially no (less than 0.01%) non-carbon elements or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.01% to 5% by weight of non-carbon elements; (b) the anode active material is in an amount from 0.5% to 95% by weight based on the total weight of the graphene foam and the anode active material combined, and (c) some of the multiple pores are lodged with particles of the anode active material and other pores are particle-free, and the graphene foam is sufficiently elastic to accommodate volume expansion and shrinkage of the particles of the anode active material during a battery charge-discharge cycle to avoid expansion of the anode layer. Preferably, the solid graphene foam has a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cm3, a specific surface area from 50 to 2,000 m2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 1,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity.
摘要翻译:一种锂离子电池阳极层,包括嵌入由多个孔和孔壁组成的固体石墨烯泡沫的孔中的阳极活性物质,其中(a)孔壁含有基本上没有(小于0.01%)的原始石墨烯材料, 非碳元素或具有0.01重量%至5重量%的非碳元素的非原始石墨烯材料; (b)所述负极活性物质的量相对于所述石墨烯泡沫和所述负极活性物质的总重量为0.5〜95重量%,(c)所述多个孔中的一些与所述 阳极活性材料和其它孔是无颗粒的,并且石墨烯泡沫具有足够的弹性,以适应在电池充放电循环期间阳极活性材料颗粒的体积膨胀和收缩,以避免阳极层膨胀。 优选地,固体石墨烯泡沫的密度为0.01至1.7g / cm 3,比表面积为50至2,000m 2 / g,每单位比重至少为100W / mK的热导率和/或电 电导率不低于每单位比重1000 S / cm。
摘要:
A process for producing a solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores and pore walls The process comprises: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having a graphene material dispersed in a liquid medium, which contains an optional blowing agent; (b) dispensing and depositing the graphene dispersion onto a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of graphene material having a preferred orientation; (c) partially or completely removing the liquid medium from the wet layer of graphene material to form a dried layer of graphene material having a content of non-carbon elements no less than 5% by weight (including blowing agent weight); and (d) heat treating the layer of graphene material at a first heat treatment temperature from 80° C. to 3,200° C. at a desired heating rate sufficient to induce volatile gas molecules from the non-carbon elements or to activate the blowing agent for producing the graphene foam having a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cm3 or a specific surface area from 50 to 3,000 m2/g.
摘要:
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, electrolyte or an electrolyte/separator combination, and a nano-structured cathode, wherein the cathode comprises: (a) an integrated nano-structure of electrically conductive nanometer-scaled filaments that are interconnected to form a porous network of electron-conducting paths comprising pores with a size smaller than 100 nm (preferably smaller than 10 nm), wherein the filaments have a transverse dimension less than 500 nm (preferably less than 100 nm); and (b) powder or salt of lithium-containing sulfide (lithium polysulfide) disposed in the pores, or a thin coating of lithium-containing sulfide deposited on a nano-scaled filament surface wherein the lithium-containing sulfide is in contact with, dispersed in, or dissolved in electrolyte liquid and the lithium-containing sulfide-to-filament weight ratio is between 1/10 and 10/1 which is measured when the cell is in a fully discharged state. The cell exhibits an exceptionally high specific energy and a long cycle life.
摘要:
A portable power tool comprises an electric motor, actuator, or light-emitting hardware and a rechargeable power source connected to the electric motor, actuator, or light-emitting hardware, wherein the power source contains at least a surface-mediated cell (SMC). The power tools include, but are not limited to, impact driver, air compressor, alligator shear, angle grinder, band saw, belt sander, biscuit joiner, ceramic tile cutter tile saw, chainsaw, circular saw, concrete saw, cold saw, crusher, diamond blade, diamond tools, disc sander, drill, floor sander, grinding machine, heat gun, impact wrench, jackhammer, jointer, jigsaw, lathe, miter saw, nail gun, needle scaler, torque wrench, powder-actuated tools, power wrench, radial arm saw, random orbital sander, reciprocating saw, rotary reciprocating saw, rotary tool, sabre saw, sander, scroll saw, steel cut off saw, table saw, thickness planer, trimmer, wall chaser, wood router, or flashlight.
摘要:
A non-flammable quasi-solid electrolyte and a rechargeable non-lithium alkali metal cell containing this electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises an alkali metal salt dissolved in an organic liquid solvent with a concentration higher than 2.5 M (preferably >3.5 M) or a molecular ratio greater than 0.2 (preferably >0.3), wherein the alkali metal is selected from Na, K, a combination of Na and K, or a combination of Na and/or K with Li. The alkali metal salt concentration is sufficiently high so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure
摘要:
The present invention provides a process for producing a graphene-enhanced anode active material for use in a lithium battery. The process comprises (a) providing a continuous film of a graphene material into a deposition zone; (b) introducing vapor or atoms of a precursor anode active material into the deposition zone, allowing the vapor or atoms to deposit onto a surface of the graphene material film to form a sheet of an anode active material-coated graphene material; and (c) mechanically breaking this sheet into multiple pieces of anode active material-coated graphene; wherein the graphene material is in an amount of from 0.1% to 99.5% by weight and the anode active material is in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, all based on the total weight of the graphene material and the anode active material combined.
摘要:
The present invention provides a cathode (positive electrode) of a lithium battery and a process for producing this cathode. The electrode comprises a cathode active material-coated graphene sheet and the graphene sheet has two opposed parallel surfaces, wherein at least 50% area (preferably >80%) of one of the two surfaces is coated with a cathode active material coating. The graphene material is in an amount of from 0.1% to 99.5% by weight and the cathode active material is in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight (preferably >80% and more preferably >90%), all based on the total weight of the graphene material and the cathode active material combined. The cathode active material is preferably an inorganic material, an organic or polymeric material, a metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide, or a combination thereof. The invention also provides a lithium battery, including a lithium-ion, lithium-metal, or lithium-sulfur battery.
摘要:
An impregnated fiber tow comprising multiple unitary graphene-based continuous graphitic fibers impregnated with a matrix material, wherein at least one of the continuous graphitic fibers comprises at least 90% by weight of graphene planes that are chemically bonded with one another having an inter-planar spacing d002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.4 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and an oxygen content less than 5% by weight, wherein the graphene planes are parallel to one another and parallel to a fiber axis direction and the graphitic fiber contains no core-shell structure, has no helically arranged graphene domains or domain boundary, and has a porosity level less than 5% by volume.
摘要:
A separator-electrolyte layer product for use in a lithium battery, comprising: (a) a porous thin-film separator selected from a porous polymer film, a porous mat, fabric, or paper made of polymer or glass fibers, or a combination thereof, wherein the separator has a thickness less than 500 μm; and (b) a non-flammable quasi-solid electrolyte containing a lithium salt dissolved in a liquid solvent up to a concentration no less than 3 M; wherein the porous thin-film separator is coated with the quasi-solid electrolyte so that the layer product exhibits a vapor pressure less than 0.01 kPa when measured at 20° C., a vapor pressure less than 60% of the vapor pressure of the liquid solvent alone, a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than a flash point of the first liquid solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no detectable flash point.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of producing a hybrid nano-filament composition for use in a lithium battery electrode. The method comprises: (a) providing an aggregate of nanometer-scaled, electrically conductive filaments that are substantially interconnected, intersected, physically contacted, or chemically bonded to form a porous network of electrically conductive filaments, wherein the filaments comprise electro-spun nano-fibers that have a diameter less than 500 nm (preferably less than 100 nm); and (b) depositing micron- or nanometer-scaled coating onto a surface of the electro-spun nano-fibers, wherein the coating comprises an electro-active material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions and the coating has a thickness less than 10 μm (preferably less than 1 μm). The same method can be followed to produce an anode or a cathode. The battery featuring an anode or cathode made with this method exhibits an exceptionally high specific capacity, an excellent reversible capacity, and a long cycle life.