摘要:
In a combustor for supplying combustion heat to a heater core and an intake side of an engine, when the engine is started, combustion gas is supplied to an intake side of the engine while non-combustion air is introduced into a combustion gas passage partitioned from a water passage of the heater core by a heat-conduction partition member. In this case, non-combustion air is used as an air curtain for interrupting a heat transmission from the combustion gas of the combustion gas passage to water of the water passage.
摘要:
A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine includes an intake manifold having branch pipes connected to one side of a cylinder head and curved to allow the intake manifold to extend to directly above a cylinder-head cover, and intake-side spark plugs and fuel injectors which are incorporated in the cylinder head. The spark plugs are disposed outside a valve train chamber on a side of the valve train chamber where curved portions of the branch pipes are disposed, and the fuel injectors and ignition coils provided above the spark plugs are disposed between the valve train chamber and the curved portions in a direction normal to axes of the cylinders as viewed from a direction in which cylinders are arranged. The ignition coils are disposed so as not to overlap the branch pipes as viewed from a direction in which the ignition coils are attached to the cylinder head.
摘要:
A photothermographic material affording a sufficient image density under general image producing conditions and capable of suppressing the time-dependent tint of the white background after the development processing is provided. Such photothermographic material contains in elsewhere on one side of a support at least one species of photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, a reducing agent for reducing silver ion and a binder, in which the reducing agent comprises a combination of at least one species of o-polyphenol compound and at least one species of hindered phenol.
摘要:
An ultrasonic motor has a vibrating body polarized in a given direction. The vibrating body comprises a first piezoelectric body and a second piezoelectric body laminated to the first piezoelectric body in a preselected direction generally parallel to the polarized direction. Each of the first piezoelectric body and the second piezoelectric body has a first polarized portion and a second polarized portion. The first polarized portion of the first piezoelectric body is aligned in the preselected direction with the second polarized portion of the second piezoelectric body. The second polarized portion of the first piezoelectric body is aligned in the preselected direction with the first polarized portion of the second piezoelectric body. A movable member is frictionally driven by a combination of a stretching vibration and a bending vibration generated by applying a driving signal to the first polarized portions of the first and second piezoelectric bodies or to the second polarized portions of the first and second piezoelectric bodies.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine having a combustion heater is constructed to prevent a thermal damage to the structure of an intake system due to combustion heat emitted from the combustion heater. The engine includes the combustion heater operating at a cold time. Cooling water is warmed by heat of combustion gas emitted from the combustion heater when in combustion, thereby speeding up a warm-up of the engine and enhancing a performance of a car room heater of a vehicle mounted with the engine. In the thus constructed internal combustion engine having the combustion heater, fresh air entering an intake air passageway of the engine is mixed with the combustion gas of the combustion heater, whereby the fresh air becomes a combustion gas mixed intake air toward an engine body. A temperature of the combustion gas mixed intake air is obtained, and a combustion state of the combustion heater is controlled based on this temperature.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine having a combustion heater is capable of surely effecting an ignition of the combustion heater. In the engine having the vaporization type combustion heater operated at a cold time to raise a temperature of engine cooling water, the combustion heater has a glow plug for forming a latent flame by igniting a combustion fuel, a combustion camber for growing the latent flame formed by the glow plug into flames, an air supply pipe for supplying the combustion chamber with the air for combustion, a combustion gas discharge pipe for discharging the combustion gas from the combustion chamber, and a communicating passageway for connecting the air supply passageway to the combustion gas discharge pipe. A valve means provided in the communicating passageway controls the connecting passageway so as to open and close. The communicating passageway opens when the glow plug start the ignition in the vaporization type combustion heater, whereby the air flows directly between the air supply pipe and the combustion gas discharge pipe.
摘要:
An engine having in an exhaust system a lean NOx catalyst for purifying nitrogen oxide in an oxygen excessive exhaust gas by using a reducing agent, includes an intake air quantity decreasing device for decreasing a quantity of intake air flowing through an intake system when the nitrogen oxide needs to be purified by the lean NOx catalyst, and a combustion heater provided separately from the internal combustion engine also serves as a CO2 adding device for adding carbon dioxide to the intake air when a flowing quantity in the intake system decreases by operating the intake air quantity decreasing device. With this arrangement the reducing agent such as hydro carbon and the like can be supplied even when eliminating an auxiliary injection hitherto needed in the internal combustion engine having the lean NOx catalyst.
摘要:
An ultrasonic motor has a vibrating member vibrationally driven for undergoing periodic vibration by the application of a high-frequency voltage. A moving body is frictionally driven by the periodic vibration of the vibrating member. A node supporting/pressurizing member supports a vibration node of the vibrating member and presses the vibrating member on the moving body.
摘要:
In the compression-ignition internal combustion engine having the combustion heater for introducing combustion gas into a mainstream pipe constituting the intake system of the engine, a fuel injection timing by a injector of the engine is advanced as an output of the combustion heater is increased.
摘要:
An ultrasonic motor has a piezoelectric element driven by application of a voltage thereto to undergo expansion and contraction. A vibrating body is vibrationally driven by the expansion and contraction movement of the piezoelectric element to thereby produce standing waves. A moving body is frictionally driven by the standing waves of the vibrating body. Power transmission projections apply a frictional force to the moving body to thereby frictionally drive the moving body in accordance with the standing waves. The power transmission projections are disposed only every preselected number of wavelengths at intermediate positions between loops and nodes of the standing waves, the preselected number being a natural number.