Abstract:
Deflecting ribs are provided within a coolant jacket formed in a cylinder head in such a manner as to protrude upwardly from bottom walls for directing the flow of coolant toward exhaust-valve-port side port wall portions The deflecting ribs for deflecting part of the flow of coolant toward the exhaust-valve-port side port wall portions are formed in such a manner as to extend from the intake-valve-port side port wall portions, and gaps are left between the exhaust-valve-port side port wall portions and the deflecting ribs for allowing the coolant to flow along the wall surfaces of the exhaust-valve-port side port wall portions, whereby there is generated no stagnation of the coolant on the wall surfaces of the exhaust-valve-port side port wall portions at the portions where the gaps are formed.
Abstract:
A valve operating device for use in an internal combustion engine for varying operating characteristics of a pair of engine valves (20) in multi-stages depending upon operating conditions of the engine. A cam shaft (31) is provided with a high-speed cam (32), a pair of medium-speed cams disposed on opposite sides of the high-speed cam (32), and a pair of low-speed cams (34) disposed between the medium-speed cams (33) and the high-speed cam (32). A rocker shaft (35) is provided with a first free rocker arm (36) in sliding contact with the high-speed cam (32), a pair of driving rocker arms (37) operatively connected to the pair of engine valves (20), respectively, and in sliding contact with the low-speed cams (34), and a pair of second free rocker arms (38) disposed with the driving rocker arms (37) interposed between the second free rocker arms (38) and the first free rocker arm (36) to be in sliding contact with the medium-speed cams (33). First and second connection switching means (39, 40) are provided and separately switchable between states for selectively connecting the various rocker arms for operating the driving rocker arms (37) and engine valves (20) in low-speed, medium-speed and high-speed operating ranges of the engine.
Abstract:
An SOHC-type engine in which first and second insertion/removal guide sections for guiding the insertion and removal of first and second spark plugs, respectively, are provided on a cylinder head including an intake valve and the first spark plug disposed therein and arranged along an axis of a camshaft, and an exhaust valve and the second spark plug disposed therein and arranged along the axis of the camshaft.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the production of maleic anhydride, which comprises: reacting a hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst; recovering maleic anhydride from the reaction gas; recovering unreacted hydrocarbon from the remaining gas; and returning the hydrocarbon thus recovered to the reactor for re-use, wherein said reaction is effected under the conditions such that the hydrocarbon concentration X (vol %) and oxygen concentration Y (vol) in all the gases to be fed into the reactor, the hydrocarbon conversion Z (t) in the reactor and the oxygen concentration W (vol %) in all the effluent gases from the reactor satisfy the following relationships: Y≧20, X+Y≦70, 1≦Y/X≦5, and 20(Y−10)/X≦Z≦25Y/X or 2≦W≦10.
Abstract:
The object of the present invention is to facilitate an appropriate oil supply to the tensioner without a complex apparatus. A valve chamber 3A is formed in a cylinder head 3 which is connected to a cylinder block 2. An opening 23—for discharging the oil in the valve chamber 3A into a chain case 6 which is placed on the side of the cylinder block 2—is formed on a chain case mounting surface 20. Inside the chain case 6 on the chain case mounting surface 20 of the cylinder block 2 are placed a timing chain 15 and a tensioner 30 for applying tension to the timing chain 15. An oil dropping rib 24 for guiding the oil discharged through the opening 23 to the tensioner 30 is provided on the chain case mounting surface 20.
Abstract:
An engine cylinder head in which a water jacket and an EGR passage are formed therein, the EGR passage opening into an exhaust passage at one end and opening into a side of an intake side at the other end thereof, the engine cylinder being characterized in that the EGR passage is provided outwardly in a cylinder arrangement direction of head bolt pass-through holes formed in one end of the engine cylinder head in the cylinder arrangement direction. Thus, because the EGR passage can be made much longer, the cooling capacity for re-circulating gas can be improved. Moreover, because the EGR passage can be provided without head bolts being spaced apart from the combustion chamber, the surface pressure around combustion chambers in the cylinder head relative to a cylinder block can be prevented from being lowered.
Abstract:
In an internal combustion engine with cylinders and a crankshaft, coolant discharged from a coolant circulating pump is supplied to a coolant jacket formed in a cylinder block via a coolant jacket formed in a cylinder head. An inlet port through which the coolant discharged from the coolant circulating pump flows into the coolant jacket is provided at one end portion of the cylinder head on an intake side thereof in a cylinder-head center line direction, whereas an outlet port through which the coolant in the coolant jacket is allowed to flow out into a heater core is provided at the other end portion of the cylinder head on an exhaust side thereof.
Abstract:
A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine includes an intake manifold having branch pipes connected to one side of a cylinder head and curved to allow the intake manifold to extend to directly above a cylinder-head cover, and intake-side spark plugs and fuel injectors which are incorporated in the cylinder head. The spark plugs are disposed outside a valve train chamber on a side of the valve train chamber where curved portions of the branch pipes are disposed, and the fuel injectors and ignition coils provided above the spark plugs are disposed between the valve train chamber and the curved portions in a direction normal to axes of the cylinders as viewed from a direction in which cylinders are arranged. The ignition coils are disposed so as not to overlap the branch pipes as viewed from a direction in which the ignition coils are attached to the cylinder head.
Abstract:
An SOHC-type engine in which first and second insertion/removal guide sections for guiding the insertion and removal of first and second spark plugs, respectively, are provided on a cylinder head including an intake valve and the first spark plug disposed therein and arranged along an axis of a camshaft, and an exhaust valve and the second spark plug disposed therein and arranged along the axis of the camshaft.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the preparation of maleic anhydride which comprises subjecting an aliphatic hydrocarbon having four or more carbon atoms to gas phase oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, wherein supposing that the function of reaction product gas composition is FL and the function of temperature and pressure of reaction product gas is FR, the safety index F satisfies the following relationship (1): F=FL−FR>0 (1) According to the present invention, it is possible that the loss of unreacted hydrocarbon and maleic anhydride as reaction product due to non-catalytic oxidation reaction is prevented while effecting the reaction in a stable manner, whereby the yield of maleic anhydride can be kept maximum while assuring safety.