摘要:
As synthesized by previous methods, ZSM-5 or ZSM-11 zeolites are crystallized in the presence of substantial amounts of a nitrogen-containing compound. When synthesized in this way, they contain an organic ammonium cation as well as a metal cation such as sodium. To obtain a more active form, the sodium ion must be exchanged out. Such exchange, especially with ZSM-5 and ZSM-11, is difficult unless there is calcination of the zeolite to remove the obstructing organo compounds. By making these zeolites in the presence of (1) seeds of the desired zeolite, (2) mixtures of them with ammonium hydroxide and/or alcohol, (3) the alcohol per se or (4) mixtures of the alcohol with ammonium hydroxide, a product substantially deficient in organic ammonium cation is obtained. These products can be exchanged directly without any calcination.
摘要:
A process for converting hydrocarbons with stabilized crystalline aluminosilicate catalysts. The catalysts contain zinc, and are stabilized by adding thereto another metal of Group IB or Group VIII (e.g. copper or nickel). Germanium, rhenium and the rare earth metals may also be added.
摘要:
A crystalline zeolite, designated ZSM-34, having the composition as synthesized and in anhydrous form, expressed as mole ratios of oxides as follows:(0.5-1.3)R.sub.2 O : (0-0.15)Na.sub.2 0 : (0.10-0.50)K.sub.2 O : Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : XSiO.sub.2where R is the organic nitrogen-containing cation, [(CH.sub.3).sub.3 NCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH], derived from choline, and X is 8 to 50, said zeolite having an X-ray diffraction pattern, identifying it as a member of the offretite-erionite family and the ability, after calcination at 1000.degree. F for at least a period of time to remove the organic cation, to sorb at least 9.5 weight percent of n-hexane at ambient temperature and a n-hexane pressure of 20 mm. Organic compound conversion is carried out in the presence of a catalytically-active form of said zeolite.
摘要:
Catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of crystalline zeolite ZSM-38, or a thermal decomposition product thereof, is provided. Zeolite ZSM-38 has a composition, in the anhydrous state, expressed in terms of mole ratios of oxides as follows:(0.3-2.5)R.sub.2 O:(0-0.8)M.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(x)SiO.sub.2wherein R is an organic cation, especially an organic nitrogen-containing cation, M is an alkali metal cation and x is greater than 8, and is characterized by a specified X-ray powder diffraction pattern.
摘要:
The disclosure concerns the demetalation and desulfurization of metal and sulfur containing petroleum oils, preferably those containing residua hydrocarbon components, through the use of a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component composited on a refractory base, preferably an alumina, whose pores are substantially distributed over a narrow 100A to 200A diameter range, but also having at least about 5% of its pores of a diameter greater than 500A.
摘要:
Liquid product rich in benzene, toluene and xylene and having a substantially lower mid-boiling point than heavy reformate feedstock or similar feedstock, such as, for example, from pyrolysis gasoline, of a class having an initial boiling point between about 230.degree. F and about 250.degree. F and an end point between about 350.degree. F and about 430.degree. F, and gaseous product rich in light olefins and isoparaffins which is good alkylation plant feed are produced by contacting said heavy reformate feedstock or said similar feedstock with a porous acid-active zeolite catalyst having a fluid activity index of at least about 18 in a fluidized catalyst system absent added hydrogen at a temperature of from about 800.degree. F to about 1200.degree. F, a catalyst/oil (i.e. heavy reformate or similar feedstock) weight ratio of from about 0.5 to about 40 and a catalyst residence time of from about 0.1 second to about 20 seconds.
摘要:
A refinery process is described for converting desalted full range crude oils and syncrudes derived from coal, shale and tar sands. The process involves mixing and reacting the full range heavy oil feed with a low molecular weight carbon-hydrogen fragment contributor such as methanol or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins in the presence of a fluid zeolite cracking catalyst comprising mordenite.
摘要:
A process for increasing gasoline octane number and/or total gasoline yield in catalytic cracking units by the addition of a very small amount of finely divided shape selective additive promoter, which additive promoter is not intimately combined with a substantial amount of another solid prior to contact with the cracking catalyst. The additive promoter is a zeolite characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 500 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12.
摘要:
Metal poisoning of hydrodesulfurization catalysts is reduced by coating the catalyst surface with a hydrated clay mineral, hydrated alumina, hydrated silica, or mixtures thereof. The catalyst and process in which it is used are particularly useful for the desulfurization of residual oils to produce low-sulfur, fuel oil products.
摘要:
A new crystalline zeolite, designated "ZSM-25", a method of making the zeolite and using the zeolite in catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons, is the subject of this application. The new zeolite has a composition in the anhydrous state expressed in terms of mole ratios of oxides as follows:(0.01-0.4)R.sub.2 O:(0.9.+-.0.2)M.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : (6-10)SiO.sub.2wherein R is an organic nitrogen-containing cation such as tetraethylammonium ions and M is an alkali metal cation such as sodium and is characterized by a specified X-ray powder diffraction pattern.