摘要:
An optical switch disposed in intermediate positions of optical paths to define a channel of a light signal constitutes a cell member in whose interior cells are formed and a waveguide member having fine slits; and a gas is filled in cells of which side walls are formed by piezoelectric/electrostrictive elements or antiferroelectric elements, a liquid is filled in the fine slits, and the cells and the fine slits are communicated to each other via a communicating hole; optical waveguides intersect at the fine slits, and the cells are disposed at the crossing locations, and said side walls are expanded/constricted by applying an electric field to the piezoelectric/electrostrictive elements or antiferroelectric elements which form the side walls of the cells, and a part of the gas stored in each cell is ejected at a corresponding intersection area from said communicating hole into the corresponding fine slit.
摘要:
Disclosed is a screen mask for screen printing including a positive pattern section and a negative pattern section with a mask material (emulsion film) formed on the negative pattern section, for transferring a printing ink to a substrate via openings of a mesh disposed at the positive pattern section, wherein a plating layer is selectively formed on the mesh of the negative pattern section so that the negative pattern section has a mesh opening ratio which is smaller than an opening ratio of the positive pattern section, and a width of a gap, which is formed on the substrate by the negative pattern section, is made to be not more than 40 &mgr;m.
摘要:
An ink jet print head is disclosed which includes a flow path unit with nozzles, a pressure generating unit disposed on the flow path unit and having ink pressure chambers formed behind the respective nozzles, and piezoelectric/electrostrictive elements each disposed on a wall defining a corresponding ink pressure chamber, for deforming the wall to change a pressure of the ink pressure chamber, whereby the ink in the ink pressure chamber is jetted through the corresponding nozzle. The pressure generating unit includes a spacer plate having windows which closed by a closure plate and a connecting plate disposed on the spacer plate, so as to give the respective ink pressure chambers. The connecting plate has communication holes through which the ink pressure chambers communicate with the nozzles. The spacer plate, closure plate and connecting plate are formed from respective ceramic green sheets, which are laminated on each other and fired into an integral ceramic structure as the pressure generating unit. The piezoelectric/electrostrictive element includes a pair of electrodes and a piezoelectric/electrostrictive layer, which are formed by a film-forming method on an outer surface of the closure plate.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an actuator including an ink pump section made by forming a spacer plate with a plurality of window portions formed therein, a closure plate stacked on one side of the spacer plate for covering the window portions and a connection plate stacked on the other side of the spacer plate for covering the above window portions. These plates are formed as laminated ceramic green sheets that are later fired to form an integrated body. A piezoelectric/electrostrictive operating section composed of electrodes and a piezoelectric/electrostrictive layer is then formed on the outer surface of the closure plate. Thereafter, the actuator is pasted to a holding adhesive film and the holding adhesive film is stripped from the actuator after subjecting the actuator to a given inspection, if necessary, or to cutting into a given shape, if necessary. Subsequently, the actuator is heat-treated. Then, onto this actuator, an ink nozzle member with a plurality of nozzle holes is stacked and joined. The ink jet print head has a strong adhesive joint between the actuator and the ink nozzle member and improved liquid resistance.
摘要:
In a roller seam welding machine, the upper welding roller is led through a welding-force adjustment device with two spring elements. One spring is already effective when the initial deflection of the welding roller occurs. The other spring comes into operation only when a certain deflection (D) is reached. A marked improvement in weld quality can be obtained in this way, particularly at the start of the weld seam.
摘要:
A washing apparatus includes a washing bath in which articles to be cleaned are washed. The washing bath contains a detergent of a kind containing a nonion surface active agent and a terpene-based solvent as principal components thereof. The articles to be cleaned are, after having been washed in the washing bath, immersed in a rinsing bath containing a rinsing water. The rinsing bath is provided with a recirculating passage extending from a portion of the rinsing bath back to another portion of the rinsing bath, a precision filter disposed on the recirculating passage and having a micro-porous membrane having an average pore size not smaller than 0.01 .mu.m, but not greater than 0.2 .mu.m, and an adsorbent filter containing a mass of activated carbon for substantially purifying the rinsing water which has been passed through the precision filter. The articles to be cleaned are first washed with the detergent of the specified kind and then rinsed within the rinsing bath. The rinsing water used for the articles is, after having been filtered through the micro-porous membrane, substantially purified by the adsorbent filter containing a mass of activated carbon.
摘要:
A process for forming a film on a ceramic substrate or on a fired film formed thereon includes coating, on a ceramic substrate or on a fired film formed thereon, a material which becomes a metallic film or a ceramic film upon firing, to form an as-coated film, irradiating the as-coated film with an energy beam which does not damage the ceramic substrate or the fired film formed thereon to such an extent that it becomes useless and which can decompose and remove the as-coated film, to trim the unrequired portion(s) of the as-coated film, and firing the trimmed as-coated film to form a desired film. The film can be formed on a ceramic substrate or on a fired film formed thereon while the damage to the substrate or the fired film is minimized.
摘要:
A molded cushioning article is made by stuffing a bulky, tape-form nonwoven web such as sliver in a mold cavity and thereafter heat-treating the thus-formed molded form to fusion-bond intersecting points of fibers. Stuffing of the tape-form nonwoven web is effected by laying and superposing it in to-and-fro movements on a molding surface of a mold permeable to air with a space on a backside of the molding surface being kept under reduced pressure. The apparatus used has (a) means for feeding the tape-form nonwoven web into the mold, (b) a mold permeable to air, (c) a mold-supporting frame, (d) suction means for keeping the backside space under reduced pressure, (e) leans for successively changing a positional correlation between means (a) and the molding surface, and (f) heat-treating means for fibers to be fusion-bonded.
摘要:
Can barrels of uniform diameter produced from a can barrel forming device by forming a square-shaped blank into a tubular shape with opposite edges joined linearly, are conveyed successively coaxially in spaced relation at a first speed with the joined areas of the can barrels directed upwardly. Then the can barrels are conveyed at a second speed slower than the first speed such that the open edges of the can barrels are coaxially spaced closely with small gaps left therebetween. Paint is continuously applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the joined areas while the can barrels are being conveyed at the second speed with the open edges of the can barrels being closely spaced by the small gaps.
摘要:
An iron powder developer carrier for electrophotography having at least the outer surface thereof coated with iron oxide. The iron oxide has a particle size of 50 to 200.mu., an apparent density of 1.5 to 2.5 g/cm.sup.3 and a specific surface area of 0.01 to 0.3 m.sup.2 /g.A process for the preparation of iron powder developer carriers for electrophotography, which comprises the steps of subjecting a starting iron powder to a primary calcination treatment in an inert gas atmosphere without using a binder, pulverizing and classifying said calcination product to prepare an intermediate iron powder, reducing the intermediate iron powder in a reducing atmosphere and washing the intermediate iron powder, and subjecting the intermediate iron powder to an oxidizing calcination treatment.
摘要翻译:一种用于电子照相的铁粉显影剂载体,至少其外表面涂覆有氧化铁。 氧化铁的粒径为50〜200μm,表观密度为1.5〜2.5g / cm 3,比表面积为0.01〜0.3m2 / g。 一种制备用于电子照相的铁粉显影剂载体的方法,其包括以下步骤:在惰性气体气氛中对起始铁粉进行初步煅烧处理,而不使用粘合剂,粉碎和分级所述煅烧产物以制备中间体铁粉 在还原气氛中还原中间体铁粉并洗涤中间体铁粉,并对中间体铁粉进行氧化煅烧处理。