摘要:
A touch-sensitive system, and apparatus, and method of operation of the apparatus, are provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a light source module configured to emit light; and a deformable waveguide coupled to the light source module and configured to transmit the light or a deflected version of the light at a situs at which pressure external to the deformable waveguide is applied. The deformable waveguide may also be illuminated by the light. The apparatus may also include one or more sensors configured to detect information indicative of the light or the deflected version of the light at the situs, and output a signal in response to the detected information.
摘要:
Methods of obtaining sequence information about target oligonucleotides by repetitive single molecule hybridization are disclosed. The methods include exposing a target oligonucleotide to one or more copies of a test oligonucleotide; measuring hybridization; dehybridizing the test oligonucleotide; and repeating until the information content from the hybridization trials equals or exceeds the information content of the target oligonucleotide.
摘要:
A process for forming nanostructures comprises generating charged nanoparticles with an electrospray system in a vacuum chamber and introduction of the charged nanoparticles to a region proximate to a charge pattern, so that the particles adhere to the charge pattern in order to form the feature. Two- or three-dimensional nanostructures may be formed by rapidly creating a charge pattern of nanoscale dimensions on a substrate using a normal electron beam or a microcolumn electron beam, generating high purity nanoscale or molecular size scale building blocks of a first type that image the charge pattern using the electrospray system, and then optionally sintering the building blocks to form the feature.
摘要:
A two-phase electrophoretic medium comprises a continuous phase and a discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase comprises a plurality of droplets, each of which comprises a suspending fluid and at least one particle disposed within the suspending fluid and capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field to the electrophoretic medium. The continuous phase surrounds and encapsulates the discontinuous phase. To reduce the humidity sensitivity of the medium, a non-ionizable or crystalline polymer may be used as the continuous phase.
摘要:
This invention generally relates to nucleic acid synthesis, in particular DNA synthesis. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of long nucleic acid molecules with precise user control over sequence content. This invention also relates to the prevention and/or removal of errors within nucleic acid molecules.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are novel electrophoretic displays and materials useful in fabricating such displays. In particular, novel encapsulated displays are disclosed. Particles encapsulated therein are dispersed within a suspending, or electrophoretic, fluid. This fluid may be a mixture of two or more fluids or may be a single fluid. The displays may further comprise particles dispersed in a suspending fluid, wherein the particles contain a liquid. In either case, the suspending fluid may have a density or refractive index substantially matched to that of the particles dispersed therein. Finally, also disclosed herein are electro-osmotic displays. These displays comprise at least one capsule containing either a cellulosic or gel-like internal phase and a liquid phase, or containing two or more immiscible fluids. Application of electric fields to any of the electrophoretic displays described herein affects an optical property of the display.
摘要:
Methods and devices are provided for preparing a protein array having a plurality of proteins. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a plurality of nucleic acids each having a predefined sequence and expressing in vitro a plurality of proteins from the plurality of nucleic acids. In another embodiment, protein arrays having a solid surface and a microvolume are also provided. The solid surface can have a plurality of anchor oligonucleotides capable of hybridizing with a plurality of nucleic acids. The microvolume can cover each of the plurality of anchor oligonucleotides and can be configured to produce a polypeptide from each of the plurality of nucleic acids.
摘要:
Methods and devices are provided for manipulating droplets on a support using surface tension properties, moving the droplets along a predetermined path and merging two droplets together enabling a number of chemical reactions. Disclosed are methods for controlling the droplets volumes. Disclosed are methods and devices for synthesizing at least one oligonucleotide having a predefined sequence. Disclosed are methods and devices for synthesizing and/or assembling at least one polynucleotide product having a predefined sequence from a plurality of different oligonucleotides having a predefined sequence. In exemplary embodiments, the methods involve synthesis and/or amplification of different oligonucleotides immobilized on a solid support, release of synthesized/amplified oligonucleotides in solution to form droplets, recognition and removal of error-containing oligonucleotides, moving or combining two droplets to allow hybridization and/or ligation between two different oligonucleotides, and further chain extension reaction following hybridization and/or ligation to hierarchically generate desired length of polynucleotide products.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus relate to reduction of sequence errors generated during synthesis of nucleic acids on a microarray chip. The error reduction can include synthesis of complementary stands (to template strands), using a short universal primer complementary to the template strands and polymerase. Heteroduplex can be formed be melting and re-annealing complementary stands and template strands. The heteroduplexes containing a mismatch can be recognized and cleaved by a mismatch endonuclease. The mismatch-containing cleaved heteroduplexes can be removed from the microarray chip using a global buffer exchange. The error free synthetic nucleic acids generated therefrom can be used for a variety of applications, including synthesis of biofuels and value-added pharmaceutical products.
摘要:
In a method for creating polymer arrays through photoelectrochemically modulated acid/base/radical generation for combinatorial synthesis, electrochemical synthesis is guided by a spatially modulated light source striking a semiconductor in an electrolyte solution. A substrate having at its surface at least one photoelectrode that is proximate to at least one molecule bearing at least one chemical functional group is provided, along with a reagent-generating chemistry co-localized with the chemical functional group and capable of generating reagents when subjected to a potential above a threshold. An input potential is then applied to the photoelectrode that exceeds the threshold in the presence of light and that does not exceed the threshold in the absence of light, causing the transfer of electrons to or from the substrate, and creating a patterned substrate. The process is repeated until a polymer array of desired size is created.