摘要:
The present invention relates to systems, apparatuses, and methods for providing a reliable, high purity source of CO2 that is used in the recovery of formation deposits, such as fossil fuels. At least a portion of the fossil fuels recovered may be directly combusted or extracted using the same process used to provide the pure source of CO2 without the need to first remove CO2, sulfur, other fossil fuels, or other impurities.
摘要:
Hydrogen (H2) gas and crude carbon dioxide (CO2) gas are separated from a gaseous mixture thereof. Combustible gas(es) in the crude CO2 gas are combusted to produce heat, at least a portion of which is recovered by indirect heat exchange with at least a portion of the separated H2 gas or a gas derived therefrom. The invention may be integrated with coal-fired power stations to reduce or eliminate emission of harmful components into the atmosphere.
摘要:
Heavy hydrocarbons are upgraded more efficiently to lighter, more valuable, hydrocarbons with lower amounts of solid carbonaceous by-products in supercritical water using two heating stages, the first stage at a temperature up to about 775K and the second stage at a temperature from about 870K to about 1075K. The temperature is preferably raised from the first temperature to the second temperature by internal combustion using oxygen.
摘要:
Hydrogen is liquefied by a process comprising pre-cooling hydrogen feed gas by indirect heat exchange against pressurized liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) to produce pre-cooled hydrogen feed gas and pressurized natural gas, further cooling at least a portion of said pre-cooled hydrogen feed gas by indirect heat exchange against at least one refrigerant to produce condensable hydrogen gas and expanding at least a portion of said condensable hydrogen gas to produce at least partially condensed hydrogen. One advantage of such a process is that the power consumed during liquefaction is significantly less than that consumed in existing hydrogen liquefaction processes which pre-cool hydrogen feed gas by indirect heat exchange against other refrigerants, e.g. liquid nitrogen.
摘要:
SO2 and/or NOx are removed from gaseous CO2 at elevated pressure(s) in the presence of molecular oxygen and water and, when SO2 is to be removed, NOx, to convert SO2 to sulfuric acid and/or NOx to nitric acid. The sulfuric acid and/or nitric acid is/are then removed from the gaseous carbon dioxide to produce SO2-free, NOx-lean carbon dioxide gas. The invention has particular application in the removal of SO2 and/or NOx from carbon dioxide flue gas produced in an oxyfuel combustion process, for example, in a pulverized coal fired power station.
摘要翻译:在分子氧和水的存在下,在升高的压力下从气态CO 2 2中除去SO 2和/或NO x x, 当要除去SO 2的情况下,将SO 2 SO 2转化为硫酸和/或NO 2 x N 2 >硝酸。 然后从气态二氧化碳中除去硫酸和/或硝酸以产生无SO 2,无水二氧化碳气体。 本发明特别适用于在氧燃料燃烧过程中产生的二氧化碳烟道气中除去SO 2和/或NO x 2,例如在粉煤燃烧 发电厂。
摘要:
A first contaminant selected from oxygen and carbon monoxide is removed from impure liquid carbon dioxide using a mass transfer separation column system which is reboiled by indirect heat exchange against crude carbon dioxide fluid, the impure liquid carbon dioxide having a greater concentration of carbon dioxide than the crude carbon dioxide fluid. The invention has particular application in the recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gas generated in an oxyfuel combustion process or waste gas from a hydrogen PSA process. Advantages include reducing the level of the first contaminant to not more than 1000 ppm.
摘要:
The invention provides an improvement in the utilization of hydrocarbon feedstock by partial oxidation with oxygen to form a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and subjecting the synthesis gas to a conversion process comprising an exothermic reaction. The oxygen is provided by air separation in which the feed air is at least partially compressed by work generated by expansion of a working fluid vaporized by indirect heat exchange with at least one of the synthesis gas and the exothermic reaction. The improvement is that the working fluid is preheated by indirect heat exchange with adiabatically compressed feed air, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the process and reducing capital costs compared with conventional generally isothermal feed air compression. Preferably, the gas conversion process is a catalytic hydrogenation to prepare paraffinic hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch reaction), methanol or dimethylether.
摘要:
A method for the recovery of oxygen from air in which a high-temperature ion transport membrane system is integrated with combustion turbine system. Coproduction of oxygen and electric power is achieved in an alternative embodiment by integrating a combined cycle power generation system with an ion transport membrane system. The design performance of the gas turbine in the combined cycle system is maintained by controlled water injection into the membrane non-permeate stream, all or a portion of which optionally is introduced into the gas turbine combustor. Water can be introduced directly into the combustor air inlet. Alternatively, makeup air is added to the membrane feed to maintain the performance of the gas turbine. NOx formation is reduced by introducing the oxygen-depleted non-permeate from the membrane system to the gas turbine combustor.
摘要:
A combustor apparatus is provided, comprising a mixing arrangement for mixing a carbonaceous fuel with enriched oxygen and a working fluid to form a fuel mixture. A combustion chamber is at least partially defined by a porous perimetric transpiration member, at least partially surrounded by a pressure containment member. The combustion chamber has longitudinally spaced apart inlet and outlet portions. The fuel mixture is received by the inlet portion for combustion within the combustion chamber at a combustion temperature to form a combustion product. The combustion chamber further directs the combustion product longitudinally toward the outlet portion. The porous transpiration member is configured to substantially uniformly direct a transpiration substance laterally therethrough, about the perimeter thereof defining the combustion chamber and longitudinally between the inlet and outlet portions, toward the combustion chamber for buffering interaction between the combustion product and the porous transpiration member. Associated systems are also provided.
摘要:
A first contaminant selected from oxygen and carbon monoxide is removed from impure liquid carbon dioxide using a mass transfer separation column system which is reboiled by indirect heat exchange against crude carbon dioxide fluid, the impure liquid carbon dioxide having a greater concentration of carbon dioxide than the crude carbon dioxide fluid. The invention has particular application in the recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gas generated in an oxyfuel combustion process or waste gas from a hydrogen PSA process. Advantages include reducing the level of the first contaminant to not more than 1000 ppm.