公开(公告)号：US5358549A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-25

申请号：US033846

申请日：1993-03-19

申请人： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

发明人： Christopher J. Nagel ,  Robert D. Bach

IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D101/08 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/40 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C22B5/00 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B7/04 ,  C22B60/00

CPC分类号： C22B7/04 ,  A62D3/32 ,  B09C1/06 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B7/001 ,  A62D2101/08 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/40 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y10S423/12

摘要： An environmentally sound process is described for the remediation of waste materials that allows the separation, recovery and decontamination of metals. The method includes chemically reducing essentially all of a reducible toxic and potentially hazardous metal-containing component of a waste composition. The waste is directed into a molten metal bath, including a first reducing agent which, under the operating conditions of the molten metal bath, chemically reduces a metal of the metal-containing component to form a dissolved intermediate. A second reducing agent is directed into the molten metal bath. The second reducing agent, under the operations of the molten metal bath, chemically reduces the metal of the dissolved intermediate. The rate at which the second reducing agent is directed into the molten metal bath, relative to the rate at which the component of the waste is directed into the molten metal bath, is sufficient to cause essentially all metal-containing intermediate formed to dissolve in the molten metal bath, thereby indirectly chemically reducing the component of the waste. This indirect reduction technology can remediate a variety of materials, including ash metal-contaminated municipal waste, vitreous slag-like materials and spent metal catalysts, while allowing the recovery of remediable metals.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种无害环境的过程，用于修复允许金属分离，回收和去污的废料。 该方法包括化学还原废物组合物中所有可还原的有毒和潜在危险的含金属成分。 将废物引入熔融金属浴中，包括第一还原剂，其在熔融金属浴的操作条件下化学还原含金属组分的金属以形成溶解的中间体。 将第二还原剂引入熔融金属浴中。 第二种还原剂在熔融金属浴的作用下化学还原溶解的中间体的金属。 将第二还原剂引入熔融金属浴中的速率相对于废物的成分被引入熔融金属浴的速度足以使基本上所有形成的含金属中间体溶解在 熔融金属浴，从而间接地化学还原废物的成分。 这种间接还原技术可以补救各种材料，包括灰渣金属污染的城市废物，玻璃状炉渣样物料和废金属催化剂，同时允许回收可补救金属。

公开(公告)号：US5298233A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-29

申请号：US963306

申请日：1992-10-16

申请人： Christopher J. Nagel

发明人： Christopher J. Nagel

IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/38 ,  A62D101/04 ,  A62D101/06 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/40 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B01J21/16 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/86 ,  B01J23/889 ,  B01J35/12 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C10J3/57 ,  F23G5/08 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C01B5/00

CPC分类号： A62D3/32 ,  C10J3/57 ,  F23G5/085 ,  A62D2101/04 ,  A62D2101/06 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2101/40 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/1269 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10S423/12

摘要： A method and a system for catalytically converting a hydrogen component in a hydrogen- and carbon-containing feed to dissolved hydrogen and for oxidizing the dissolved hydrogen to water is disclosed. Hydrogen- and carbon-containing feed, such as municipal garbage, low grade fuel oil and organic or inorganic sludge, is introduced to a molten bath system. The molten bath system includes first and second immiscible molten metal phases. Carbon and hydrogen component in the feed are converted to dissolved carbon and dissolved hydrogen, respectively. The dissolved carbon is oxidized in the first molten metal phase to carbon monoxide, which then migrates out of the first molten metal phase. As dissolved hydrogen accumulates in the first molten metal phase, it nucleates and migrates to the second molten metal phase, where it is oxidized and forms water vapor.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将含氢和碳的进料中的氢组分催化转化为溶解氢并将溶解的氢氧化成水的方法和系统。 将含有氢和碳的进料，如城市垃圾，低级燃料油和有机或无机污泥引入到熔浴系统中。 熔浴系统包括第一和第二不混溶的熔融金属相。 进料中的碳和氢分别分别转化为溶解的碳和溶解的氢。 溶解的碳在第一熔融金属相中被氧化成一氧化碳，然后迁移出第一熔融金属相。 当溶解的氢气积聚在第一熔融金属相中时，其成核并迁移到第二熔融金属相，在其中被氧化并形成水蒸气。

公开(公告)号：US4755628A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-05

申请号：US623489

申请日：1984-06-22

申请人： Edward C. Adams

发明人： Edward C. Adams

IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/36 ,  A62D101/22 ,  C10G19/067 ,  C10G29/04 ,  C07C1/20 ,  C10G17/00

CPC分类号： C10G29/04 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/36 ,  C10G19/067 ,  A62D2101/22

摘要： A process for dehalogenating halogenated hydrocarbons is disclosed wherein after vacuum dewatering of the hydrocarbon it is admixed in a reaction vessel with a dispersion of sodium of particle sizes of 10 microns or less, heated above 97.7.degree. C. to liquify the sodium and the atmosphere above the admixture is converted to argon gas. Thereafter the admixture may be saturated with hydrogen by dissolution to facilitate the reaction. The reaction products are cooled, and the dehalogenated hydrocarbon is removed after filtration.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种脱卤卤代烃的方法，其中在真空脱水烃之后，将其与反应容器中的粒径为10微米或更小的钠分散体混合，加热到97.7℃以上以使钠和大气液化 将混合物转化成氩气。 此后，混合物可以通过溶解而用氢饱和以促进反应。 将反应产物冷却，过滤后除去脱卤烃。

公开(公告)号：US4666696A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-19

申请号：US717932

申请日：1985-03-29

申请人： Clifford G. Shultz

发明人： Clifford G. Shultz

IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D101/02 ,  A62D101/04 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/26 ,  A62D101/28 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/46 ,  B01D47/02 ,  C01D3/00 ,  C02F1/70

CPC分类号： A62D3/32 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/46 ,  A62D2101/02 ,  A62D2101/04 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2101/26 ,  A62D2101/28 ,  Y10S210/906 ,  Y10S210/909 ,  Y10S423/12

摘要： Cholinesterase inhibiting agents such as nerve gas agents and pesticide agents are destroyed by reaction with molten aluminum and the gaseous products are analyzed and recycled if they are not essentially free of such agents.

摘要翻译： 胆碱酯酶抑制剂如神经气体药剂和杀虫剂通过与熔融铝的反应而被破坏，并且如果它们基本上不含这种试剂，就分析和回收气态产物。

公开(公告)号：US4497782A

公开(公告)日：1985-02-05

申请号：US570853

申请日：1984-01-16

申请人： Samuel G. Howell ,  William R. Birchall

发明人： Samuel G. Howell ,  William R. Birchall

IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/34 ,  A62D3/36 ,  A62D3/38 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/26 ,  A62D101/28 ,  C01D3/00

CPC分类号： A62D3/32 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  Y10S423/12

摘要： A method for destroying toxic organic chemical products. The method is particularly adapted for the destruction of polyhalogenated polyphenyls, especially polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The toxic organic chemical product is intimately contacted and reacted with a molten mixture of an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal nitrate, so that it is converted to harmless products which, in the case of PCBs, include a halide salt, at least one carbon oxide, and water. By incorporating a substantial excess of nitrate in the mixture most of the salt is caused to precipitate and to settle out to the bottom for easy removal.

摘要翻译： 一种破坏有毒有机化学品的方法。 该方法特别适用于多卤代多苯基，特别是多氯联苯（PCBs）的破坏。 有毒有机化学产品紧密接触并与碱金属氢氧化物和碱金属硝酸盐的熔融混合物反应，从而转化为无害的产物，其在PCB的情况下包括卤化物盐，至少一种碳 氧化物和水。 通过将大量过量的硝酸盐掺入混合物中，使大部分盐沉淀并沉淀到底部以便于除去。

公开(公告)号：US09283418B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-15

申请号：US13900548

申请日：2013-05-23

申请人： AVANTech, Inc.

发明人： Dennis A. Brunsell ,  Charles E. Jensen ,  Larry E. Beets

IPC分类号： B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/68 ,  G21F9/00 ,  A62D3/38 ,  C02F1/72 ,  G21F9/12 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F101/00 ,  C02F103/34 ,  A62D3/30 ,  G21F9/28 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  C02F1/78 ,  G21F9/30

CPC分类号： A62D3/38 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/30 ,  A62D3/32 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/38 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F1/78 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2103/34 ,  C02F2209/001 ,  C02F2209/006 ,  C02F2209/02 ,  C02F2209/04 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  G21F9/04 ,  G21F9/12 ,  G21F9/125 ,  G21F9/28 ,  G21F9/30

摘要： One aspect of the invention provides a system for treating wastestream, particularly a liquid or aqueous radwaste, for safe disposal and, in final processing, converting it into one or both forms including an aqueous form for safe discharge to the environment and a solidified form for safe disposal. Another aspect provides the capacity to employ a step where a specific target element strategy can be set up synchronizing sorbent substance choices and multiple recycle options to remove target substances from wastestream as a part of its Sorption or Powder Sorbent Isotopic Reduction step (II). Other steps cooperate with Sorption step (II) including Oxidation (I) to inactivate or destroy existing chelants, Solid-Liquid separation (III), and Selective Ion Exchange (IV) to deliver the wastestream to final processing. Still further aspects of the invention address the recovery and safe handling of substances such as C-14.

摘要翻译： 本发明的一个方面提供了一种用于处理废物流，特别是液体或含水废水的系统，用于安全处置，并且在最终处理中将其转化为包括用于安全排放到环境中的水形式的一种或两种形式，并且固化形式用于 安全处置。 另一方面提供了采用步骤的能力，其中可以设置特定的目标元素策略来同步吸附剂物质选择和多个再循环选项，以作为其吸附或粉末吸附剂同位素还原步骤（II）的一部分从废物流中除去目标物质。 其他步骤与吸附步骤（II）配合，包括氧化（I）灭活或破坏现有螯合剂，固液分离（III）和选择性离子交换（IV），以将废物流输送至最终加工。 本发明的另外的方面涉及物质如C-14的回收和安全处理。

公开(公告)号：US08354567B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-15

申请号：US12362107

申请日：2009-01-29

申请人： David Donald Leavitt ,  Robert Dale Delano

发明人： David Donald Leavitt ,  Robert Dale Delano

IPC分类号： G21F9/00 ,  A62D3/30 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D3/34 ,  A62D3/35 ,  A62D3/36 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D3/38

CPC分类号： G21F9/125 ,  G21F9/08 ,  G21F9/10 ,  G21F9/12

摘要： Described are method of treating a radioactive organic waste stream comprising: (a) mixing a radioactive organic waste stream comprising organic compounds and radionuclides with phosphoric acid to form a reaction mixture; (b) heating the reaction mixture to a desired temperature in the presence of an oxidant to oxidize organic compounds present in the waste stream, and removing oxidized organic compounds from the reaction mixture; (c) optionally, adding a reducing agent to the reaction mixture to form insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds comprising one or more of the radionuclides, and separating the insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds from the reaction mixture; (d) optionally, adding a fluorine compound to the reaction mixture to react with uranium that may be present in the reaction mixture to form uranium hexafluoride, and removing uranium hexafluoride from the reaction mixture; (e) adding ammonia to the reaction mixture to neutralize phosphoric acid and to form ammonium phosphate complexes comprising one or more of the radionuclides, and separating the ammonium phosphate complexes from the reaction mixture to yield an ammonium phosphate liquor, wherein the method includes performing at least one of steps (c) and (d).

摘要翻译： 描述了处理放射性有机废物流的方法，包括：（a）将包含有机化合物和放射性核素的放射性有机废物流与磷酸混合以形成反应混合物; （b）在氧化剂存在下将反应混合物加热至所需温度以氧化存在于废物流中的有机化合物，并从反应混合物中除去氧化的有机化合物; （c）任选地，向所述反应混合物中加入还原剂以形成包含一种或多种所述放射性核素的不溶性放射性金属磷酸盐化合物，并将所述不溶性放射性金属磷酸盐化合物与所述反应混合物分离; （d）任选地，向反应混合物中加入氟化合物与可能存在于反应混合物中的铀反应形成六氟化铀，并从反应混合物中除去六氟化铀; （e）向反应混合物中加入氨以中和磷酸并形成包含一种或多种放射性核素的磷酸铵络合物，并从反应混合物中分离出磷酸铵络合物以产生磷酸铵液体，其中该方法包括在 步骤（c）和（d）中的至少一个。

公开(公告)号：US08227655B2

公开(公告)日：2012-07-24

申请号：US13277280

申请日：2011-10-20

申请人： Ching-Tsuen Huang ,  Ching-Tu Chang

发明人： Ching-Tsuen Huang ,  Ching-Tu Chang

IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/36

CPC分类号： G21F9/16

摘要： The present invention discloses a method for solidifying and stabilizing waste acid including steps of condensing waste acid containing phosphoric acid to reduce the volume; mixing the condensed waste acid with waste acid containing fluoroboric acid to solidify and stabilize the mixed waste acid. The pH of the mixed acid is adjusted by adding barium hydroxide as a neutralizer. The efficiency of solidifying waste acid can be improved by partially granulating and by adding solidifying agent indirectly. The method of the present invention can prevent intensely exothermic reaction caused by adding solidifying agents. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is controlled in a temperature of 30 to 45° C. to improve the polymerization of the mixed waste acid so that the efficiency of solidification thereof can be also improved.

摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种固化和稳定废酸的方法，包括冷凝含有磷酸的废酸降低体积的步骤; 将浓缩的废酸与含有氟硼酸的废酸混合，使混合废酸固化并稳定。 通过加入氢氧化钡作为中和剂来调节混合酸的pH。 通过部分造粒和间接加入固化剂可以提高固化废酸的效率。 本发明的方法可以防止由加入凝固剂引起的强烈的放热反应。 此外，将本发明的方法控制在30至45℃的温度下，以改善混合废酸的聚合，从而也可提高其固化效率。

公开(公告)号：US20110144408A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-16

申请号：US12737617

申请日：2009-07-28

申请人： Philippe Gruber ,  Oliver Pinet ,  Helene Rabiller ,  Roger Boen ,  Nicolas Bousquet ,  Jean-Luc Dussossdy ,  Jacques Lacombe

发明人： Philippe Gruber ,  Oliver Pinet ,  Helene Rabiller ,  Roger Boen ,  Nicolas Bousquet ,  Jean-Luc Dussossdy ,  Jacques Lacombe

IPC分类号： A62D3/32 ,  G21F9/16

CPC分类号： C03B5/005 ,  B09B3/005 ,  C03B5/06 ,  Y02P40/52

摘要： Process for confinement of waste containing at least one chemical species to be confined, by in-can vitrification in a hot metal can into which waste and a vitrification additive are added, the waste and the vitrification additive are melted to obtain a glass melt which is then cooled, characterised in that at least one oxidising agent is also added into the metal can and in that the concentration of oxidising agent(s) expressed as oxide(s) in the glass melt is between 0.1 and 20% by mass, preferably 4 and 20% by mass, even more preferably 5 and 15% by mass, and even more preferably 10 and 13% by mass of the glass melt mass.

摘要翻译： 将含有至少一种要限制的化学物质的废物约束的方法，通过在热金属罐中的罐内玻璃化，添加有废物和玻璃化添加剂的废物和玻璃化添加剂被熔化以获得玻璃熔体， 然后冷却，其特征在于，金属罐中还加入至少一种氧化剂，并且玻璃熔体中以氧化物表示的氧化剂的浓度为0.1〜20质量％，优选为4 ，20质量％，进一步优选为5质量％，15质量％，进一步优选为10质量％〜13质量％。

公开(公告)号：US20050165268A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-28

申请号：US10511878

申请日：2003-04-23

申请人： Lorrie Hunt ,  Jim McKinley ,  Rod McElroy

发明人： Lorrie Hunt ,  Jim McKinley ,  Rod McElroy

IPC分类号： A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/13 ,  A62D101/22 ,  B01D11/02 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/02 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C10G21/00 ,  C10G32/00 ,  F28D1/00

CPC分类号： A62D3/13 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2203/02 ,  B09C1/02 ,  C10G15/08 ,  C10G19/067 ,  C10G21/00 ,  C10G31/06 ,  C10G32/00 ,  C10G2300/201 ,  Y10S588/90

摘要： The invention consists of a method for treating polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated media by: a) combining the media with a fluid containing one or more liquid hydrocarbons to form a media/fluid mixture; b) sonicating the mixture at audio frequency to extract PCB from the media into the fluid; and c) treating the fluid with sodium-containing alkali metal. The method may include additional steps to reduce the size of the media. Alternatively, the fluid can be decanted from the media after sonication and treated separately with sodium-containing alkali metal.

摘要翻译： 本发明包括通过以下步骤处理多氯联苯（PCB）污染介质的方法：a）将介质与含有一种或多种液态烃的流体组合以形成介质/流体混合物; b）以音频声音混合混合物，将PCB从介质中提取到液体中; 和c）用含钠碱金属处理流体。 该方法可以包括减少介质尺寸的附加步骤。 或者，可以在超声处理之后从介质中倾析流体，并用含钠碱金属分开处理。