Abstract:
The present invention concerns a method of optical measurement of an aqueous stream, and of processing the results of the measurement in order to determine the anionic charge of the stream, the method being carried out by measuring the light absorption of the stream and predicting the amount of anionic groups in the stream using a mathematical processing, such as mathematical calculations. Particularly, the method includes the steps of adding an amount of a cationic dye to the aqueous stream, measuring the light absorption spectra of the obtained dye-containing stream, and processing the obtained light absorption spectrum using said mathematical processing in order to obtain the anionic charge. The invention also concerns the use of the obtained spectrum in determining the turbidity of the stream, as well as a device suitable for use in carrying out the method.
Abstract:
Disclosed are improved integrated computational elements for use in optical computing devices. One integrated computational element includes an optical substrate, first and second pluralities of optical thin film layers alternatingly deposited on the optical substrate to form a thin film stack, wherein each optical thin film layer of the first plurality exhibits a first refractive index and each optical thin film layer of the second plurality exhibits a second refractive index different than the first refractive index, and at least one additional optical thin film layer arranged in or on the thin film stack and in optical communication with at least one of the optical thin film layers of the first and second pluralities, the at least one additional optical thin film layer exhibiting a third refractive index that is different than the first and second refractive indices.
Abstract:
In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, illumination is directed to the medium and corresponding radiation from the medium is collected. Spectral energy changes associated with fragment(s)/feature(s) obtained from the collected radiation are determined using collision computing. Such spectral energy changes generally represent analyte concentration. The collection of radiation and/or illumination is controlled either to target a particular volume of the medium or such that the spectral energy changes become directionally monotonic with respect to analyte concentration, or both. The collection parameters include: duration of collection, location and/or a size of a collection spot on the medium surface, and angle of a collector relative to the medium surface. The illuminated and/or collection spots may be treated to improve accuracy of analyte measurement.
Abstract:
In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, illumination is directed to the medium and corresponding radiation from the medium is collected. Spectral energy changes associated with fragment(s)/feature(s) obtained from the collected radiation are determined using collision computing. Such spectral energy changes generally represent analyte concentration. The collection of radiation and/or illumination is controlled either to target a particular volume of the medium or such that the spectral energy changes become directionally monotonic with respect to analyte concentration, or both. The collection parameters include: duration of collection, location and/or a size of a collection spot on the medium surface, and angle of a collector relative to the medium surface. The illuminated and/or collection spots may be treated to improve accuracy of analyte measurement.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the spectrophotometric determination of the concentration of multiple substances, preferably bilirubin, haemoglobin and lipids, in a sample of body fluid.
Abstract:
A synthetic projection system determines analyte concentration, such as blood glucose concentration, from a spectral-energy change associated with an uncharacterized instance of a medium in which the analyte is likely present. The projection system is factory calibrated for different instances of the medium, without needing instance-specific training or calibration. The projection system includes a set of projector curves, each relating spectral-energy change values obtained by analyzing reference medium samples to analyte concentrations in those samples. Each projector curve also corresponds to a respective range of energy-change gradients, determined using a group of surrogate media characterized according to analyte concentrations measured using a reference system. A spectral-energy-change gradient for the uncharacterized medium may be computed to select one of the projectors curves. Analyte concentration in the uncharacterized medium can be reliably computed at a specified high level of accuracy using the spectral-energy change associated therewith and the selected curve.
Abstract:
A synthesizer synthesizes Zyotons, waveforms that without a collision can travel substantially unperturbed in a propagation medium over a specified distance, for extracting via collision computing properties of interest of signals, such as the occurrence/absence of events and presence or concentrations of substances such as blood glucose, toxic chemicals, etc., obtained from high noise/clutter environments. The Zyotons are synthesized using base waveform families/generator functions unrelated to the signal environment. The Zyotons and corresponding carrier kernels include component(s) adapted to correspond to a signal property of interest and other component(s) adapted to correspond to other properties, such as noise and clutter. The number of each type of component(s) may be determined using a representative signal obtained from the environment that is optionally transformed via derivitization, addition of noise and/or another representative signal, etc. A base waveform family/generator function can be selected according to the representative signal morphology.
Abstract:
A collision-computing system detects and amplifies the energy associated with a feature signal to determine occurrences or absence of events, such as ultrasonic and/or geophysical events, or to determine presence and/or concentrations of substances such as blood glucose, toxic chemicals, etc., in a noisy, high-clutter environment or sample. To this end, a conditioned feature, obtained by modulating a carrier kernel with a feature signal, is collided with a Zyoton—a waveform that without a collision can travel substantially unperturbed in a propagation medium over a specified distance. The conditioned feature and the Zyoton are particularly constructed to be co-dependent in terms of their respective dispersion velocities and the divergence of a waveform resulting from the collision. The collision operation can transfer at least a portion of the feature energy to the resulting waveform, and the transferred energy can be amplified in successive collisions for detecting/measuring events/substances.
Abstract:
Background composition concentration data representative of an actual background composition of a sample gas can be used to model absorption spectroscopy measurement data obtained for a gas sample and to correct an analysis of the absorption spectroscopy data (e.g. for structural interference and collisional broadening) based on the modeling.
Abstract:
In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to glucose or the other analytes, are derived from one or more features by modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify a property of the analyte e.g., energy absorbed by glucose in tissue from radiation directed to the skin. A gradient of several values of the amplified property, each value corresponding to a particular radiation pattern according to a spectroscopic tomographic sequence, is used to select a suitable projector curve, with which a representative amplified value is projected to an accurate estimate of the concentration of glucose or the other analytes, without needing personalized calibration.