摘要:
The present invention provides an information update count managing method, including: a write step of writing pieces of information in a predetermined order in an information storage area including at least one WORD of a non-volatile memory, wherein information can be written to the non-volatile memory in a unit of WORDs, each WORD including a plurality of bits, and information can be erased from the non-volatile memory in a unit of sectors, each sector including a plurality of WORDS; and a read step of reading out the last piece of information which has been written in the information storage area within a predetermined permitted update count.
摘要:
In an information recording medium for recording and reproducing data thereon on a sector-by-sector basis, the recorded data being managed as at least one file by using a file structure, the file structure includes unused space management information for identifying a used region and an unused region. At least one defective region is registered as an unused region in the unused space management information, the at least one defective region being a region on the information recording medium which is incapable of proper reproduction of the recorded data.
摘要:
An information recording medium includes a data recording area for recording data; a first drive information area for recording first drive information; and a second drive information area for recording second drive information. The first drive information and the second drive information each include a plurality of recording and reproduction conditions, and the plurality of recording and reproduction conditions each define an operation condition of an information recording and reproduction apparatus, which can have the information recording medium mounted thereon, for recording and reproducing the data. The plurality of recording and reproduction conditions are arranged in the order of time at which the plurality of recording and reproduction conditions are recorded.
摘要:
An information recording medium includes a data recording area for recording data; a first drive information area for recording first drive information: and a second drive information area for recording second drive information. The first drive information and the second drive information each include a plurality of recording and reproduction conditions, and the plurality of recording and reproduction conditions each define an operation condition of an information recording and reproduction apparatus, which can have the information recording medium mounted thereon, for recording and reproducing the data. The plurality of recording and reproduction conditions are arranged in the order of time at which the plurality of recording and reproduction conditions are recorded.
摘要:
Different formats, whose defect management methods differ based on the presence or absence of a cartridge, are adopted for information storage media having the same physical characteristics. An information processing apparatus is capable of mounting a storage medium having a data recording area. The data recording area includes a user area to which logical addresses are allocated in accordance with recording units. The information processing apparatus includes: a determination section for, based on physical characteristics of the mounted storage medium, determining which one of a first storage medium accommodated in a cartridge and a second storage medium not accommodated in a cartridge has been mounted; a processor for, based on a result of determination, giving an instruction that, when the second storage medium has been mounted, the data recording area be formed as the user area and a spare area, and giving an instruction that, when the first storage medium has been mounted, all area of the data recording area be formed as the user area; and a recording section for, based on the instruction, forming the user area and/or the spare area in the data recording area of the mount storage medium. The spare area is to be used as a substitute if a defect exists in a recording unit of the user area.
摘要:
Disclosed in a semiconductor laser device for use in a system or apparatus utilizing light for information transmission in optical communication or the like, in which lattice defects or the like are prevented from occurring in the vicinity of a light-emitting active area to thereby reduce a leakage current which substantially makes no contribution to light emission. In order to realize the above semiconductor laser device, a wide gap area for preventing a leakage current is formed to be flat or formed to be spatially apart from the active area.
摘要:
A plasma processing apparatus which is effective for surface processing uses a reactive gas activated by plasma excited by microwave energy. Generation and maintaining of the plasma excited by the microwave energy are different where pressure in the gas chamber is above 0.1 Torr. Generating a high density plasma and maintaining the plasma includes the use of a protrudent window which extends into the activating chamber which also operates as a cavity resonator. Oxidation of resist formed on the surface of VLSI may be provided and damage by charge particles prevented by use of a magnetic field.
摘要:
In a cluster ion beam irradiation apparatus including an apparatus for measuring size and energy distribution of gas cluster ions by using the time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, a unit for applying a retarding voltage is disposed in a stage preceding a TOF measuring instrument including a drift tube and a current measuring instrument. By measuring the size and energy distribution of the gas cluster ions and adjusting ionization conditions, cluster ions having predetermined energy and size are supplied to a work surface. In addition, a product of a pressure in an ion transportation device and an ion transportation length is controlled so as to satisfy the relation P×L≦30/N2/3/E1/2 Pa·m, where N is the size of gas cluster ions used for irradiation, and E is kinetic energy (eV) of the gas cluster ions.
摘要翻译:在包括用于通过使用飞行时间(TOF)质谱法测量气体簇离子的尺寸和能量分布的装置的集束离子束照射装置中,在TOF测量仪器之前的阶段中设置用于施加延迟电压的单元,包括 漂移管和电流测量仪器。 通过测量气体团簇离子的尺寸和能量分布并调节电离条件,将具有预定能量和尺寸的簇离子供应到工作表面。 此外,控制离子输送装置中的压力和离子输送长度的乘积,以满足关系式PxL <= 30 / N 2/3 / E 1/2 Pa.m,其中N是用于照射的气体簇离子的大小,E是气体簇离子的动能(eV)。
摘要:
A video-on-demand system divides compressed image data of a video program into image data sections with a predetermined length and stores them in one of a series of storage media in order of reproduction, returning to a first storage medium in the series after reaching a final storage medium in the series, along a story of the video program. The image data sections stored in the storage media are read by time sharing and the original images are reproduced and displayed.
摘要:
A switch including a breaker, the size and cost of which can be reduced is provided, the switch including a breaker having a structure such that a mechanical switch for turning an electric circuit on/off includes a breaker for interrupting the electric circuit. Moveable contacts arranged to approach and move apart from fixed contacts are elastically urged in a direction where the moveable contacts move apart from the fixed contacts. When the breaker is set, the moveable contacts are located apart from the fixed contacts in such a manner that a short distance is maintained. By switching the mechanical switch on, a solenoid is operated to bring the moveable contacts into contact with the fixed contacts. When the breaker is operated, the elastic urging force is suspended to move the moveable contacts apart from the fixed contacts for a distance longer than a distance for which the moveable contacts are located apart from the fixed contacts when the mechanical switch is switched off.