公开(公告)号：US07961313B2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-14

申请号：US12189652

申请日：2008-08-11

申请人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： G01J3/30

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  G01N29/2418

摘要： A system and method are disclosed for generating a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source may emit a beam to a target substance coated on a detector that measures acoustic waves generated as a result of a light beam being absorbed by the target substance. By emitting a chopped/pulsed light beam to the target substance on the detector, it may be possible to determine the target's optical absorbance as the wavelength of light is changed. Rejection may decrease the intensity of the acoustic waves on the detector while absorption may increase the intensity. Accordingly, an identifying spectrum of the target may be made with the intensity variation of the detector as a function of illuminating wavelength.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于在具有降低的噪声的开放或封闭环境中产生光声谱的系统和方法。 源可以向涂覆在检测器上的目标物质发射光束，其测量由于光束被目标物质吸收的结果而产生的声波。 通过向检测器上的目标物质发射切碎/脉冲光束，可以随着光的波长变化来确定目标的光吸收。 抑制可以降低检测器上的声波的强度，而吸收可能增加强度。 因此，可以利用检测器的强度变化作为照明波长的函数来进行目标的识别光谱。

公开(公告)号：US07924423B2

公开(公告)日：2011-04-12

申请号：US12189663

申请日：2008-08-11

申请人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： Charles W. Van Neste ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/1702 ,  G01N29/2418 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2291/0427

摘要： A system and method are disclosed for generating a reversed photoacoustic spectrum at a greater distance. A source may emit a beam to a target and a detector measures signals generated as a result of the beam being emitted on the target. By emitting a chopped/pulsed light beam to the target, it may be possible to determine the target's optical absorbance by monitoring the intensity of light collected at the detector at different wavelengths. As the wavelength of light is changed, the target may absorb or reject each optical frequency. Rejection may increase the intensity at the sensing element and absorption may decrease the intensity. Accordingly, an identifying spectrum of the target may be made with the intensity variation of the detector as a function of illuminating wavelength.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于在更大距离处产生反向光声谱的系统和方法。 源可以向目标发射波束，并且检测器测量作为射束在目标上发射的结果而产生的信号。 通过向目标发射切碎/脉冲光束，可以通过监测在不同波长的检测器处收集的光的强度来确定目标的光吸收。 当光的波长改变时，目标物可以吸收或拒绝每个光学频率。 抑制可能增加感测元件的强度，吸收可能会降低强度。 因此，可以利用检测器的强度变化作为照明波长的函数来进行目标的识别光谱。

公开(公告)号：US20100033723A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-11

申请号：US12488238

申请日：2009-06-19

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

IPC分类号： G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  G01N29/2418

摘要： A system generates a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source focuses a beam on a target substance disposed on a base. The base supports a cantilever that measures acoustic waves generated as light is absorbed by the target substance. By focusing a chopped/pulsed light beam on the target substance, a range of optical absorbance may be measured as the wavelength of light changes. An identifying spectrum of the target may detected by monitoring the vibration intensity variation of the cantilever as a function of illuminating wavelength or color.

摘要翻译： 系统在开放或封闭环境中产生光声谱，噪声降低。 源将光束聚焦在设置在基底上的目标物质上。 底座支撑悬臂，用于测量当物体吸收光时产生的声波。 通过将切碎/脉冲光束聚焦在目标物质上，可以随着光的波长变化来测量光吸收的范围。 通过监测作为照明波长或颜色的函数的悬臂的振动强度变化来检测目标的识别光谱。

公开(公告)号：US20080099330A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-01

申请号：US11588542

申请日：2006-10-27

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N29/036 ,  G01N2291/0256

摘要： An electrochemical suspended element-based sensor system includes a solution cell for holding an electrolyte comprising solution including at least one electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species. A working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE) and a counter electrode (CE) are disposed in the solution. The CE includes an asymmetric suspended element, wherein one side of the suspended element includes a metal or a highly doped semiconductor surface. The suspended element bends when current associated with reduction or oxidation of the electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species at the WE passes through the suspended element. At least one measurement system measures the bending of the suspended element or a parameter which is a function of the bending.

摘要翻译： 基于电化学悬浮元件的传感器系统包括用于保持电解质的溶液池，所述电解质包含至少一种电化学还原性或可氧化物质的溶液。 在该溶液中设置工作电极（WE），参比电极（RE）和对电极（CE）。 CE包括不对称悬置元件，其中悬浮元件的一侧包括金属或高度掺杂的半导体表面。 当与WE的电化学还原性或可氧化物质的还原或氧化相关的电流通过悬浮元件时，悬浮元件弯曲。 至少一个测量系统测量悬挂元件的弯曲或作为弯曲函数的参数。

公开(公告)号：US06905586B2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-14

申请号：US10055881

申请日：2002-01-28

申请人： James W. Lee ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： James W. Lee ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： B01L3/00 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： C12Q1/6869 ,  B01L3/502707 ,  B01L3/502761 ,  B01L2200/0647 ,  B01L2300/0645 ,  B01L2300/0896 ,  B01L2400/0421 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C12Q2565/631 ,  C12Q2565/629 ,  C12Q2565/601

摘要： An apparatus and method for performing nucleic acid (DNA and/or RNA) sequencing on a single molecule. The genetic sequence information is obtained by probing through a DNA or RNA molecule base by base at nanometer scale as though looking through a strip of movie film. This DNA sequencing nanotechnology has the theoretical capability of performing DNA sequencing at a maximal rate of about 1,000,000 bases per second. This enhanced performance is made possible by a series of innovations including: novel applications of a fine-tuned nanometer gap for passage of a single DNA or RNA molecule; thin layer microfluidics for sample loading and delivery; and programmable electric fields for precise control of DNA or RNA movement. Detection methods include nanoelectrode-gated tunneling current measurements, dielectric molecular characterization, and atomic force microscopy/electrostatic force microscopy (AFM/EFM) probing for nanoscale reading of the nucleic acid sequences.

摘要翻译： 用于在单个分子上进行核酸（DNA和/或RNA）测序的装置和方法。 遗传序列信息是通过以纳米级的方式通过DNA或RNA分子碱基进行探索来获得的，就像看通过电影胶片一样。 该DNA测序纳米技术具有进行DNA测序的理论能力，最大速率约为每秒100万个碱基。 这种增强的性能可以通过一系列创新成为可能，包括：用于单个DNA或RNA分子通过的微调纳米间隙的新颖应用; 用于样品装载和分送的薄层微流体; 和可编程电场，用于精确控制DNA或RNA的运动。 检测方法包括纳米电极栅极隧道电流测量，电介质分子表征和用于核酸序列的纳米级读数的原子力显微镜/静电力显微镜（AFM / EFM）探测。

公开(公告)号：US06436346B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09395630

申请日：1999-09-14

申请人： Mitchel J. Doktycz ,  Charles L. Britton, Jr. ,  Stephen F. Smith ,  Patrick I. Oden ,  William L. Bryan ,  James A. Moore ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Robert J. Warmack

发明人： Mitchel J. Doktycz ,  Charles L. Britton, Jr. ,  Stephen F. Smith ,  Patrick I. Oden ,  William L. Bryan ,  James A. Moore ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Robert J. Warmack

IPC分类号： G01N2520

CPC分类号： G01K17/006

摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for detecting and monitoring micro-volumetric enthalpic changes caused by molecular reactions. Micro-machining techniques are used to create very small thermally isolated masses incorporating temperature-sensitive circuitry. The thermally isolated masses are provided with a molecular layer or coating, and the temperature-sensitive circuitry provides an indication when the molecules of the coating are involved in an enthalpic reaction. The thermally isolated masses may be provided singly or in arrays and, in the latter case, the molecular coatings may differ to provide qualitative and/or quantitative assays of a substance.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于检测和监测由分子反应引起的微量焓变的方法和装置。 微加工技术用于创建非常小的热隔离块，并结合温度敏感电路。 热隔离的质量块设置有分子层或涂层，并且当涂层的分子参与焓反应时，温度敏感电路提供指示。 可以单独地或以阵列形式提供热分离的质量，并且在后一种情况下，分子涂层可以不同以提供物质的定性和/或定量测定。

公开(公告)号：US08194246B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-05

申请号：US12488238

申请日：2009-06-19

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

IPC分类号： G01J3/30

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  G01N29/2418

摘要： A system generates a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source focuses a beam on a target substance disposed on a base. The base supports a cantilever that measures acoustic waves generated as light is absorbed by the target substance. By focusing a chopped/pulsed light beam on the target substance, a range of optical absorbance may be measured as the wavelength of light changes. An identifying spectrum of the target may detected by monitoring the vibration intensity variation of the cantilever as a function of illuminating wavelength or color.

摘要翻译： 系统在开放或封闭环境中产生光声谱，噪声降低。 源将光束聚焦在设置在基底上的目标物质上。 底座支撑悬臂，用于测量当物体吸收光时产生的声波。 通过将切碎/脉冲光束聚焦在目标物质上，可以随着光的波长变化来测量光吸收的范围。 通过监测作为照明波长或颜色的函数的悬臂的振动强度变化来检测目标的识别光谱。

公开(公告)号：US07972865B2

公开(公告)日：2011-07-05

申请号：US12198580

申请日：2008-08-26

申请人： Dechang Yi ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： Dechang Yi ,  Lawrence R. Senesac ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： G01N27/04 ,  G01N33/22

CPC分类号： G01N27/18

摘要： A sensor for detecting and differentiating chemical analytes includes a microscale body having a first end and a second end and a surface between the ends for adsorbing a chemical analyte. The surface includes at least one conductive heating track for heating the chemical analyte and also a conductive response track, which is electrically isolated from the heating track, for producing a thermal response signal from the chemical analyte. The heating track is electrically connected with a voltage source and the response track is electrically connected with a signal recorder. The microscale body is restrained at the first end and the second end and is substantially isolated from its surroundings therebetween, thus having a bridge configuration.

摘要翻译： 用于检测和分化化学分析物的传感器包括具有第一端和第二端的微型体，以及用于吸附化学分析物的端部之间的表面。 表面包括用于加热化学分析物的至少一个导电加热轨道以及与加热轨迹电隔离的导电响应轨迹，用于产生来自化学分析物的热响应信号。 加热轨道与电压源电连接，并且响应轨道与信号记录器电连接。 微型体在第一端和第二端处被约束，并且与它们之间的环境基本隔离，因此具有桥接构造。

公开(公告)号：US07579052B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-25

申请号：US11859047

申请日：2007-09-21

申请人： Vassil I. Boiadjiev ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lal A. Pinnaduwage ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Peter V. Bonnesen ,  Gudrun Goretzki

发明人： Vassil I. Boiadjiev ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lal A. Pinnaduwage ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Peter V. Bonnesen ,  Gudrun Goretzki

IPC分类号： B05D3/10 ,  B05D3/12 ,  G01N7/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/022 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y35/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  G01N2291/0256 ,  G01N2291/0423 ,  G01N2291/0426 ,  G01N2291/0427

摘要： Highly sensitive sensor platforms for the detection of specific reagents, such as chromate, gasoline and biological species, using microcantilevers and other microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) whose surfaces have been modified with photochemically attached organic monolayers, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAM), or gold-thiol surface linkage are taught. The microcantilever sensors use photochemical hydrosilylation to modify silicon surfaces and gold-thiol chemistry to modify metallic surfaces thereby enabling individual microcantilevers in multicantilever array chips to be modified separately. Terminal vinyl substituted hydrocarbons with a variety of molecular recognition sites can be attached to the surface of silicon via the photochemical hydrosilylation process. By focusing the activating UV light sequentially on selected silicon or silicon nitride hydrogen terminated surfaces and soaking or spotting selected metallic surfaces with organic thiols, sulfides, or disulfides, the microcantilevers are functionalized. The device and photochemical method are intended to be integrated into systems for detecting specific agents including chromate groundwater contamination, gasoline, and biological species.

摘要翻译： 用于检测特定试剂（如铬酸盐，汽油和生物物种）的高灵敏度传感器平台，使用微型悬臂梁和其表面已经用光化学附着的有机单层如自组装单层（SAM）进行了改性的其他微机电系统（MEMS） 或金 - 硫醇表面连接。 微悬臂传感器使用光化学氢化硅烷化来改性硅表面和金 - 硫醇化学，以改变金属表面，从而使多单元阵列芯片中的单个微悬臂梁可以单独修改。 具有多种分子识别位点的末端乙烯基取代的烃可以通过光化学氢化硅烷化方法连接到硅的表面。 通过将激活的UV光依次聚焦在选定的硅或氮化硅氢终止表面上，并用有机硫醇，硫化物或二硫化物浸泡或点样选定的金属表面，微悬臂梁被功能化。 该装置和光化学方法旨在集成到用于检测特定试剂的系统中，包括铬酸盐地下水污染物，汽油和生物物质。

公开(公告)号：US20080206103A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-28

申请号：US11662696

申请日：2005-09-14

申请人： Lal A. Pinnaduwage ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Peter V. Bonnesen ,  Vassil Boiadjiev ,  Gudron Goretzki

发明人： Lal A. Pinnaduwage ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Peter V. Bonnesen ,  Vassil Boiadjiev ,  Gudron Goretzki

IPC分类号： B01J19/00 ,  C07D323/00 ,  C07C43/215

CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  G01N29/022 ,  G01N2291/0255 ,  G01N2291/0256 ,  G01N2291/0427

摘要： Methods for the preparation of a stable, self-assembled monolayer on the silicon surface or metallic coating of a microcantilever are disclosed. The methods produce a microcantilever suitable as a chemical sensor. In a microcantilever produced using one version of the method, a metallic coating is disposed on a side of the microcantilever, a bridging atom is bonded to the metallic coating, a first spacer group is bonded to the bridging atom, a second spacer group is bonded to the bridging atom, and a chemical recognition agent is bonded to the first spacer group. In another version of the method, a silicon surface of a microcantilever is hydrogen terminated, and a calixarene chemical recognition agent is carbon linked to the silicon surface using photochemical hydrosilylation. Among other things, the calixarene may be bonded to a crown ether for ion detection or bonded to a area for the recognition of explosives by hydrogen bonding to nitro groups.

摘要翻译： 公开了在微型悬臂梁的硅表面或金属涂层上制备稳定的自组装单层的方法。 该方法产生适合作为化学传感器的微悬臂梁。 在使用一种方法制造的微悬臂梁中，金属涂层设置在微悬臂梁的一侧，桥接原子与金属涂层结合，第一间隔基团与桥连原子键合，第二间隔基团键合 并且化学识别剂与第一间隔基团结合。 在该方法的另一种方案中，微悬臂梁的硅表面是氢封端的，并且杯芳烃化学识别剂使用光化学氢化硅烷化将碳连接到硅表面。 其中，杯芳烃可以结合到冠醚用于离子检测，或者通过氢键连接到硝基而与用于识别爆炸物的区域结合。