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    Apparatus for passively releasing gases from a vessel against an adverse pressure gradient
    31.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for passively releasing gases from a vessel against an adverse pressure gradient 失效
    用于被动地从容器释放气体抵抗不利的压力梯度的装置

    公开(公告)号：US5057160A

    公开(公告)日：1991-10-15

    申请号：US401730

    申请日：1989-08-31

    Applicant: William J. Ward, III ,  Philip G. Kosky ,  John A. Kamal

    Inventor： William J. Ward, III ,  Philip G. Kosky ,  John A. Kamal

    IPC: B01J4/04 ,  G21C3/17

    CPC classification number: G21C3/17 ,  B01J4/04 ,  Y02E30/40

    Abstract: A microporous plug is provided which serves to seal a vessel so as to prevent the bulk flow of gases through an outlet. The pores of said microporous plug are sized so as to permit the transport of gases to and from the vessel interior by Knudsen diffusion. In preferred embodiments, the pores of the plug are sized so as to release helium from the interior of a vessel and restrict the transport of carbon dioxide into the vessel from the surrounding atmosphere by Knudsen diffusion. Such embodiments are particularly useful on Mars where the helium is transported into an environment of higher pressure. In other embodiments, the microporous plug is used in conjunction with an absorber positioned within the vessel to react with atmospheric gases that pass through the plug, such as carbon dioxide. Also provided are radioisotope thermoelectric generators that incorporate a microporous plug and optionally an absorber.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种微孔塞，其用于密封容器，以防止气体通过出口的大量流动。 所述微孔塞的孔隙的大小被设计成允许通过克努森扩散将气体输送到船舶内部。 在优选的实施方案中，塞子的孔的尺寸被设计成从容器的内部释放氦，并且通过克努森（Knudsen）扩散来限制二氧化碳从周围的气氛输送到容器中。 这样的实施例在将氦输送到更高压力的环境中的火星上特别有用。 在其它实施例中，微孔塞与吸收器结合使用，该吸收器位于容器内以与通过塞子的大气气体（例如二氧化碳）反应。 还提供了包含微孔塞和任选的吸收体的放射性同位素热电发生器。

    High efficiency apparatus for aerosol direct fluorination
    35.
    发明授权
    High efficiency apparatus for aerosol direct fluorination 失效
    用于气溶胶直接氟化的高效率装置

    公开(公告)号：US4855112A

    公开(公告)日：1989-08-08

    申请号：US88158

    申请日：1987-08-21

    Applicant: James L. Adcock

    Inventor： James L. Adcock

    IPC: B01J4/04 ,  B01J8/08 ,  B01J19/12 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C07B39/00 ,  C07C41/22 ,  C07C43/12

    CPC classification number: B01J8/08 ,  B01J19/123 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  C07B39/00 ,  C07C41/22 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00099 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00159

    Abstract: An apparatus for aerosol direct fluorination is disclosed in which a material to be fluorinated is formed into an aerosol prior to fluorination by introducing a vapor stream of the material to be fluorinated centrally into converging flows of carrier particles suspended in a gas and condensing the vapor onto the particles. Fluorine is contacted with the aerosol in an elongated fluorination reactor having microporous walls providing a substantially continuous influx of fluorine-containing gas which creates an increasing fluorine concentration gradient as the aerosol moves through the reactor and provides a barrier to prevent contact of the aerosol with the microporous walls. A photochemical stage includes an elliptical reflector with a light source of one focus and a flow of aerosol and fluorine at the others.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于气溶胶直接氟化的装置，其中待氟化的材料在氟化之前通过将要被氟化的材料的蒸汽流引入会聚在悬浮在气体中的载体颗粒的流中并将蒸气冷凝到 颗粒。 在具有微孔壁的细长氟化反应器中使氟与气溶胶接触，所述微孔壁提供基本上连续的含氟气体的流入，当气溶胶移动通过反应器时，其产生增加的氟浓度梯度，并提供屏障以防止气溶胶与 微孔壁。 光化学阶段包括具有一个焦点的光源的椭圆形反射器和另一个焦点的气溶胶和氟流。

    Lipid osmotic pump
    37.
    发明授权
    Lipid osmotic pump 失效
    脂质渗透泵

    公开(公告)号：US4685918A

    公开(公告)日：1987-08-11

    申请号：US697105

    申请日：1985-02-01

    Applicant: Gordon L. Amidon ,  Takeru Higuchi ,  Jennifer B. Dressman

    Inventor： Gordon L. Amidon ,  Takeru Higuchi ,  Jennifer B. Dressman

    IPC: B01J4/04 ,  A61K9/00 ,  A61K9/22 ,  A61K9/32 ,  A61K9/50 ,  A61M1/00

    CPC classification number: A61K9/5042 ,  A61K9/0004

    Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a lipid osmotic pump, comprising:(A) a core, comprising:(i) a beneficial amount of at least one substantially water insoluble active agent which is lipid soluble and/or lipid wettable;(ii) a sufficient amount of at least one water immiscible lipid carrier, which is liquid at the temperature of intended use, to dissolve and/or suspend said active agent; and(iii) a sufficient amount of at least one osmotic agent to ensure release of said lipid carrier from the pump; and(B) surrounded by a water insoluble wall:(i) having a thickness of about 1 to 1000 microns;(ii) which is preferentially wetted by said lipid carrier over an aqueous solution of said osmotic agent;(iii) having a water permeability of about 1.times.10.sup.-18 to 4.times.10.sup.-15 cm.sup.3 sec/g;(iv) prepared from at least one polymer permeable to water but substantially impermeable to said osmotic agent; and(v) having a means for said active agent and lipid carrier to be released through said water insoluble wall.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及脂质渗透泵，其包含：（A）核心，其包含：（i）有益量的至少一种基本上不溶于水的活性剂，其是脂溶性和/或脂质可湿性的; （ii）足够量的至少一种在预期使用温度下为液体的与水不混溶的脂质载体溶解和/或悬浮所述活性剂; 和（iii）足够量的至少一种渗透剂以确保从泵中释放所述脂质载体; 和（B）由水不溶性壁包围：（i）具有约1至1000微米的厚度; （ii）优选地由所述脂质载体润湿所述渗透剂的水溶液; （iii）具有约1×10 18至4×10 15 cm 3 sec / g的透水性; （iv）由至少一种可渗透水的聚合物制备，但基本上不渗透所述渗透剂; 和（v）具有用于所述活性剂和脂质载体通过所述水不溶性壁释放的装置。

    Method of delivering drug with aid of effervescent activity generated in environment of use
    39.
    发明授权
    Method of delivering drug with aid of effervescent activity generated in environment of use 失效
    通过使用环境中产生的泡腾活性来输送药物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4265874A

    公开(公告)日：1981-05-05

    申请号：US143644

    申请日：1980-04-25

    Applicant: Pieter Bonsen ,  Patrick S. Wong ,  Felix Theeuwes

    Inventor： Pieter Bonsen ,  Patrick S. Wong ,  Felix Theeuwes

    IPC: B01J4/04 ,  A61K9/00 ,  A61K9/32 ,  A61K9/46 ,  A61J1/00

    CPC classification number: A61K9/0004

    Abstract: A method is disclosed for delivering a drug substantially free of rapid precipitation from an osmotic device. The osmotic device comprises a semipermeable wall surrounding a compartment, housing (1) a drug that exhibits limited solubility under neutral and acid conditions; and (2) a compound capable of evolving carbon dioxide in the presence of an acid in the environment of use. The method comprises, (a) imbibing fluid through the wall into the compartment at a rate determined by the permeability of the wall and the osmotic pressure gradient across the wall, (b) forming in the compartment a basic solution containing drug and compound, which solution is delivered from the compartment through the passageway, (c) reacting the compound with the acid in the environment at the device-environment interface for evolving carbon dioxide, thereby, (d) providing an effervescent suspension in the environment that delivers the drug in a finely dispersed form to the environment of use over time. Also, a composition is disclosed comprising the drug and the compound.

    Abstract translation: 公开了用于从渗透装置输送基本上不含快速沉淀的药物的方法。 渗透装置包括围绕隔室的半透壁，壳体（1）在中性和酸性条件下表现出有限溶解度的药物; 和（2）能够在酸性存在下在使用环境中放出二氧化碳的化合物。 该方法包括：（a）将流体通过所述壁吸入所述隔室中，所述速率由所述壁的渗透性和穿过所述壁的渗透压梯度确定，（b）在所述室中形成含有药物和化合物的碱性溶液， 溶液通过通道从隔室输送，（c）使化合物与环境中的酸在设备 - 环境界面反应，用于放出二氧化碳，从而（d）在环境中提供泡腾悬浮液，将环境中的药物递送 随着时间的推移，使用环境的细分散形式。 另外，公开了包含药物和化合物的组合物。

    Osmotically driven active agent dispenser
    40.
    发明授权
    Osmotically driven active agent dispenser 失效
    渗透驱动的活性剂分配器

    公开(公告)号：US4016880A

    公开(公告)日：1977-04-12

    申请号：US663665

    申请日：1976-03-04

    Applicant: Felix Theeuwes ,  Nalinkant C. Damani

    Inventor： Felix Theeuwes ,  Nalinkant C. Damani

    IPC: B01J4/04 ,  A61F9/00 ,  A61K9/00 ,  A61K9/36 ,  A61K9/52 ,  A61M31/00

    CPC classification number: A61K9/0004 ,  A61F9/0017

    Abstract: Osmotically driven active agent dispenser for use in an aqueous environment that pumps a solution of active agent, such as a drug, at a predetermined, constant rate. The dispenser is in the form of a coated tablet comprising: a core of an osmotically effective active agent composition; and an inexpandable wall that encloses the core, has a controlled permeability to water and includes means, such as brittleness or sites of structural weakness, that is responsive to the pressure generated within the dispenser by imbibition of water from the environment by the core through the wall to form at least one, and usually many, passageways in situ in the wall through which the active agent composition in solution is pumped osmotically at a rate that is substantially dependent of the rate at which water is being imbibed into the dispenser.

    Abstract translation: 渗透驱动的活性剂分配器，用于以预定的恒定速率泵送活性剂如药物的溶液的水性环境。 分配器是包衣片剂的形式，包括：渗透有效的活性剂组合物的核心; 并且包围核心的廉价的壁具有受控的水渗透性，并且包括诸如脆性或结构弱点的装置，该装置通过由核心通过芯部吸收来自环境的水来响应分配器内产生的压力 壁在壁中原位形成至少一个通常多个通道，通过该通道，溶液中的活性剂组合物通过渗透液体以基本上取决于水被吸入分配器的速率的速率被泵送。

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