Abstract:
Compounds and methods are provided for the treatment of, inter alia, Type II diabetes and other diseases associated with poor glycemic control. The compounds of the invention are orally active.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a methods and compounds for producing an enantiomerically enriched α-(phenoxy)phenylacetic acid compound of the formula: from a mixture of its enantiomers, where R1 is alkyl or haloalkyl and X is halide.
Abstract:
Compounds and methods are provided for the treatment of, inter alia, Type II diabetes and other diseases associated with poor glycemic control. The compounds of the invention are orally active.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to certain novel compounds represented by Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates and prodrugs thereof. The present invention is also directed to methods of making and using such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds to treat or control a number of diseases mediated by PPAR such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and insulin secretion, specifically Type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercholesteremia, atherosclerosis, one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease, Syndrome X, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, obesity and eating disorders.
Abstract:
A microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonator with a vacuum-cavity is fabricated using polysilicon-enabled release methods. A vacuum-cavity surrounding the MEMS beam is formed by removing release material that surrounds the beam and sealing the resulting cavity under vacuum by depositing a layer of nitride over the structure. The vacuum-cavity MEMS resonators have cantilever beams, bridge beams or breathing-bar beams.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a microbeam oscillator. Tuning of the oscillator is carried out by addition or subtraction of material to an oscillator member in order to change the mass of the oscillator member.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of forming reduced feature size spacers. The method includes providing a semiconductor substrate having an area region; patterning a first spacer over a portion of the area region of the substrate, the first spacer having a first thickness and opposing side portions; patterning a pair of second spacers, each second spacer adjacent to a side portion of the first spacer, each second spacer having a second thickness in opposing side portions, wherein the second thickness is less than the first thickness; removing the first spacer; patterning a plurality of third spacers, each third spacer adjacent to one of the side portions of one of the second spacers, each one of the third spacers having a third thickness, wherein the third thickness is less than the second thickness; and removing the second spacers. The invention also relates to a field of effect transistor. The transistor includes a semiconductor substrate having a source region and a drain region; a gate area of the substrate surface; a channel region in the substrate having a cross-sectional area defined by a portion of the gate area, a channel length measured accross a portion of the channel region between the source region and the drain region; and a trench formed in a portion of the channel region, the trench having a trench length substantially equivalent to the channel length.
Abstract:
A method of fabricating minimum size and next-to-minimum size electrically conductive members using a litho-less process is disclosed. A substrate is provided, and a layer of gate dielectric material is formed on the substrate. A layer of electrically conductive material is formed over the gate dielectric material. A first mask is used to form a hard mask. A layer of first spacer material is deposited over the existing structures, and the layer of first spacer material is etched back to form spacers adjacent to the hard mask. The width of the first spacers determines the minimum size gate length. A layer of second spacer material is deposited over the existing structures, including the hard mask and first spacers. The layer of second spacer material is etched back to form a second set of spacers adjacent to the first spacers. The width of the first and second spacers together determine the next-to-minimum size gate length. A second mask is used to protect the portion of the second spacers which are to be used to define next-to-minimum size gates, and the unprotected second spacers and the hard mask are removed. The exposed electrically conductive material is removed. The remaining spacers are then removed, leaving minimum size and next-to-minimum size gates.
Abstract:
A method of forming a narrow space using a litho-less process is disclosed. A first mask is formed on a substrate, the first mask having an edge. A spacer is then formed adjacent to the edge. A second mask is subsequently formed adjacent to the spacer. The spacer is then removed.
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to wireless communications implemented by a user equipment (UE). The UE may receive a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence grouping from a base station, select a DMRS sequence for transmission of DMRS based on the DMRS sequence grouping, and transmit uplink (UL) data along with the DMRS for UL transmission using contention-based protocol, wherein the DMRS is transmitted based on the selected DMRS sequence.