摘要:
A three-phase induction motor includes winding slots and a stator winding. The number of winding slots per pole per phase is a noninteger. The stator winding is a three-phase balanced winding. A pitch s of the winding satisfies s=(r-t)/r or s=r/(r+t) (where t is an odd number and r is the order of a harmonic wave to be suppressed).
摘要:
An internal combustion engine HC-adsorbent is located in one of a pair of exhaust passages in parallel to each other downstream of an emission control catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas and through which exhaust gas flows selectively by a switchover valve. The adsorbent is a zeolite mixture having pores at least 3.5 Å and smaller than 6 Å and not equal or larger than 6 Å and smaller than 7 Å, and zeolite having pores at least 7 Å and smaller than 10 Å and not equal or larger than 6 Å and smaller than 7 Å. HCs are desorbed quickly and easily lowering the desorption temperature, while ensuring excellent adsorbing performance for HCs of different molecular diameters. Even when a vehicle travels only a short duration after engine starting, desorption advances quickly and reliably, the adsorbent exhibiting intended adsorbing performance at the next engine starting.
摘要:
A humidity sensor 4 is disposed downstream of an exhaust gas purifier comprising a hydrocarbon adsorbing catalyst 2, and an air-fuel ratio sensor 5 is disposed at least downstream of the exhaust gas purifier. The hydrocarbon adsorbing ability of a hydrocarbon adsorbent of a hydrocarbon adsorbing catalyst 2 (the exhaust gas purifier) is evaluated using output data of the humidity sensor 4. The unburned gas purifying ability based on a catalytic action of the hydrocarbon adsorbing catalyst 2 is evaluated using output data of the air-fuel ratio sensor 5. Based on the evaluated results, the overall deteriorated state of the exhaust gas purifier is evaluated. The overall deteriorated state of the exhaust gas purifier which has the hydrocarbon adsorbing catalyst 2 can thus adequately be evaluated.
摘要:
A hydrocarbon adsorbent state determining apparatus is provided for compensating the ability of a hydrocarbon adsorbent to adsorb moisture for fluctuations due to a change in the flow velocity of exhaust gases to accurately determine the state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent, including a deterioration thereof, irrespective of the change in the flow rate of exhaust gases. The hydrocarbon adsorbent state determining apparatus determines the state of a hydrocarbon adsorbent disposed in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for adsorbing hydrocarbons and moisture within exhaust gases. The hydrocarbon adsorbent state determining apparatus comprises a downstream humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of exhaust gases which have passed through the hydrocarbon adsorbent, a flow velocity parameter detector for detecting a flow velocity parameter indicative of a flow velocity of the exhaust gases, and an ECU for determining the state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent in accordance with the detected humidity of the exhaust gases and the flow velocity parameter.
摘要:
After an internal combustion engine 1 has started to operate, a changing timing is detected at which a humidity represented by the output signal of a humidity sensor 23 disposed downstream of a hydrocarbon adsorbent 12 changes to a tendency to monotonously increase from a low humidity to a high humidity. Data representing a total amount of moisture carried by an exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 1 to the hydrocarbon adsorbent 12 up to the changing timing is acquired as a deterioration evaluating parameter. The deteriorated state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent is evaluated based on the deterioration evaluating parameter. The changing timing is detected as a timing at which the relative humidity represented by the output signal of the humidity sensor 23 has changed from a low humidity to a high humidity by a preset value. The preset value is variably set in order to compensate for characteristic changes of the humidity sensor 23 and variations of individual humidity sensors. The deteriorated state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent can thus adequately be monitored while compensating for the characteristic changes of the humidity sensor and the variations of individual humidity sensors.
摘要:
A catalyst state detector for detecting a state of an exhaust gas purifying catalyst which is capable of accurately detecting the state, including deterioration, of an HC adsorbent contained in the exhaust gas purifying catalyst for adsorbing hydrocarbons in exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, and can be manufactured at a low cost. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst is arranged at an intermediate portion of an exhaust pipe, and the HC adsorbent is capable of adsorbing hydrocarbons and moisture in exhaust gases. The catalyst state detector comprises a downstream humidity sensor arranged at a location downstream of the HC adsorbent in the exhaust pipe for detecting a humidity of the exhaust gases, and an adsorbent state detecting unit (ECU) for detecting the state of the HC adsorbent in accordance with the result of detection made by the downstream humidity sensor.
摘要:
A state determining apparatus for an exhaust gas purifier is provided for determining the state of the exhaust gas purifier including an adsorbent for adsorbing hydrocarbons; in accordance with the temperature state in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The state determining apparatus is arranged in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. The state determining apparatus comprises a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity within a bypass exhaust pipe, and an ECU for determining the temperature state of the exhaust system and determining the state of adsorbent in accordance with the humidity within the bypass exhaust pipe detected by the humidity sensor and the temperature state in the exhaust system detected by the ECU.
摘要:
An adsorbent for HC in an exhaust gas is an agglomerate of double-structure particles, each of which includes an HC-adsorbing zeolite core, and a ceramic coat wrapping the zeolite core and having a plurality of through-pores communicating with a plurality of pores in the zeolite core. Each of the double-structure particles is at least one of a double-structure particle including the zeolite core comprising a single zeolite particle, and a double-structure particle including the zeolite core comprising a plurality of zeolite particles. Each of the through-pores in the ceramic coat has such a shape that the HC is easy to flow into the through-pore and difficult to flow out of the through-pore.
摘要:
A moving apparatus with a driving force assist mechanism traveled mainly by human power. This moving apparatus detects, in a non-contact manner, with respect to rotating portion such as traveling wheel, etc., rotation speed of the rotating portion to detect traveling state to deliver, from the driving force assist mechanism, assistant driving force corresponding to speed change information that a person who operates the moving apparatus intends to give on the basis of the detected traveling information to carry out traveling to thereby permit smooth traveling even in the case where traveling by only human power becomes difficult.
摘要:
An erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) with a NAND cell structure includes NAND cell blocks, each of which has a selection transistor connected to the corresponding bit line and memory cell transistors connected in series. Word lines are connected to control gates of the cell transistors. In a data write mode, a selection transistor of a certain cell block containing a selected cell is rendered conductive to connect the cell block to the corresponding bit line. A control circuit is provided for applying an "L" level voltage (approximately 0 V) to a word line connected to the selected cell, applying an "H" level voltage (approximately 20 V) to a word line or word lines positioned between the selected word line and a contact node connecting the cell block and a specific bit line associated therewith, applying a voltage corresponding to data to be written to the specific bit line, and applying an intermediate voltage between the "H" and "L" level voltages to non-selected bit lines, thereby writing the data in the selected cell by tunneling. If the data is logic "0" data, the intermediate voltage is applied also to the specific bit line.