公开(公告)号：US20140351669A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-27

申请号：US14336066

申请日：2014-07-21

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Micha Anholt ,  Naftali Sommer

IPC: G06F11/10

CPC classification number: G06F11/10 ,  G06F11/1012 ,  H03M13/114 ,  H03M13/118 ,  H03M13/6393

Abstract: A method includes accepting input including at least part of a codeword that has been encoded by an ECC defined by a set of parity check equations. The codeword includes data bits and parity bits. A decoding process is applied to the codeword using the data bits and only a first partial subset of parity bits in the input, and using only a second partial subset of equations. Upon a failure to decode the codeword using the partial subsets, the codeword is re-decoded using the data bits and all parity bits in the input, and using all equations. The set of parity check equations is defined such that any parity bit in the codeword appears in multiple equations, and any parity bit in the first partial subset of the parity bits appears in a plurality of equations in the second partial subset of the equations.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括接受输入，该输入包括已由由奇偶校验方程组确定的ECC编码的码字的至少一部分。 码字包括数据位和奇偶校验位。 使用数据位和仅输入中的奇偶校验位的第一部分子集，并且仅使用方程的第二部分子集，将解码处理应用于码字。 在使用部分子集解码码字失败时，使用输入中的数据位和所有奇偶校验位，并使用所有方程对码字进行重新解码。 定义奇偶校验方程组，使得码字中的任何奇偶校验位出现在多个等式中，并且奇偶校验位的第一部分子集中的任何奇偶校验位出现在等式的第二部分子集中的多个等式中。

公开(公告)号：US20140347924A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-27

申请号：US14318876

申请日：2014-06-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Yoav Kasorla ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Eyal Gurgi ,  Micha Anholt

IPC: G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/04

CPC classification number: G11C27/005 ,  G06F11/1048 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C16/0483 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C2211/5647 ,  G11C2211/5648

Abstract: A method for data storage includes accepting data for storage in an array of analog memory cells, which are arranged in rows associated with respective word lines. At least a first page of the data is stored in a first row of the array, and at least a second page of the data is stored in a second row of the array, having a different word line from the first row. After storing the first and second pages, a third page of the data is stored jointly in the first and second rows.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括接收用于存储在与相应字线相关联的行中的模拟存储器单元阵列中的数据。 数据的至少第一页被存储在阵列的第一行中，并且数据的至少第二页被存储在阵列的第二行中，具有与第一行不同的字线。 在存储第一页和第二页之后，数据的第三页共同存储在第一行和第二行中。

公开(公告)号：US20140331106A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-06

申请号：US13874995

申请日：2013-05-01

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Barak Baum ,  Tomer Ish-Shalom ,  Micha Anholt ,  Eyal Gurgi ,  Yoav Kasorla

IPC: G06F11/10

CPC classification number: G06F11/10 ,  G06F11/1076 ,  G11C7/14 ,  G11C11/5621 ,  G11C29/021 ,  G11C29/028 ,  G11C29/42

Abstract: A method includes, in a memory that includes two or more memory units, storing a code word of an Error Correction Code (ECC) that is representable by a plurality of check equations, such that a first part of the code word is stored in a first memory unit and a second part of the code word is stored in a second memory unit. A subset of the check equations, which operate only on code word bits belonging to the first part stored in the first memory unit, is identified. The first part of the code word is retrieved from the first memory unit, and a count of the check equations in the identified subset that are not satisfied by the retrieved first part of the code word is evaluated. One or more readout parameters, for readout from the first memory unit, are set depending on the evaluated count.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括在包括两个或多个存储器单元的存储器中，存储可由多个检验方程表示的纠错码（ECC）的代码字，使得代码字的第一部分被存储在 第一存储单元和码字的第二部分被存储在第二存储单元中。 识别仅对属于存储在第一存储器单元中的第一部分的代码字位操作的检验方程的子集。 从第一存储器单元检索代码字的第一部分，并且对所检索的代码字的第一部分不满足的所识别的子集中的检验方程的计数进行评估。 根据评估计数来设定用于从第一存储器单元读出的一个或多个读出参数。

公开(公告)号：US08830746B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US13905580

申请日：2013-05-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Maya Barkon ,  Meir Dalal ,  Moti Teitel ,  Micha Anholt

IPC: G11C11/34 ,  G11C16/34 ,  G11C27/00 ,  G11C29/02 ,  G11C11/56

CPC classification number: G11C27/00 ,  G11C11/5642 ,  G11C16/3418 ,  G11C29/021 ,  G11C29/028

Abstract: A method includes reading a group of analog memory cells using first explicit read thresholds, to produce first readout results. The group is re-read using second explicit read thresholds, to produce second readout results. The group is read using one or more sets of auxiliary thresholds so as to produce auxiliary readout results, such that the number of the auxiliary thresholds in each set is the same as the number of the first explicit read thresholds and the same as the number of the second explicit read thresholds. A readout performance of third read thresholds, which include at least one of the first explicit read thresholds and at least one of the second explicit read thresholds, is evaluated using the first, second and auxiliary readout results.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括使用第一显式读取阈值读取一组模拟存储器单元，以产生第一读出结果。 使用第二显式读取阈值重新读取该组，以产生第二读取结果。 使用一组或多组辅助阈值读取组，以产生辅助读出结果，使得每组中的辅助阈值的数量与第一显式读取阈值的数量相同，并且与第 第二个显式读取阈值。 使用第一，第二和辅助读出结果评估包括第一显式读取阈值和至少一个第二显式读取阈值中的至少一个的第三读取阈值的读出性能。

公开(公告)号：US20140201596A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

申请号：US13743721

申请日：2013-01-17

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Barak Baum ,  Micha Anholt

IPC: G06F11/10

CPC classification number: G06F11/1008 ,  G06F11/1068 ,  G06F11/1072 ,  G06F11/1076 ,  H03M13/1102 ,  H03M13/1108 ,  H03M13/1128 ,  H03M13/1515 ,  H03M13/1545 ,  H03M13/612 ,  H03M13/63

Abstract: A method includes storing data that is encoded with an Error Correction Code (ECC) in a group of analog memory cells. The memory cells in the group are read using multiple sets of read thresholds. The memory cells in the group are divided into two or more subsets. N partial syndromes of the ECC are computed, each partial syndrome computed over readout results that were read using a respective set of the read thresholds from a respective subset of the memory cells. For each possible N-bit combination of N bit values at corresponding bit positions in the N partial syndromes, a respective count of the bit positions in which the combination occurs is determined, so as to produce a plurality of counts. An optimal set of read thresholds is calculated based on the counts, and data recovery is performed using the optimal read thresholds.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括将用错误校正码（ECC）编码的数据存储在一组模拟存储器单元中。 使用多组读取阈值读取组中的存储单元。 组中的存储单元被分成两个或多个子集。 计算ECC的N个部分综合征，在读出结果上计算每个部分校正子，这些读出结果使用来自存储器单元的相应子集的相应读取阈值集来读取。 对于N个部分综合征中的相应位位置的N个比特值的每个可能的N比特组合，确定组合发生的比特位置的相应计数，以产生多个计数。 基于计数计算出最佳读取阈值集，并且使用最佳读取阈值执行数据恢复。

公开(公告)号：US20140119089A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-01

申请号：US14147714

申请日：2014-01-06

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Avraham Meir ,  Micha Anholt ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Eyal Gurgi

IPC: G11C27/00

CPC classification number: G11C27/005 ,  G06F11/1048 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C16/0483 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C2211/5647 ,  G11C2211/5648

Abstract: A method for data storage includes, in a first programming phase, storing first data in a group of analog memory cells by programming the memory cells in the group to a set of initial programming levels. In a second programming phase that is subsequent to the first programming phase, second data is stored in the group by: identifying the memory cells in the group that were programmed in the first programming phase to respective levels in a predefined partial subset of the initial programming levels; and programming only the identified memory cells with the second data, so as to set at least some of the identified memory cells to one or more additional programming levels that are different from the initial programming levels.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括在第一编程阶段通过将该组中的存储器单元编程为一组初始编程级别来将第一数据存储在一组模拟存储器单元中。 在第一编程阶段之后的第二编程阶段，通过以下方式将第二数据存储在组中：将在第一编程阶段中编程的组中的存储器单元识别为初始编程的预定义部分子集中的相应电平 水平; 以及仅使用所述第二数据来编程所识别的存储器单元，以便将所识别的存储器单元中的至少一些设置为与所述初始编程级别不同的一个或多个附加编程级别。

公开(公告)号：US20140089754A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-27

申请号：US13628321

申请日：2012-09-27

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Tomer Ish-Shalom ,  Micha Anholt

IPC: H03M13/00

CPC classification number: H03M13/1111 ,  H03M13/1117 ,  H03M13/1137 ,  H03M13/114 ,  H03M13/1154

Abstract: A method includes, in a decoder of an Error Correction Code (ECC), maintaining only aggregated information regarding a set of messages, a function of which is to be reported from a first node to a second node of the decoder. The function of the set is determined and reported using the aggregated information. After reporting the function, one of the messages in the set is replaced with a new message. The aggregated information is updated to reflect the set having the new message, and the function of the set having the new message is determined and reported using the updated aggregated information.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括在纠错码（ECC）的解码器中维护关于一组消息的聚合信息，其功能将从解码器的第一节点报告给第二节点。 使用聚合信息确定并报告集合的功能。 报告功能后，集合中的消息之一将被替换为新消息。 聚合信息被更新以反映具有新消息的集合，并且使用更新的聚合信息确定并报告具有新消息的集合的功能。

公开(公告)号：US20130283133A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-24

申请号：US13920140

申请日：2013-06-18

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Micha Anholt ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Gil Semo ,  Tal Inbar

IPC: H03M13/03

CPC classification number: G06F11/1076 ,  H03M13/03 ,  H03M13/1525 ,  H03M13/45 ,  H03M13/617

Abstract: Methods for Error Correction Code (ECC) decoding include producing syndromes from a set of bits, which represent data that has been encoded with the ECC. An Error Locator Polynomial (ELP) is generated based on the syndromes. At least some of the ELP roots are identified, and the errors indicated by these roots are corrected. Each syndrome may be produced by applying to the bits vector operations in a vector space. Each syndrome is produced by applying vector operations using a different basis of the vector space. The ELP may be evaluated on a given field element by operating on ELP coefficients using serial multipliers, wherein each serial multiplier performs a sequence of multiplication cycles and produces an interim result in each cycle. Responsively to detecting at least one interim result indicating that the given element is not an ELP root, the multiplication cycles are terminated before completion of the sequence.

公开(公告)号：US20130283122A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-24

申请号：US13921446

申请日：2013-06-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Micha Anholt ,  Or Ordentlich ,  Naftali Sommer ,  Ofir Shalvi

IPC: H03M13/29

CPC classification number: H03M13/29 ,  G06F11/1012 ,  G11C29/00 ,  G11C2029/1804

Abstract: A method for data storage includes encoding each of multiple data items individually using a first Error Correction Code (ECC) to produce respective encoded data items. The encoded data items are stored in a memory. The multiple data items are encoded jointly using a second ECC, so as to produce a code word of the second ECC, and only a part of the code word is stored in the memory. The stored encoded data items are recalled from the memory and the first ECC is decoded in order to reconstruct the data items. Upon a failure to reconstruct a given data item from a respective given encoded data item by decoding the first ECC, the given data item is reconstructed based on the part of the code word of the second ECC and on the encoded data items other than the given encoded data item.

Abstract translation: 一种用于数据存储的方法包括使用第一纠错码（ECC）分别对多个数据项中的每一个进行编码，以产生相应的编码数据项。 编码数据项存储在存储器中。 多个数据项使用第二ECC共同编码，以便产生第二ECC的代码字，并且仅一部分代码字被存储在存储器中。 存储的编码数据项被从存储器调用，并且第一ECC被解码以便重构数据项。 在通过解码第一ECC无法从相应的给定编码数据项中重建给定数据项时，基于第二ECC的代码字的部分和除了给定的编码数据项之外的编码数据项重建给定数据项 编码数据项。

公开(公告)号：US08547740B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-01

申请号：US13734335

申请日：2013-01-04

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Naftali Sommer ,  Ofir Shalvi ,  Uri Perlmutter ,  Oren Golov ,  Eyal Gurgi ,  Micha Anholt ,  Dotan Sokolov

IPC: G11C11/34 ,  G11C16/04

CPC classification number: G11C16/04 ,  G11C8/20 ,  G11C11/5642 ,  G11C16/20 ,  G11C16/28 ,  G11C2211/5634

Abstract: A method for operating a memory (28) that includes a plurality of analog memory cells (32) includes storing data in the memory by writing first storage values to the cells. Second storage values are read from the cells, and a Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the second storage values is estimated. The estimated CDF is processed so as to compute one or more thresholds. A memory access operation is performed on the cells using the one or more thresholds.

Abstract translation: 一种用于操作包括多个模拟存储单元（32）的存储器（28）的方法包括：通过向单元写入第一存储值来将数据存储在存储器中。 从单元读取第二存储值，并且估计第二存储值的累积分布函数（CDF）。 处理估计的CDF以计算一个或多个阈值。 使用一个或多个阈值对单元执行存储器存取操作。