摘要:
A semiconductor memory device, includes: a semiconductor substrate including a transistor; a first protective insulating film for covering the semiconductor substrate; at least one data storage capacitor element formed on the first protective insulating film; a second protective insulating film for covering the first protective insulating film and the capacitor element; a hydrogen barrier layer; and an interconnection layer for electrically connecting the transistor and the capacitor element, wherein: the capacitor element includes a lower electrode formed on the first protective insulating film, a capacitor film formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the capacitor film, the capacitor film includes an insulating metal oxide, the second protective insulating film has a first contact hole reaching the upper electrode and a second contact hole reaching the lower electrode, and the hydrogen barrier layer is provided in the first and second contact holes, so as not to expose the upper and the lower electrodes.
摘要:
A method and apparatus are described which demodulate channel bits modulated by an arbitrary one of two modulation schemes, by making use of a consolidated reference table with a small address space. The method of the invention comprises the steps of: generating first output bits for representing patterns that correspond to patterns represented by first channel bits other than those patterns being unable to exist under first RLL constraints, the first output bits having a lesser number of bits than the first channel bits; and generating second output bits for representing patterns that correspond to patterns represented by second channel bits other than those patterns being unable to exist under second RLL constraints, the patterns represented by the second output bits being located at discontinuous areas of the patterns represented by the first output bits, the second output bits having a lesser number of bits than the second channel bits. The first and second output bits are used for designating an address of a demodulating reference table.
摘要:
A tunneling transistor is provided as an effective means for miniaturization of a semiconductor integrated circuit having nonvolatile memory. An insulating layer is disposed on a silicon substrate. A source and a drain are disposed on the insulating layer, with an insulator of a few nanometers in thickness that provides a tunnel barrier being interposed between the source and the drain. A ferroelectric layer that exhibits spontaneous polarization is disposed directly above a region of the source that is adjacent to the insulator. With this construction, when the ferroelectric layer is polarized in a predetermined direction, at least a portion of the region of the source adjacent to the insulator forms a depletion region, with it being possible to vary the amount of current tunneling through the insulator depending on whether the ferroelectric layer is polarized or not.
摘要:
Disposed in a single integrated circuit chip are a central processing unit (CPU) for performing instruction execution, an on-screen display (OSD) circuit for displaying character information on a display screen, a read only memory (ROM) which is arbitrarily divided into a first ROM storage space for use by the CPU and a second ROM storage space for use by the OSD circuit, a random access memory (RAM) which is arbitrarily divided into a first RAM storage space for use by the CPU and a second RAM storage space for use by the OSD circuit, and a common bus which is composed of a data bus and an address bus. The CPU, the OSD circuit, the ROM, and the RAM are connected to the common bus in such a way as to allow the CPU and the OSD circuit to acquire an exclusive right to use the ROM and the RAM. When the common bus is not in use by the CPU, a message that said common bus is made available to the OSD circuit is communicated from the CPU to the OSD circuit via a bus liberation signal line, and the OSD circuit obtains a right to use the common bus.
摘要:
A sorter distributes plural sheets to plural sheet holding bins. The sorter includes the plural sheet holding bins for holding the plural sheets, in which inserting portions of the plural sheet holding bins are aligned in a line in a predetermined direction; a conveyance belt for conveying the plural sheets along the line; a distributor, that is reciprocally movable along the line, for distributing the plural sheets to the plural sheet holding bins; motorized pulleys for winding and unwinding a wire member; the wire member being connected between the motorized pulleys and the distributor; nipping apparatus for nipping and for conveying each of the plural sheets, the nipping apparatus being positioned between the conveyance belt and the wire member.
摘要:
Disclosed is a collagen powder and/or a collagen derivative powder, which are obtained by dispersing in a hydrophilic organic solvent a crude collagen precipitate which comprises 12 to 50% by mass of a collagen precipitate and/or a collagen derivative precipitate having an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 μm, recovering solids and then drying the solids. By dispersing the crude collagen precipitate in the hydrophilic organic solvent, the resulting precipitates can be dehydrated, so that drying of the thus obtained solids can be done by air-drying. In addition, the resulting collagen powder and/or collagen derivative powder exhibit excellent solubility due to an increased specific surface area and also have excellent ease of handling with the average particle size being 8 to 1,000 μm.
摘要:
A determination method, a control method, a determination apparatus, a pattern forming system, and a storage medium can determine a replacement time of a focus ring accurately and quickly. The determination method is capable of determining the replacement time of a focus ring that surrounds a substrate to increase uniformity of a pattern in a surface of the substrate when the pattern is formed by etching a film on the substrate. The determination method includes measuring a shape or a critical dimension of the pattern; and determining the replacement time of the focus ring based on the measured shape or the measured critical dimension of the pattern.
摘要:
A method for decoding encoded data comprising integrated data and header protection is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, such a method includes receiving an extended data array. The extended data array includes a data array organized into rows and columns, headers appended to the rows of the data array, column ECC parity protecting the columns of the data array, and row ECC parity protecting the rows and headers combined. The method then decodes the extended data array. Among other operations, this decoding step includes checking the header associated with each row to determine whether the header is legal. If the header is legal, the method determines the contribution of the header to the corresponding row ECC parity. The method then reverses the contribution of the header to the corresponding row ECC parity. A corresponding apparatus (i.e., a tape drive configured to implement the above-described method) is also disclosed herein.
摘要:
A method for integrating data and header protection in tape drives includes receiving an array of data organized into rows and columns. The array is extended to include one or more headers for each row of data in the array. The method provides two dimensions of error correction code (ECC) protection for the data in the array and a single dimension of ECC protection for the headers in the array. A corresponding apparatus is also disclosed herein.
摘要:
During a read-after-write operation on magnetic tape, a first SCO is formed which includes two encoded processed user data units and is one of T SCOs in a first SCO set. The user data units are each one of T user data units in first and second user data unit sets, respectively, within the first SCO set. The first SCO set is written to the magnetic tape and is immediately read. When an error is detected in one of the user data units, a second SCO is formed to include the first user data unit and, only if an error is not detected in a user data unit in the other user data unit set, to not include the other user data unit, the second SCO being one of T SCOs in a second SCO set. Then, the second SCO set is rewritten to a later position on the tape later.