摘要:
The invention is directed to the trimming and grinding of disks to make lens blanks and/or lenses for lithographic stepper camera optical systems, and in particular to disks made of calcium fluoride (CaF2), metal fluorides of general formula MF2 where M is calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium, and other materials suitable for use in optical systems
摘要:
In a method for growing a single crystal by bringing a seed crystal (4) into contact with a melt (2) of raw materials melted under heating in a crucible (1) a blade member (5) or a baffle member in disposed in the raw material melt (2) in the crucible (1) and a single crystal is grown by pulling up it with rotating the crucible (1) to thereby grow various single crystals including CLBO from the highly viscous raw material melt (2) as high quality and high performance crystals.
摘要:
A method and a device to grow from the vapor phase, a single crystal of either SiC, a group III-nitride, or alloys thereof, at a growth rate and for a period of time sufficient to produce a crystal of preferably several centimeters length. The diameter of the growing crystal may be controlled. To prevent the formation of undesirable polycrystalline deposits on surfaces in the downstream vicinity of the single crystal growth area, the local supersaturation of at least one component of the material grown is lowered by introducing a separate gas flow comprising at least one halogen element or a combination of said halogen and hydrogen species.
摘要:
Ceramic preforms comprising monocrystalline hexagonal platelets of .alpha.-alumina, well adopted for conversion into refractory bricks or ceramic composites, are prepared by crystallizing a settled fine powder of amorphous alumina, transition alumina or alumina hydrate, advantageously in the presence of a fluoro-compound flux, into a coherent mass of such hexagonal platelets of .alpha.-alumina.
摘要:
Ceramic preforms comprising monocrystalline hexagonal platelets of .alpha.-alumina, well adopted for conversion into refractory bricks or ceramic composites, are prepared by crystallizing a settled fine powder of amorphous alumina, transition alumina or alumina hydrate, advantageously in the presence of a fluoro-compound flux, into a coherent mass of such hexagonal platelets of .alpha.-alumina.
摘要:
Twin-free (100) InP crystals of large dimensions and having flat crowns are produced by combining the magnetic liquid encapsulated Kyropoulos (MLEK) process and the magnetic liquid encapsulated Czochralski (MLEC) process. Observation of the flat crown by high intensity light ensures twin-free growth in the magnetic environment.
摘要:
A method is provided for producing a KTiOPO.sub.4 which is grown at a temperature higher than its Curie temperature using a TSSG method. The grown KTiOPO.sub.4 single crystal is maintained in contact with a melt while the crystal is maintained at a temperature higher than the Curie temperature. A d.c. current is applied in this state across a seed crystal and the melt, while the single crystal is cooled to a temperature lower than the Curie temperature. The value of current density D, defined by the formula D=Ip/(a+b), where Ip is the impressed current and a, b are crystal sizes along a and b axes, respectively, is selected to be 0.01 mA/cm.sup.2 .ltoreq.D.ltoreq.1.0 mA/cm.sup.2. In this manner, the produced KTiOPO.sub.4 is processed into a single domain crystal.
摘要翻译:提供了一种制备KTiOPO4的方法,其使用TSSG方法在高于其居里温度的温度下生长。 生长的KTiOPO4单晶保持与熔体接触,同时晶体保持在高于居里温度的温度。 一个d.c. 在该状态下通过晶种和熔体施加电流,同时将单晶冷却至低于居里温度的温度。 由式D = Ip /(a + b)定义的电流密度D的值,其中Ip是外加电流,a,b分别是沿a轴和b轴的晶体尺寸,选择为0.01mA / cm 2 = D 1.0mA / cm 2。 以这种方式,将生产的KTiOPO4加工成单畴晶体。
摘要:
This invention relates to NLO devices made of LiB3O5 crystals, which can be used in a laser system of high power density and relatively large divergence and possess a character of high SHG conversion efficiency. Moreover the NLO devices (including waveguide devices) of this invention are capable of producing coherent harmonics of wavelength below 2000 ANGSTROM and tolerating larger processing error of crystals.
摘要:
A method of growing a single-crystal on a single-crystal seed comprises deposition prior to the beginning of crystallization onto the surface of the single-crystal seed to be overgrown, of a continuous layer of a material having at least one of the characteristics of chemical composition and/or structure which differs from that of the material of the single-crystal seed, said product acquiring polarization properties under the influence of the single-crystal seed which are retained during crystallization. The thickness of the layer is selected in such a manner as to eliminate the defects of the surface of the singlecrystal seed and to retain polarization properties acquired from the single-crystal seed. Then the single-crystal seed with said layer deposited thereon is placed into a crystallization medium under conditions required for growing a single-crystal on said layer of the single-crystal seed.
摘要:
A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CRYSTALS OF SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS IN WHICH A SEED CRYSTAL IS BROUGHT INTO CONTACT WITH A MOLTEN SATURATED SOLUTION OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL SHILE A GAS IS SUPPLIED TO THE ATMOSPHERE ABOVE THE SOLUTION WHICH REACTS WITH SOLVENT AT THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MELT TO FORM A VOLATILE COMPOUND SO THAT THE SOLVENT IS EXTRACTED FROM THE SURFACE LAYER AND A STATE OF OVER-SATURATION IS CAUSED IN THIS LAYER.